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Volume 77 (2006)
- Issue 4 Pages 471-
- Issue 3 Pages 387-
- Issue 2 Pages 175-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 77, Issue 3
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
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Toshiaki OKUMURA, Toshihiro NADE, Kaoru SAITO, Satsuki MISUMI, Yasuhis ...2006 Volume 77 Issue 3 Pages 387-393
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of undergoing periods of low, middle and high vitamin A concentration (less than 30, 30-80 and more than 80 IU/dl) in serum on carcass characteristics in Japanese Black was investigated. The 22 steers were used in the study. The fattening period was 7-24 months old (6.5-24.5 months of age), for 18 months approximately. The fattening period was set in 3 stages, the early stage (7-13 months old), the middle stage (13-21 months old) and final fattening stage (21-24 months old). The 22 steers were supplied with the 50% amount of vitamin A compared with the Japanese Feeding Standard for Beef Cattle (1995) during the early and final fattening stages, although they were not supplied with any in the middle stage. There wasn’t any significant correlation relationship between periods when the steers underwent low vitamin A concentration and marbling characteristics (ether extract and beef marbling score). Also, the correlation coefficient between periods when the steers underwent low vitamin A concentration and carcass weight was -0.55 (P<0.01). These results suggest that the marbling characteristics aren’t improved and the carcass weight declines when steers undergo long periods of low vitamin A concentration.View full abstractDownload PDF (571K) -
Tadashi SATO, Hiroto KIKUCHI, Tomokazu NAKAI, Hiroo SADOYA, Masaaki HA ...2006 Volume 77 Issue 3 Pages 395-399
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDifructose anhydride (DFA) III is an indigestible saccharide, which increases calcium absorption in the intestine of humans and rats. To investigate the degradability of DFA III, it was incubated in rumen inoculants. In experiment 1, DFA III, raffinose, lactulose and sucrose were incubated for 24hr in the rumen inoculants, obtained from a steer fed hay and concentrate, and the degradabilities of these saccharides were measured. In experiment 2, DFA III was incubated in the rumen inoculants obtained from cows fed 50g of DFA III for 10d. DFA III was not degraded at all during the 24hr incubation in both experiments. The degradability of raffinose, lactulose and sucrose after 24hr incubation was 100, 61 and 100%, respectively. The pH and short chain fatty acid profiles of the inocula with DFA III after 24hr incubation did not differ from those of the inocula which didn’t have any added saccharide. The concentrations of lactate, acetate, propionate and butyrate in the inocula with DFA III were lower than those of the inocula with raffinose, lactulose and sucrose.View full abstractDownload PDF (396K) -
Hajime IEKI, Yuhki KISHIMOTO, Kazue MASUI, Shinji SHIMAIE, Kohzo TANIG ...2006 Volume 77 Issue 3 Pages 401-407
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSKale juice residue, a mixture of raw and dried matter (1 : 1 on dry matter basis), as a food processing by-product was ensiled with additives to assess their effects on the fermentation of silage and its palatability in dairy cows. The ensiling treatments consisted of three groups : Control (without additives), L (with Lactbacillus rhamnosus), and LC (with Lactbacillus rhamnosus and cellulase). The kale juice residue for each treatment was tightly packed and preserved for 40 days in three 3 L plastic bottles and one 220 L dram silo, which were used to measure the fermentation characteristics and palatability, respectively. The contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were lower in the LC-silage than in any other silage (P<0.01), and non fibrous carbohydrate and glucose were higher in LC-silage (P<0.01). With the fermentation characteristics, LC-silage had a lower pH and a higher lactic acid concentration when compared to the other silages (P<0.01). Palatability of the three silages, presented in pairs to six dairy cows, was evaluated by using the amount of dry matter intake at 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after feeding. All cows were allowed to selectively eat each silage in three pairs. LC-silage showed superior palatability to the other silage in all cows ; the dry matter intake of LC-silage was the greatest at any time (P<0.01). These results indicate that the combined application of lactic acid bacteria and cellulase to kale juice residue improves the fermentation quality of the silage and its palatability in cows.View full abstractDownload PDF (609K) -
Mitsuru MITSUMOTO, Keisuke SASAKI, Tomoyuki KAWASHIMA, Mao SAEKI, Hiro ...2006 Volume 77 Issue 3 Pages 409-416
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFermented liquid feed using food processing waste of cooked rice, tofu and bean jam waste was made by the addition of the lactic acid bacteria, which led to suitable for the nutrient demand and stable feed for the fattening pig. Dietary tea catechins was also combined with the liquid feeding to improve meat color and lipid stability during chilled storage. Effects of the fermented liquid feed and dietary tea catechins for six weeks before slaughter on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality during chilled storage in finishing pigs were studied. The fermented liquid feeding increased (P<0.05) daily gain, live weight, slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, backfat thickness and crude fat content of muscle, and decreased (P<0.01) viscera weight compared to the formula feeding. Dietary tea catechins decreased (P<0.05) carcass weight, dressing percentage and muscle weight, and increased (P<0.05) fat content of muscles compared to the control. Dietary tea catechins did not improve (P>0.10) color and lipid stability during chilled storage. The data indicated that fermented liquid feed of food processing waste could be useful for the efficient pork production, and that dietary high amount of tea catechins had no effect on oxidative stability of pork.View full abstractDownload PDF (724K) -
Takamitsu MATSUNAGA, Kiyohiro SHIBATA, Ai SAIGA, Yuka KAKU, Ayato GOHA ...2006 Volume 77 Issue 3 Pages 417-424
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSQuality characteristics of Culatello, an Italian dry cured ham, were investigated to compare with those of Prosciutto di Parma (Parma ham) and Jamóne Ibérico (Iberian ham). The total bacterial count of Culatello ranged 2.0×104-2.5×106 and lactic acid bacteria were predominant. No pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were detected. The fatty acid composition of Culatello was nearly identical that of Parma ham but somewhat different from that of Iberian ham. Culatello contained less oleic acid than that of Iberian ham by 8.2% and more stearic and linoleic acids by 4.4% and 5.4%, respectively. Organic acids that were detected in Culatello at markedly high levels were lactic acid and gluconic acid. Culatello contained free amino acids at higher levels than those of Parma ham and Iberian ham did ; the amino acid content was about 4.7g/100g. Especially, Glu, Lys, Leu, Ala, and Asp contents were high.The peptide content of Culatello was also higher than those of the other two hams. A peptide analysis detected a peptide fragment that was a decomposition product of troponin T. A sensory evaluation of Culatello, Parma ham, and Iberian ham showed that Culatello was significantly mellower than the other two hams.View full abstractDownload PDF (657K) -
Hirotoshi ISHIGURO, Atsutaka KIFUNE2006 Volume 77 Issue 3 Pages 425-431
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate physiology reactions in response to exercise in dairy cows, the effects of walking and running with a rounder or on the track lane on heart rates (HR) and venous blood lactate (BL) level were studied in two experiments with fifteen Holstein dry cows housed in a tie stall barn (the age and weight of the cows were 5.6±1.7 (SD) years old and 786±72 (SD) kg, respectively). In Experiment 1, the animals were subjected to walking exercise for 10 minutes with a rounder at five levels of speed. In Experiment 2, the animals were subjected to walking and running exercise for 3 rounds at four levels of speed on a circular track lane (the distance was 100m per one round). In Experiment 1, a significant correlation (a linear regression : r=0.73) was demonstrated between HR and walking speed at 11.3 to 64.7m/min. In Experiment 2, a significant correlation (a linear regression : r=0.75) was also demonstrated between HR and walking and running speed (WRS) at 50 to 186m/min (the maximum speed). An exponential curvilinear regression between BL and WRS was also demonstrated (r=0.94). Judging from the results for the BL concentrations computed from the regression analysis, it is likely that energy consumed by exercise was supplied by oxygen metabolism at walking speed of less than 49.8m/min, although non-oxygen metabolism gradually increased at walking speed up to 139.5m/min. The energy supply due to non-oxygen metabolism would be more increased at the speed greater than 139.5m/min, resulting in the accumulation of BL in blood.View full abstractDownload PDF (614K) -
Masahiro TAKAHASHI2006 Volume 77 Issue 3 Pages 433-442
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study described the effectiveness of adding waste cooking oil (WCO) and nitrogen source on composting. Dairy cattle feces and sawdust were used as compost materials with glycine as a source of nitrogen. Addition of WCO was done at beginning of the composting (Day0-WCO) and 7 days after (Day7-WCO). Further, addition of WCO and glycine was also done 7 days after (Day7-WCO & G) in order to evaluate the effect of nitrogen on composting. With regard to the WCO decomposition, longer time was necessary with Day7-WCO treatment than with Day0-WCO treatment. However, in Day7-WCO & G treatment, WCO decomposed rapidly and kept at high temperature. Day0-WCO treatment showed that WCO inhibited the decomposition process of fat-free organic matter and the inhibition continued during the process. In Day7-WCO & G treatment, the decomposition ratio of fat-free organic matter was almost similar to the one without addition of WCO. The result concluded that simultaneous addition of WCO and nitrogen after 7 days was effective for composting of the dairy cattle feces and sawdust.View full abstractDownload PDF (790K)
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