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Volume 54, Issue 12
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Fumisaburo TOKITA, Hajime OTANI1983 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 759-769
Published: December 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Katsunori SUNAGAWA, Masanori FUJITA, Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI, Kazuo HIKOSAKA ...1983 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 770-776
Published: December 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the metabolic rate of blood acetate, a major energy source for ruminant, 6Corridale wethers exposed to cold environment were used in the present experiment. On the 4th day after thermoneutral (20°C) and cold (0°C) exposure, [1, 2-14C] sodium acetate dissolved insaline was continuously infused at a constant rate through a jugular catheter for 5 hours starting3 hours after feeding. During 6 to 8 hours after feeding when steady-state conditions in specificradioactivities of blood acetate and of CO2 in expired air were achieved, samples were taken forthe measurement of metabolic parameters of blood acetate and CO2 in expired air. The totalenergy production was estimated with the determinations of O2 consumption and CO2 production.The mean turnover rate of blood acetate in cold environment (7.75±1.46mg/min/kg0.75) wasnot significantly different from that in thermoneutral environment (6, 97±±1.56mg/min/kg0.75). The percentage of acetate oxidized to CO2 increased significantly from 52.6±10.7 in thermoneutralto 64.5±±10.2% in cold environment. But the percentage of expired CO2 derived from acetatein total CO2 decreased significantly from 22.3±2.6 in thermoneutral to 15.0±4.7% in coldenvironment due to the increase of total CO2 production. While the total energy productionincreased significantly from 3.69±±0.39 in thermoneutral to 7.90±2.42 kcal/hr/kg0.75 in coldenvironment, the energy originated from acetate oxidation in thermoneutral (0.84±±0.15 kcal/hr/kg0.75) was not different from 0.92±0.10 kcal/hr/kg0.75 in cold environment. Therefore, thepercentage of the energy derived from acetate decreased significantly from 22.9±4.6 in thermo-neutral to 13.1±5.5% in cold environment. These results suggest that the turnover rate ofblood acetate in cold environment was not significantly different from that in thermoneutral envi-ronment and the contribution of blood acetate to the increase of total energy production decreasedsignificantly in cold environment.View full abstractDownload PDF (602K) -
Mamoru TOMITA, Yasuo FUKUWATARI, Yoshitaka TAMURA, Teruhiko MIZOTA, Is ...1983 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 777-787
Published: December 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The theoretical equations concerning the quantitative changes of constituents in the re-tentate and permeate on the process of ultrafiltration of whole milk were introduced. The quantity (APN (parts)) of membrane-permeable component A in the retentate at the concentra-tion factors (CF) of N is represented in the following equation.
APN=AP1••(MN/M1)CA
Ap1: the quantity of membrane-permeable component A in 100 parts of whole milk
M1: the quantity of water in 100 parts of whole milk
MN: the quantity of water in the retentate at CF N
CA: the permeability coefficient of membrane-permeable component A
The concentration (ARN (%)) of component A in the retentate at CF N is represented in the following equation.
ARN=N•(A1-AP1+APN)
A1: the quantity of component A in 100 parts of whole milk
The concentration (APPN'(%)) of component A in the permeate which permeates the mem-brane at CF N is represented in the following equation.
APPN'=100•CA•APN/(MN+CS•SPN)
Cs: the permeability coefficient of membrane-permable total solids
SPN: the quantity of membrane-permeable total solids in the retentate at CF N
2.Fresh whole milk was ultrafiltrated to CF about 3 at 10°C with the module UFP-10 equipped with the membrane IRIS 3038 of Rhone-Poulenc-Chimie Fine. The contents of permeable components in the milk were calculated by the equations using the analytical results of ARN and APPN'. The quantity of permeable and total components in 100g of the milk; total solids: 5.18, 11.73 (g), protein: 0.18, 3.05(g), lactose: 4.37, 4.26(g), ash: 0.46, 0.71(g), Na: 42.2, 46.2(mg), K: 144, 150(mg), Cl: 101, 101(mg), Ca: 35.9, 106(mg), Mg: 7.68, 10.7(mg), P: 39.8, 90.0(mg), and citric acid: 168, 188(mg). The permeability coefficient of each permeable component was 0.88, 0.83, 0.88, 0.95, 0.97, 0.94, 1.03, 0.88, 0.87, 0.93, and 0.92 respectively. The permeable fat was not detected, so the permeability coefficient could not be calculated.3. The theoretical equations mentioned above were proved to be appropriate to represent the quantitative changes of each component in retentate and permeate on the process of ultrafiltration of whole milk to CF 3. And MN is obtained by the following equation approximately. MN_??_M1-(100-SP1)(N-1)/NView full abstractDownload PDF (812K) -
Haruhisa IKUMO, Akihiro TAKIGAWA, Kenichi KAMEOKA1983 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 788-793
Published: December 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDetermination of tryptophan contents in feedstuffs was studied. It was suspected that the difficulty in accurate determination of tryptophan in feedstuffs was present in the procedure of alkali hydrolysis of the sample. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to find how to protect tryptophan from degradation by alkali hydrolysis. Eight kinds of current feedstuffs and egg lysozyme and egg albumin were used as the samples of tryptophan source. Spies' modified method using the alkali solution containing L-histidine and lead acetate was applied to tryptophan etermination in feedstuffs. The samples weighing 10-500mg were soaked in 5.0ml of 5N NaOH solution either with or without supplemental 250mg L-histidine and 500mg lead acetate. The results were as follows. 1. The values of tryptophan contents determined with supplemen-tal L-histidine and lead acetate were higher by about 20% in average than those determined without supplementation. The increment effect by supplements was observed in all samples. 2. Recovery of L-tryptophan added to the samples was 96.7% and 79.1% in average in the cases of supplementation and of no supplementation, respectively. The increment effect in recovery by supplements was also observed in all samples. Thus, the conclusion was that loss of tryptophan in the procedure of alkali hydrolysis of feedstuffs could be prevented almost com-pletely by applying Spies' modified method.View full abstractDownload PDF (412K) -
Michinari YOKOHAMA, Kazushige MOGI1983 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 794-797
Published: December 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith the purpose of improving the utilization efficacy of b1ood types for parentage testing in light breed horses, an equine hemoglobin type was analyzed by the isoelectric focusing method (IEF). The results are as follows: 1. Hemoglobin (Hb) types controlled by autosomal codominant alleles of A and B were detected in the acryl amide gel adjusted a pH value between 5.5 to 7.7 by the IEF. Its genotypes could be classified into three types; AA, AB and BB types. 2. A and B alleles of the Hb type that were detected by the IEF coincied with the B2 and B1 alleles of the Hb-α locus reported in the international comparison test on the equine blood type in 1982. 3. The frequencies of the A and B alleles were 0.874 and 0.126 in Thoroughbreds, and 0.818 and 0.182 in Anglo-Arabs, respectively. In Arabs, Ponies and Japan native horses, the frequencies of B allele were about 37-56% higher than that of the Thoroughbreds. And, the calculated probabilities of negating one of the two possible sire in parentage test in the Hb system for Thoroughbreds and Anglo-Arabs were 0.098 and 0.136, respectively. And then, it for light breed horse was 0.116.View full abstractDownload PDF (799K) -
Toshio TANAKA, Tadashi YOSAIMOTO, Ko MIMURA1983 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 798-804
Published: December 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges of feeding and other activities of laying hens with reduction in feeding time were analyzed in order to gain an insight into the meaning of "pecking for leisure". Six hens were reared on the pelleted feed with the feeding time either restricted (4hrs. or 1hr. per day) or non-restricted in the experiment I. In the experiment II, the feeding time was further reduced up to 15min. per day and the changes in feeding behaviour were observed for twelve hens. Hens became capable of consuming the daily ration within the restricted feeding time on and after the fourth day of the restriction experiment. Daily feed intake was not appreciably affected by restricting the feeding time up to 30min. The time spent for pecking at feed decreased, but the time spent for pecking at the cage and for preening increased as the feeding time shortened. The total time spent for the activities using the beak was not changed by different feeding time. It is therefore suggested that part of the pecks at feed are "pecking for leisure", and it requires further examination to define the meaning of, and to find how to measure, the "time spent for eating". The diurnal behavioural pattern was not affected by different feeding time.View full abstractDownload PDF (1401K) -
Yoshinori FUKUDA, Yutaka TOYODA1983 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 805-811
Published: December 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen 2-cell hamster embryos were transferred to the oviducts of recipients on Day 1 (the day on which postestrus discharge was observed) of pseudopregnancy, 90% of recipients delivered live young with 52% of survival rate of transferred embryos, but none of the recipients receiving the embryos on Day 2 of pseudpregnancy became pregnant. The rate of young weaned was 77% which was simillar to that in control group. As all of the mated females which were injected with a small amount of medium not containing embryos on Day 2 of pregnancy delivered normally, transfer operation and injection of medium into the oviducts on Day 2 did not affect further embryonic development. The failure of embryonic development in synchronous transfer on Day 2 may be caused by either arrested embryonic development or delayed transit of embryos in the oviducts after transfer. From these results, it is of critical importance to use one day younger recipients for successful fetal development of 2-cell hamster embryos after transfer.View full abstractDownload PDF (412K) -
Mitsuru SHINODA, Kaoru IWASAKI, Akira ABE1983 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 812-813
Published: December 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (137K)
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