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Volume 79 (2008)
- Issue 4 Pages 445-
- Issue 3 Pages 343-
- Issue 2 Pages 173-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 79, Issue 3
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
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Nazuki MURASAWA, Keigo KUCHIDA, Takefumi OSAWA, Takeshi HORI, Koji KAT ...2008 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 343-351
Published: August 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purposes of this research were to examine the characteristics of marbling in different regions for rib eye of 1,524 Japanese Black steers in progeny testing and to estimate their genetic parameters. Digital images of the rib eye on carcass cross section were taken between the 6th and 7th ribs with photography equipment and the rib eye was divided into four quadrants by inertia main axes. Fat area ratio (FAR), overall coarseness of marbling particles (OCM), coarseness of maximum marbling particle (MMC), fineness index of marbling particles (FIM) and average of luminance in lean (LL) and fat (LF) were calculated for whole and each quadrant of rib eye. Genetic parameters for these traits were estimated with the GIBBS2F90 program using an animal model included in the model were station-year-season and birthplace as fixed effects, age at the beginning of the fattening period as a covariate and additive genetic effect and residual effect as random effects. The FAR showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher percentage at 3rd and 4th quadrants (34.97, 36.22%) than 1st and 2nd quadrants (33.36, 33.91%). OCM, MMC and FIM of each guardant were significantly different in all combinations (P < 0.05). Marbling flecks of medial region were larger than lateral region, conversely finer marbling flecks were contained in lateral region than medial region. Average of LL revealed small value in order of 2nd (111.14), 3rd (110.22), 4th (109.63) and 1st (108.66) quadrant, indicating that the lean color of ventral was lighter than that of dorsal. Average of LF of 3rd and 4th quadrants (110.22, 109.63) were significantly higher than 1st and 2nd quadrant (P < 0.05). Heritability estimates of FAR in 1st and 2nd quadrants (0.68, 0.68) were comparatively higher than 3rd and 4th quadrants (0.56, 0.61). Heritability estimates of OCM (0.31) and MMC (0.21) of 3rd quadrant were lower than other quadrants, and that of FIM (0.19) of 4th quadrant was the lowest among other quadrants. Heritabilities of average of LL and LF were moderate through the quadrants (0.52∼0.61). Genetic correlation for MMC between whole and 3rd quadrant was relatively lower value (0.71), than other quadrants (0.85∼0.92). These results were indicating that the 3rd quadrant wasn't more efficient for improvement of marbling coarseness of rib eye. However genetic correlations of FIM among whole and all quadrants were generally high. Thus, genetic improvement of FIM for whole of rib eye might increase the fineness of all quadrants unlike MMC. Differences of phenotypic and genetic characteristics of marbling by rib eye regions were clarified from this study and also the possibility of improvement for balance of marbling alignment was suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (727K) -
Minoru SAKAGUCHI2008 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 353-359
Published: August 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study investigated the relationship between reproduction, which is worsening continuously and globally, and milk production and body condition score (BCS). Fifty postpartum Holstein cows were examined for first ovulation, estrus and insemination, and days open in correlation with production. The milk yield were better indicator for the day of first ovulation, estrus and insemination than the BCS, and the mean day of first ovulation and estrus can be predicted from the 305-day yield (t) at the initiation of ovarian or estrous cycle synchronization. Only the day of postpartum nadir and the deficit of BCS at nadir had significant correlation with the days of first ovulation and estrus, respectively. The milk protein (%) at 1 month postpartum and the milk fat (%) or fat to protein ratio at 4 months could be indicators for the day of postpartum first insemination and days open, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (479K) -
Kenichi IZUMI, Takahito SAKAMOTO, Sota SHIBAYAMA, Hideo TSUJI2008 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 361-368
Published: August 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this study was to evaluate rumen fill by measuring the penetration resistance value (PRV) and the depth of rumen digesta, and to investigate the relationship between PRV, rumen fill and chewing activity in cows. Four rumen-cannulated dairy cows were fed either the control total mixed ration (TMR) or twicechopped TMR. PRV and the depth of rumen digesta were measured by a device we developed. It consisted of a rod inserted into the rumen, a load cell and a displacement transducer. The rumen mat was defined as the layer having a value over the break point on the line chart of the relationship between PRV and the depth of rumen digesta. The rumen digesta was entirely evacuated before feeding (0 h) and 2 h after feeding. The penetration resistance test was carried out for 24 h at 2 h intervals. Although reduction of particle size increased eating rate at each meal (P < 0.05), the dry matter intake and time spent eating and ruminating did not differ between the two diets. The total amount and the particle size distribution of rumen digesta were generally similar in the two diets, except that the weight of wet digesta at 0 h for chopped TMR was greater than that for control TMR (P < 0.10). The average PRV and depth in control and chopped TMR were 12 N and 53 cm, respectively. The thickness of the rumen mat tended to be greater for chopped TMR than control TMR (P < 0.10). This study suggests that the penetration resistance value is useful in evaluating the physical character of rumen digesta.View full abstractDownload PDF (755K) -
Naoko TAKAHASHI, Naoko KAWAI, Takeo KANEKO, Nobuhiro KIMURA2008 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 369-376
Published: August 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe carried out storage tests of DDGS to confirm the change in the feed characteristics under high temperature and humidification high temperature assuming passage through a high temperature region during sea transportation. The high temperature storage test was set at room temperature (22°C), 40°C and 60°C, and changes in the sample temperature, moisture, lipid quality (acid value (AV) and peroxide value (POV)), lipid content, tocopherol content, color and odor were examined at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8th week for 8 weeks storage. The humidification high temperature storage test was set at 40°C, and changes in the moisture, AV and POV were examined at 0, 1, 2 and 4th week for 4 weeks storage. Both tests included a group with antioxidant addition. In the high temperature storage test, the lipid quality scarcely changed. This may be due to antioxidant action caused by the γ-tocopherol in DDGS. In the group at 60°C high temperature, the color turned brown and the odor changed to a burnt odor, which result were significantly different from the other groups. In group with humidification at 40°C, the lipid was oxidized slightly, but this was controlled by the antioxidant. The characteristics of DDGS were suggested to be comparatively stable during storage as a feedstuff. If DDGS is stored under a general feedstuff storage condition, it is suggested that characteristics as the feedstuff of DDGS are kept.View full abstractDownload PDF (639K) -
Wataru ONODERA, Takumi KACHI, Yuuko SHIMIZU, Zyunryou YOSHINO, Zin KOB ...2008 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 377-383
Published: August 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo experiments were conducted to investigate effects of dietary β-glucan and seaweed on growth rate and immune traits in peripheral blood of weaning pigs. In experiment 1, after weaning at 3 weeks of age, 12 Landrace pigs from one litter were allocated to three dietary treatments (4 pigs/treatment) : control, 0.025% β-glucan supplementation, and 0.05% seaweed supplementation. The 4-week experiment continued until the pigs reached 7 weeks of age. In experiment 2, after weaning at 3 week, 16 Duroc pigs from three litters were allocated to two dietary treatments (8 pigs/treatment) : control and 0.05% β-glucan supplementation. The experiment continued for 9 week. In experiment 2, the pigs of β-glucan treatment exhibited better growth rate (P < 0.05). Regarding immune traits in experiment 1, the pigs consuming β-glucan or seaweed had higher (P < 0.05) total white blood cell counts (5 weeks of age) and alternative pathway activity (7 weeks of age) than the control group pigs. The control pigs had higher (P < 0.05) ratio of granular leukocytes to lymph cells (7 weeks of age in experiment 1 or 5 weeks of age in experiment 2). The results suggest that β-glucan in the diet of weaning pigs may improve growth rate, but its effect on immune traits is still uncertain.View full abstractDownload PDF (607K) -
Koichi SHIMAZAWA, Akiyuki HONDA, Taiji TAKENO, Toru NISHIKAWA, Yoshita ...2008 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 385-390
Published: August 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was conducted to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of pork produced by a potato mixed silage diet. Fifteen pigs were divided into two groups. One group of 8 pigs was treated by the potato mixed silage, while the other control group of 7 pigs was fed a commercial diet, ad libitum. There were no differences in back fat depth between the two groups, but the fat content in loin meat was significantly higher in pigs treated by potato mixed silage than in control pigs (6.0 vs 1.9%, P < 0.01). In physical characteristics, shear stress value was significantly lower in potato mixed silage treated pigs than in the control groups of potato mixed silage group was significantly lower than that of control group(1164 vs 1474 g, P < 0.01), but cooking loss and water holding capacity did not show any differences between the groups. No differences were observed in fatty acid composition and melting point in back fat between the groups. In the intramuscular fat, however, the treatment of the potato mixed silage resulted in higher percentages of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. These results suggest that potato mixed silage stimulates intramuscular fat accumulation and change of fatty acid composition in loin meat, and could produce tender and highly acceptable quality pork.View full abstractDownload PDF (516K) -
Terumi NISHIOKA, Yuzuru ISHIZUKA, Keiko YASUMATSUYA, Masakazu IRIE2008 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 391-401
Published: August 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was conducted to examine the fluctuation and the relations between the quality estimation and several physiochemical properties of bovine fats. The samples of 344 carcasses were obtained from the meat wholesale market and three retail stores, and their melting point, refractive index and fatty acid composition were investigated. The differences between the maximum and minimum of subcutaneous and intermuscular fats were about 20°C in melting point and about 20% in saturated fatty acid (SFA) concentration. There were significant differences in many physiochemical characteristics among different evaluation groups in the market (P < 0.05). Some difficulty of classifying soft and low quality fats and seasonal effects might exist, but the discriminant analysis suggested that the subcutaneous fats ranging about 17-21°C in melting point, about 1.4559-1.4561 in refractive index, about 61-64% in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) concentration were categorized as preferable and high quality in the market. The preferable fat qualities for the meat retail stores were similar to that for the meat market. These results indicate that there are wide fluctuations in the bovine fat quality, and that the fats categorized as high quality in the meat wholesale market and retail stores could be mostly discriminated by physiochemical traits.View full abstractDownload PDF (768K) -
Yoshinobu NAKAHASHI, Toshiaki OKUMURA, Mizuno HADA, Yoshihiro FUJISHIM ...2008 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 403-411
Published: August 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAppropriateness of the Japanese beef carcass grading system evaluated mainly at the 6-7th rib-eye was verified using 8 muscle parts (M. semimembranosus, M. quadriceps and M. tensor fasciae latae, M. supraspinatus, M. major psoas, M. gluteus medius and M. biceps femoris, M. longissimus) of five Japanese Black cattle cloned from somatic cells. These muscle parts were sliced at 2 cm intervals from the cranial side to the caudal side. The cranial part from the 6-7th ribs of M. longissimus was categorized as chuck eye and the others as loin. Image analysis was performed for these slices in order to calculate 4 image analysis traits(muscle area, marbling area ratio, overall coarseness index and small flecks index). Correlation coefficients were calculated between image analysis traits of the 6-7th rib-eye as well as those of each muscle to investigate the appropriateness of evaluation at the 6-7th cross section for evaluating the whole carcass. The value of each muscle was calculated as the average of the value of slices for each muscle. Muscle areas increased and decreased toward caudal sides in all muscles. Marbling area ratios fluctuated by muscle. For muscle area and marbling area ratios, correlation coefficients between the 6-7th rib-eye and each muscle showed values over 0.7 in 6 muscles. The correlation coefficient of the marbling area ratios between 6-7th rib-eye and M. semimembranosus was negative (−0.74). There were few muscles that showed high correlation coefficients with 6-7th rib-eye for the overall coarseness and small flecks indices. These results indicated that predicting muscle area and marbling area ratios using the value of 6-7th rib-eye was possible, but predicting coarseness and fineness of marbling for the whole carcass was difficult.View full abstractDownload PDF (671K) -
Masahiro TAKAHASHI, Takuma SAKAMOTO2008 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 413-426
Published: August 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was intended to clarify the nitrogen content and the relation of the nitrogen mineralization ratio with the C/N ratio in the detergent fractions of livestock feces compost. In all, 19 kinds of compost and 3 kinds of fresh livestock feces were used as test materials. Compost was obtained from a manufacturer in Ishikawa Prefecture. The nitrogen content (N) and C/N ratio of acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), organic cellular contents (OCC), NDF-ADF, and neutral detergent lignin (NDL) were analyzed. Results showed more N in OCC for both compost and fresh feces than N in NDL and NDF-NDL. Uric acid in fresh poultry feces was determined mostly as ADF. Most compost contained more N in ADF than in NDF. For cattle compost, and both swine compost and poultry compost that were mixed with more bulking agent, the acid detergent treatment eliminated less nitrogen than did the neutral detergent treatment. Even for compost with a high C/N ratio, most of the C/N(OCC) ratios were lower than 10. Conversely, some compost exhibited a C/N(NDF) ratio of almost 80 ; indicating that the C/N ratio was influenced by the C/N(NDF) ratio. During the early incubation period, nitrogen of most cattle feces' respective composts was mineralized and subsequently organized. Nitrogen of the immature compost produced from swine or poultry feces was organized during the early incubation period, and subsequently mineralized. However, nitrogen of mature compost of swine or poultry feces with much bulking agent was mineralized during early the incubation and organized afterwards. During the entire incubation period, nitrogen of the race horse feces compost was neither mineralized nor organized. During the incubation periods of 28 and 60 days, the correlation coefficient of ratio of organic nitrogen mineralization on C/N(NDF) ratio was high, but that of C/N(OCC) ratio was low. These results indicate definitively that fractionation of organic matter by neutral detergent processing determines the characteristics of nitrogen mineralization. In other words, during the early incubation period, OCC mineralizes or organizes nitrogen and NDF subsequently mineralizes or organizes nitrogen.View full abstractDownload PDF (1204K)
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