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Volume 65, Issue 8
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Thevin VONGPRALUB, Fukashi KOYANAGI1994 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 695-700
Published: August 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMotility and the acrosome-reacted rate of mouse spermatozoa, and the in vitro fertilization rate in oxytocin-supplemented media were investigated. Spermatozoa collected from the vas deferens and cauda epididymis were incubated in a medium containing 10-10M oxytocin for 5h. Although the percentage of motile spermatozoa decreased in the course of time, it remained significantly high except for 1h after incubation when compared to the control. The percentage of hyperactivated spermatozoa was higher than in the control throughout the incuba-tion period. There was also an increase in the percentage of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa at 1, 3 and 5h after incubation. The fertilization rate in cumulus-free eggs (46%) was lower than that of cumulus-intact eggs (83%). When 10-12, 10-10 and 10-8M oxytocin were supplemented into the fertilization medium, the fertilization rates increased significantly to 63, 73, and 57%, respectively. The present results suggest that oxytocin in the medium stimulates sperm motility and is effective for in vitro fertilization.View full abstractDownload PDF (378K) -
Toshiyoshi ICHINOHE, Tadashi TAMURA, Koichiro UEDA, Masahiko OKUBO, Ya ...1994 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 701-708
Published: August 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe changes in particle size distribution of ingested boli, rumen digesta and feces were investigated with four rumen cannulated sheep receiving 3 varieties of orchardgrass hay (H1, H2 and H3) once a day. The hay was harvested at three stages of maturity: pre-heading; a 1:1 heading to blooming ratio; and a 1:1 blooming to fruiting ratio for H1, H2, and H3, respectively. The digestion coefficients and voluntary intake for hay decreased with advancing stage of maturity. The sheep were fed 1300g of the unchopped hay for 3h a day and represent-ative samples of total rumen digesta were collected at 3, 7, 11, 15, 19 and 24h after feeding. The particle size distribution of every sample was determined by the wet-sieving technique and expressed as the dry matter proportion of large particles (LP, retained on 5600, 2360 and 1180μm sieves), small particles (SP, passed through a 1180μm sieve and retained on 47μm sieves) and soluble fraction (SOL, passed through a 47μm sieve) to total sample dry matter. The percentage of LP in the ingested boli was higher for H1 than for H2 or H3. The percentage of the boli-particles retained on a 5600μm sieve was prominently higher for H1, as compared to that for the other hay varieties. The percentage of LP in the rumen digesta decreased from 46% at 3h after feeding to 13% at 24h for H1, 39 to 14% for H2 and 34 to 8% for H3, respectively. However, the percentage of ruminal LP at each sampling time tended to be higher for H1 than for H2 and H3, although the difference was not so marked. The percentage of SP increased from 28% at 3h after feeding to 47% at 24h for H1, 35 to 62% for H2 and 47 to 68% for H3, respectively. The percentage of ruminal SP was higher (P<0.05) for H2 and H3 than for H1 at every sampling time. The percentage of SOL in the rumen digesta tended to increase with time after feeding (from 26% at 3h to 41% at 24h) for H1, whereas it showed no change with time and accounted for about 25% of total digesta for H2 and H3. The percentages of LP in feces were very low for the three hay varieties. The percentage of SP in feces for H3 was higher (P<0.05) than for either H1 or H2, and inversely. SOL was lower (P<0.05) for H3 than for the other hay varieties.View full abstractDownload PDF (578K) -
Naoki NISHINO, Yukina WAKITA, Senji UCHIDA1994 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 709-715
Published: August 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of preservation as hay and silage on the fiber digestion of Italian ryegrass was investigated. From the same harvest at heading stage, field dried hay and wilted silage were prepared. These forages were restrictedly fed to four rumen cannulated goats as a diet consisting of forage-soybean meal (9:1) mixture to determine nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, rumen degradability of DM and NDF, particle-bound carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) activity, and rate of passage of liquid (Co-EDTA) and solid digesta (Cr-CWC). The wilted silage (DM 30.8%) showed a relatively high pH value 4.75 and a butyrate-rich fermentation. The hay showed higher NDF, NDIN and ADIN contents than silage, suggesting some protein became associated with fibrous components during hay-making. All the digestibility of silage diet was higher than those of hay diet, while significant difference could not be detected in fiber digestibility. When goats were fed silage, they retained more nitrogen than those on hay. The silage had more rumen soluble (5.5 and 0.0%) and less degradable (71.4 and 74.4%) NDF compared with hay. The rate of NDF degradation was lower in silage than hay (3.2 and 4.2%h-1), which may partly be ascribed to lower CMCase activity of silage. No significant difference was observed in the rate of passage of either liquid or feed particles. These results indicate that there is considerable difference as energy source in the fibrous components between hay and silage as well as a marked difference of soluble carbohydrate and volatile fatty acid contents.View full abstractDownload PDF (454K) -
Makoto ISHIOROSHI, Kunihiko SAMEJIMA1994 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 716-719
Published: August 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Kazuyuki MORIYA, Taiji DOHOGO, Yoshiyuki SASAKI1994 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 720-725
Published: August 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHeritabilities for carcass traits in the base and current populations of Japanese Black cattle were estimated using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedure. In the base population, animals born before 1960 were assumed to be unrelated and not inbred. On the other hand, in the current population, sire and dam of fattened cattle were regarded as the base animals. In addition, the effect of an amount of pedigree information and the way of tracing back to pedigree on the heritability estimates were investigated. Heritability estimates for carcass traits in the base populations are as follows; daily carcass weight gain (carcass weight/slaughter age): 0.373; carcass weight: 0.351; rib eye area; 0.518; rib thickness: 0.398; subcutaneous fat thick-ness: 0.420; yield estimation value; 0.478 and beef marbling standard number: 0.593, while for the current population, the heritability estimates are; 0.325, 0.326, 0.495, 0.364, 0.256, 0.381 and 0.644, respectively. Additional pedigree information traced back along only sire line yields biased upwards, although REML estimators using sire model yield biased downwards for all traits. On the other hand, as more pedigree information along both sire and dam lines were added, the estimators are more close to the estimates of the base population. These results indicate that not only the amount of pedigree information, but also the way of tracing back the pedigree are important factors to get the unbiased estimates of the base population. In addition, it is suggested that the unbiased estimates of the base population are obtained using the pedigree information traced back up to great-grand parents or grand parents of the fattened steers.View full abstractDownload PDF (449K) -
Mikito HIGUCHI, Yoshitaka NAGAMINE, Hirofumi HANADA1994 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 726-731
Published: August 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to improve the resistance of Japanese Shorthorn calves to bovine theileriosis caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa Theileria sergenti, we produced Santa Gertrudis× Japanese Short-horn F1 calves, with Zebu (Bos indicus) content at the ratio of about 3/16, which were kept with their dams on pasture from May to October of 1990-1992. The propotion of erythrocytes parasitized with Theileria sergenti in F1 calves was lower than that in control Japanese Shorthorn calves in every month except October. The hematocrit values were higher in F1 calves than in the control calves throughout the grazing season.View full abstractDownload PDF (379K) -
Akiyoshi MATSUOKA, Noboru FURUKAWA, Tsuyoshi TAKAHASHI, Yoshitada YAMA ...1994 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 732-737
Published: August 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAfter comparing 2 strains of lactic acid bacteria from Kefir grains with 3 strains of Pediococcus and 3 strains of Lactobacillus plantarum for salt and nitrite tolerance, fermented ground meat products were tentatively prepared by using lactic acid bacteria (K-R4) from Kefir grain, Pediococcus acidilactici NRIC 1101 (Pd-1101) and Lactobacillus pentosus (L-1069). The acid production and microbiological changes during fermentation were investigated, and the follow-ing results were obtained.
The growth of each bacteria in MRS broth containing 3%, 7% and 10% salt was inhibited by increasing the salt concentration, especially so for 10% salt. Although bacterial growth showed a tendency to slow down when increasing the nitrite concentration to 150ppm from 70ppm, the higher limit of nitrite tolerance in each culture was considered to be more than 150ppm.
The pH of fermented ground meat products made with K-R4 fell to below 4.8 within 24 hours, and the level of lactic acid bacteria was 109 CFU/g after 24 hours. These results are similar to results obtained for Pd-1101 and L-1069. Replacing Pd-1101 and L-1069 in ground meat with K-R4 caused the viable counts of staphyrococci, micrococci and psychrotrophic gram-negative bacteria to decrease.View full abstractDownload PDF (448K) -
Haruo NEGISHI, Sumio YOSHIKAWA1994 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 738-745
Published: August 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to elucidate post-mortem changes of broiler breast meat during processing at a commercial broiler factory, the changes in temperature, pH, shear force value (SFV), ATP-related compounds, myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI) and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of myofibrillar proteins were examined at 18, 48min, 1 to 2, 3 to 4 and 24hr after slaughter. The pH, SFV and MFI of broiler meat showed the greatest changes during the first 3-4hr postmortem; that is, pH slightly decreased, SFV greatly decreased and MFI increased, when compared to the values of 18min after slaughter. The variations in those values between the time of packaging (3-4hr postmortem) and 24hr postmortem were less than the variations during the first 2hr postmortem; therefore, it was concluded that the broiler meat, in the stage of distribution on the same day of slaughtering, had already become enough tenderness. ATP content rapidly decreased during the first 48min postmortem, while IMP content increased to the maximum level, and the level was kept constant during storage for 24hr. Two bands, whose molecular weight were estimated to be 30kDa and 32kDa, appeared on SDS-PAGE after 3-4hr postmortem near the region of a marker with a molecular weight of 31kDa. The appearance time of both bands was faster than that of beef 30kDa component. The present results indicate that post-mortem changes of broiler meat are much faster than those of beef, and also indicate that a recommendable storage time for getting the best palatability of post-mortem broiler meat is from the evening on the day of slaughtering to the next morning.View full abstractDownload PDF (1171K)
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