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Volume 54, Issue 8
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Koui TAKAHASHI1983 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 423-436
Published: August 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Masami SUGITA, Kazuhiko ITOH1983 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 437-443
Published: August 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate a rationalization of the unhairing process for Japanese White Leather, experiments were carried out and changes in fiber structure of leather unhaired by the river-dipping method and lime-sulfide method were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in each process. Furthermore, chemical components and physical properties of finished leathers were determined. The results obtained are as follows. 1) The opening up of fiber bundles in hide unhaired by the lime-sulfide method progessed more favorably than with the river-dipping method. But there was little progress in the opening up of fibers up to the desalting process. There was much better progress after the desalting process-rather better in finished leather unhaired by the lime-sulfide method than with the river-dipping method. 2) The chemical components and distribution of fat in leather showed no significant difference between unhairing methods. 3) Tongue tear strength and load of ball burst test in finished leather unhaired by the lime-sulfibe method were lower than with the river-dipping method. But these results are not an impediment to manufacturing processes and techniques. It may be concluded from the results of this study that the lime-sulfide unhairing method is an ideal system with respect to rationalization of the unhairing process for Japanese White Leather.View full abstractDownload PDF (1558K) -
Akihiro TAKIGAWA, Yoshinobu OHYAMA1983 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 444-450
Published: August 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the relationship between the degree of fat oxidation and its toxicity, chicks were fed autoxidized soybean oil prepared by aeration at 60°C for various periods and the effects were studied. The autoxidation process of soybean oil consisted of 3 stages; inducing period, peroxide accumulation period, and carbonyl compound accumulation and polymer formation period. In the inducing Period, α-tochopherol content in the oil markedly decreased and peroxide accumulated very little. The tochopherol content in the plasma of the chicks fed this oil remarkably decreased, but only slight symptoms of encephalomalacia were found sporadically. In the peroxide accumulation period, β-, γ- and δ-tochopherol contents in the plasma were remarkably decreased, and the development of encephalomalacia increased with increasing peroxide value (maximum 83%), and most of the diseased chicks died. However, growth of the chicks and feed intake changed very little, also digestibility of the autoxidized oil did not differ from that of the fresh oil. In the carbonyl compound accumulation and polymer formation period, the accumulation of peroxide started to decline from the peak. Carbonyl compounds and free fatty acids accumulated considerably, and in the last of this period, viscosity of the oil increased extensively and large amounts of carbonyl compounds and free fatty acids were found. Although the development of encephalomalacia diminished in this period, body weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, digestibility of the oil and metabolizable energy reduced significantly and hypertrophy of the wall of small intestine. Judging from the above results, it seems that the development of encephalomalacia in chick is induced mainly by peroxide and it is undesirable to feed chicks on large amount of oil having peroxide value of more than 30. It is considered that the depression of growth and feed efficiency were caused mainly by carbonyl compounds etc. which are the secondary products of autoxidation of oil.View full abstractDownload PDF (596K) -
Osamu ITO, Ryozo AKUZAWA1983 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 451-456
Published: August 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn experiment was carried out to clarify the mechanism of degeneration of catalase in cows milk in the process of freeze-drying and to find agents which would protect such degeneration of the enzyme. In this experiment, the freeze-dried enzyme was examined for changes in enzymatic activity and structure caused by the process. When catalase was freeze-dried, about 96% of its activity was lost. When a salt, sugar, or amino acid at a concentration of 0.03M was added to the enzyme before the process of freeze-drying, it had an effect to protect the degeneration of the enzyme to a more or less considerable extent during the process. Of these substances, sucrose was the most effective, since it allowed only 1% of the enzymatic activity to be lost. It was followed by glucose and lactose, after the addition of which 1.4 and 6.7% of the enzymatic activity, respectively, were lost. Thus, it was confirmed that sugars were effective agents to protect the degeneration of catalase. Besides, freeze-dried catalase had an optimal pH value of 7.0 and showed a little higher thermostability than native catalase. Then catalase was subjected to Sephadex G-200 column chromatography to elucidate the separation of the enzyme into subunits. As a result, it was found that catalase had been separated distinctly into two subunits, which had no enzymatic activity and which were presumed to possess a molecular weight of about 26, 000 and 42, 000, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (460K) -
Matanobu ABE, Yuichiro SUZUKI, Hideo OKANO, Tsunenori IRIKI1983 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 457-462
Published: August 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStudies were carried out to compare fluctuation patterns of the holotrich concentration in the rumen among cattle, goat and sheep, and to examine the cause of a possible difference. Several experiments were done using two Holstein cows, two Japanese native female goats and one Merino ewe which had been accustomed to feeding twice daily at 09.00 and 17.00 as routine. Holotrich concentrations in the rumen of goat and sheep began to increase prior to the com-mencement of the routine feeding, but such a prefeeding increase was never detected in cattle when they were fed at an ordinary feeding time as well as when fed an hour later than usual. Sudden delay of feeding in goat and sheep caused an increase in holotrich concentrations in the rumen not only after the actual feeding but also at time when they used to ingest feed but were not given on that day. When a goat was isolated and delayed in feeding time for three weeks, an increase at first seen in the holotrich concentration at an original feeding time disappeared from the fifth day after the isolation and the delay. On the basis of the sequestration-migration theory previously introduced to explain the cause of puzzling diurnal variations in holotrich concentration in the rumen, these results are considered to suggest that a contractive movement of the reticulum will be concerned with the migration of organisms into the rumen, and that the contraction may occur in response to the real ingestion of feed in cattle, but would occur in goat and sheep in response to the stimuli surrounding the routine work of feeding.View full abstractDownload PDF (453K) -
Kazuo KUMAZAKI, Takeshi SHIBATA1983 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 463-469
Published: August 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSire breeding values were estimated for average daily gain (ADG), rib-eye area and marbl-ing score from data collected on steer calves which were progeny-tested at Kagoshima, Miyazaki, Oita and Nagasaki testing stations from 1977 through 1980. These data represented records of 179 progeny of 23 sires (12 of the Tayasu line and 11 of the Shigekane line) introduced from Hyõgo Prefecture into Kyushu districts. The Mixed Model Solution method, HENDERSON'S (1973) BLUP with an inverse numerator relationship matrix, was used for sire evaluation. The mixed model included the fixed effects of pedigree line groups of sires and testing stations, and the random effects of sires. The results obtained were as follow: (1) The average coefficients of relationship among sires in the Tayasu line and the Shigekane line were 23.3% and 15.9%, respectively, and a relationship of 5.8% was found between sires of the two lines. (2) The pedigree line effects on ADG and marbling score were higher in the Tayasu line than in the Shigekane line, while the effects on rib-eye area did not show a remarkable difference between the two lines. (3) Breeding values of sires were estimated from Gi+Šij and the ranks of sire values were determined. Generally, the breeding values for ADG were higher in sires belonging to the Tayasu line than in sires of the Shigekane line. The breeding value estimates for marbl-ing score were remarkably higher in Tayasu sires. (4) The maximum likelihood estimates for variance components of sire and error were calculated and the ratios of the error variance to the sire variance were examined.View full abstractDownload PDF (500K) -
Kyohei OZUTSUMI, Takatomo KAWANISHI, Ken ITO, Toshio YAMAZAKI1983 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 470-475
Published: August 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the fatty acid composition in various dept fats of fattened Japanese Black and Holstein streets, three animals of each breeds were managed under a similar back condition from rearing to finishing. Thirteen different depot fats were sampled from the steers to compare their fatty acid composition. There were no statistical differences in the fatty acid composition of various depot fats between the two breeds. However, the depot fats of fattened Japanese Black steers contained more unsaturated fatty acids than those of fattened Holstein steers. The brisket fat in the two breeds contained more unsaturated fatty acids than other fats. With the two breeds, the total amount of unsaturated fatty acids tended to be larger in the outer parts than in the inner parts of the animals' bodies. There seems to be a breed difference for total amount of unsaturated fatty acids between the depot fats of the Japanese Black and those of Holstein steers.View full abstractDownload PDF (308K) -
Tsunenori IRIKI, Masayasu NUKATA, Matanobu ABE1983 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 476-478
Published: August 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Tomio OHASHI, Seiichi HAGA, Kiyoshi YAMAUCHI, Norman F. OLSON1983 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 479-481
Published: August 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (764K)
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