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Volume 74 (2003)
- Issue 4 Pages 475-
- Issue 3 Pages 343-
- Issue 2 Pages 169-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 74, Issue 3
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
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Chuncheng XU, Yimin CAI, Yasuhito FUJITA, Hidenori KAWAMOTO, Takanori ...2003 Volume 74 Issue 3 Pages 343-348
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 16, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA selected strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lactobacillus plantarum FG1 isolated from forage and acremonium cellulase (AUS) were used as additives to barley tea grounds with a drum silo for silage preparation and their fermentation quality was studied. Six Suffolk sheep were fed the basal diet with timothy hay and commercial concentration in 4 : 1 at the dry matter ratio, the nutritive value of the tea grounds silage was estimated. After 245 days of fermentation, barley tea grounds silages treated with both LAB and AUS were well preserved and exhibited significantly (P<0.05) lower pH values and organic cell wall constituent and significantly (P<0.05) higher contents of lactic acid and organic cellular contents as compared to the control silage. It was estimated that total digestible nutrient (TDN), digestible crude protein (DCP) and digestible energy (DE) of barley tea grounds silage treated with both LAB and AUS were 67.3%, 5.0% and 13.3MJ/kg of dry matter. Compared to the control silage, TDN, DCP and DE in silage treated with both LAB and AUS showed the higher tendency, however, there was no significant difference.View full abstractDownload PDF (918K) -
Taisei GOKA, Katsufumi TODA, Itoko NONAKA, Kouji HIGUCHI, Agung PURNOM ...2003 Volume 74 Issue 3 Pages 349-354
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 16, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of parity and stage of lactation on insulin secretion and resistance to insulin in dairy cows was studied. Glucose (0.1g/kgBW) and insulin (0.2IU/kgBW) were injected intravenously to five primiparous cows during early lactation (wk 5), nine multiparous cows during early lactation (wk 5) and 4 multiparous cows during late lactation (wk 30-33). Blood samples were collected at regular intervals. Insulin secretion in response to glucose injection was significantly lower in multiparous cows during early lactation than in primiparous cows during early lactation. The basal insulin level also was significantly lower in multiparous cows during early lactation than in primiparous cows during early lactation and multiparous cows during late lactation. Glucose uptake in response to insulin injection was significantly lower in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows during early lactation than in multiparous dairy cows in late lactation. The results demonstrated that parity and stage of lactation have the effect on insulin secretion and tolerance, and suggested that changes in insulin secretion and tolerance are related to milk yield in dairy cow.View full abstractDownload PDF (840K) -
Chuncheng XU, Yimin CAI, Yasuhito FUJITA, Hidenori KAWAMOTO, Takanori ...2003 Volume 74 Issue 3 Pages 355-361
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 16, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fermentation quality of tea grounds silage added with a selected strain of lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum FG1 and acremonium cellulase (AUS) as additives with a drum silo was studied. Four Suffolk sheep were fed the basal diet with timothy hay and commercial concentration at 4 : 1 ratio in dry matter basis. The nutritive value of the tea grounds silage was estimated. After 270 days of fermentation, tea grounds silages treated with both strain FG1 and AUS were well preserved and exhibited significantly (P<0.05) lower pH values and organic cell wall and acid detergent fiber constituent and significantly (P<0.05) higher contents of lactic acid and organic cellular contents and tannin as compared to the control silage. It was estimated that the total digestible nutrient and digestible energy of tea grounds silage treated with both strain FG1 and AUS were 71.1% and 13.4MJ/kg in dry matter.View full abstractDownload PDF (948K) -
Hachiro KAMADA, Itoko NONAKA, Shigehiko MASAKI, Yoshiharu TAKAYAMA, Ma ...2003 Volume 74 Issue 3 Pages 363-368
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 16, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe selenium (Se) status and physiological responses of 10 Holstein heifers (23.9±3.0 months of age) supplemented with or without sodium selenite during pregnancy were investigated. The basal diet (timothy hay, alfalfa haycubes, skim milk and corn starch) contained 0.02ppm Se (-Se treatment), and a 0.3ppm diet of Se was fed to the cows in the Se addition treatment (n=5). After adaptation to the experimental diet, artificial insemination was carried out to those animals (25.7±3.3 months of age), and the experimental treatment was continued until delivery. Selenium concentrations of blood plasma, colostrum, and discharged placenta were significantly higher in Se-supplemented animals. However, concentrations of selenium in the milk at 7 days after delivery did not differ between the groups. Immunoglobulin G concentrations of blood plasma and colostrum also did not differ between the two groups. Significant increases of the GOT, GPT, LDH, and CPK activities in the blood plasma were not observed, even in the -Se treatment group. This finding indicated that these animals were not suffering from nutritional muscular dystrophy. Although the thyroid hormone concentrations in the blood plasma between the two groups did not differ, the insulin concentrations were higher in the Se-supplemented animals (not significant). These data reveal the importance of Se supplementation to pregnant heifers, which easily become Se deficient.View full abstractDownload PDF (897K) -
Akemi YAMAMOTO, Minoru ITOH, Shu FURUYA2003 Volume 74 Issue 3 Pages 369-373
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 16, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of pH and urinary nitrogen content on ammonia emission from pig manure was investigated with an in vitro procedure. Also, the effect of addition of an odour control additive was tested. In experiment 1, pH of pig manure, the mixture of faeces (40g) and urine (160g), was adjusted to six levels ranged from pH 4 to 9, and ammonia emissions from the manure during 24h incubation and ammonia remained in the manure after the incubation were determined. The average ammonia (ammoniacal nitrogen)emissions for pH 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 at the beginning of the incubation were 0, 19, 32, 53, 58 and 67mg/d, respectively. The ammoniacal nitrogen remained in the manure after the incubation was much lower for the pH 4, 500mg, than that for the pH 5 to 9, approximately 1,200mg. In experiment 2, the effect of urinary nitrogen content was investigated with use of six urine samples ranging from 2.6 to 9.6mg/g. Ammonia emission during 24h incubation was linearly increased with the increase of urinary nitrogen content. In experiment 3, the in vitro procedure was used to evaluate the performance of a commercial chemical additive (powder, unknown composition) on reducing ammonia emission. The additive was added to the manure at four rates (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%). The average ammonia emissions from the manure during 48h incubation for 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% addition of the additive were reduced by 27, 54 and 60%, respectively, in comparison to emission from the untreated manure. The pH of the manure at the beginning of incubation was decreased with the increase of addition rate of the additive ; pH for 1.5% addition, 6.06, was lower by 0.71 unit than that for the control, 6.77. The reduced ammonia emission with addition of the additive may be caused by a lowering effect of this product on the incubation pH.View full abstractDownload PDF (831K) -
Takayuki HORII, Katsuji UETAKE, Kyoko KANADA, Toshio TANAKA2003 Volume 74 Issue 3 Pages 375-381
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 16, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStress states of dogs during an animal-assisted activity (AAA) in a nursing home were assessed by observing the dogs’ behavior and urinary catecholamine concentrations. Six dogs (two males and four females) aged 1.5-5.3 years were used. Urine was gathered when dogs were resting in the home (T1), after exercises for 30-60 minutes (T2), on the previous day of AAA (T3), in the morning of AAA (T4) and just after AAA (T5). Activity time during the dog was in front of elderly people with a volunteer, contacting time with elderly people during the dog was petted by elderly people or played with a ball and restricted time of movement and posture (RT) were measured. Effects of the length of these times and the body size of the dogs on their behavior such as yawning, panting, snout lick, paw-lifting, sniffing, and posture related to refusal (PR) were analyzed by MANOVA. Effects of each timing (T1-T5) of urine gathering and the body size on catecholamine concentrations were analyzed by ANOVA and the Tukey test. The proportion of time spent PR was significantly longer when RT was more than 120sec. compared to shorter than 30 sec. (P<0.05). RT effects on the frequency of PR tended to be in the same direction (P=0.06). Small dogs (BW : 3.6-5.0kg) showed significantly more and longer PR than large dogs (BW : 16.4-28.0kg) (both P<0.05). Large dogs showed significantly more and longer panting than small dogs (both P<0.05). The mean adrenaline concentration in T5 was significantly higher than in T1, T3, T4 (all P<0.05). The mean noradrenaline concentrations in T5 tended to be higher than in T1 (P=0.10). These results suggest that dogs experienced some degree of psychological stress during AAA. Body size determined some of the variation in the dogs’ behavior during AAA.View full abstractDownload PDF (1078K) -
Yoshitaka DEGUCHI, Shusuke SATO, Kazuo SUGAWARA2003 Volume 74 Issue 3 Pages 383-388
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 16, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe damage of corns by bears was investigated using video tape recording and monitoring the traces-eaten on corns in the Experimental Farm of Tohoku University from 18th July to 5th September 2001. Fifty percent of the corn plants in the field eared at 22th July 2001. The number of invasion by bears in the experimental field was 52 times throughout the experimental period. The numbers of invasion to the field in the early milk-ripe stage and latter milk-ripe stage were more than the other stages (χ2=33.2, P<0.001). In the experimental period, bears invaded the field more during 0000-0600 and 1800-2400 than the other time zones (χ2=36.5, P<0.001). The damage of corns by bears was 13.8% of all corns throughout the experimental period. The energy of corns damaged by bears was 169,171kJ/day which was equivalent to the requirement energy per day for 6.52 bears throughout the experimental period. The invasion of the corn field was strongly motivated during the milk-ripe stage where the nutrient requirement could be fulfilled only by corn in this stage.View full abstractDownload PDF (1370K) -
Junichi TAKAHASHI, Kazutaka UMETSU, Tadashi KISHIMOTO, Kunio NISHIZAKI ...2003 Volume 74 Issue 3 Pages 389-395
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 16, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new producing method for producing a high quality bone char as fertilizer and adsorbent was studied for the purpose of treating meat bone meal prepared from dead dairy cattle bodies which were not submitted to BSE inspections. The criteria of the new method for bone char production is carbonization without any phosphor vaporization and with sufficient specific surface area. Phosphor was vaporized by anaerobic carbonization in the form of hydrides, and little increase in its specific surface area was observed, too, in these conventional carbonizing methods. Phosphor vaporization was considered to be suppressed, and surface area increased adjusting the atmospheric redox level. In carbonization at 800°C, considerable differences in the surface phosphor distribution and in the surface area were observed between nitrogen and air dosing nitrogen atmosphere. Carbonized products with duplicate functions, such as bone char for fertilizer and adsorbent, are expected to be relatively easily made from dead beef cattle bodies or meat bone meal by redox condition adjustment of atmosphere in the furnace.View full abstractDownload PDF (1484K)
Technical Report
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Noritaka ADACHI, Mitsuo UDA, Hiroko KOBAYASHI, Masahiko ABE, Michinori ...2003 Volume 74 Issue 3 Pages 397-405
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 16, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEighty one multiparous Holstein cows at 10 experiment stations were used to examine the effects of rumen-protected DL-methionine (RPMet) on milk production, reproductive performance, and nitrogen balance for a period of over two years. Cows at each station were randomly assigned to diets with or without 20g of RPMet daily, during a 4wk prepartum through a 14wk postpartum, and were fed a total mixed ration consisting of timothy hay, alfalfa hay, and concentrate mixture, containing 14.6% crude protein (CP) in the first year (Exp. 1) and 16.0% CP in the second year (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, the 14.6% CP diet with RPMet increased milk yield 4kg per day a compared to that without RPMet (40.3 and 36.2kg, respectively). Also, the milk protein yield was increased with the supplementation of RPMet (1.23 and 1.10kg/day, respectively). The percentages of fat, protein, and urea in milk were unaffected by RPMet supplementation. However, in Exp. 2 showed no responses in lactation performance by the supplementation of RPMet to the 16.0% CP diet. Nitrogen excretion in the feces and urine of cows fed the 14.6% CP diet was estimated 335g /day, and this value was lower than those fed the 16.0% CP diet (404g/day). Blood profiles except methionine concentration and reproductive performance were unaffected by RPMet supplementation. These results indicate that the supplementation of RPMet to low CP diets improve milk production and decrease nitrogen excretion during early lactation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1158K)
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