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Volume 56, Issue 10
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Mitsuru SHINODA, Kaoru IWASAKI, Akira ABE1985 Volume 56 Issue 10 Pages 769-773
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDigestion experiments were conducted in 4 dairy cows at early, middle and late stages of lactation and at a dry period to estimate the TDN value of the concentrate at various feeding levels. Fixed amounts of hay (3kg/day) and corn silage (20kg/day) on the wet weight basis were given as basal diet every day. The amount of concentrate given were 4 and 6kg/day at the early stage, 8 and 10kg/day at the middle stage, 4 and 6kg/day at the late stage and 0 at the dry period. The concentrate consisted of ground corn (70%) and soybean meal (30%). Dry matter (DM) digestibilities of mixed rations were from 66 to 68%. The digestibility of starch was 89% for basal diet, and 85% for basal diet plus 10kg concentrate. The digestibilities of NDF and ADF of mixed ration except at the early stage decreased as the feeding level of the concentrate increased. The TDN values were from 66 to 69%. TDN values of the concentrate were calculated assuming that the digestibilities of hay and silage were constant. They were 69.7 and 72.5% DM when 10 and 6kg/day of the concentrate were given respectively. These values were 77 and 80% of the value calculated from the Standard Tables of Feed Composition in Japan (90. 4), respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (396K) -
Hirotaka TANAKA, Tsutomu FURUKAWA, Yukio YAMADA1985 Volume 56 Issue 10 Pages 774-780
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA model calculation was undertaken in the beef cattle breeding scheme by using embryo transfer (ET). In the model, a nucleus breeding station was established in a region and closed herd selection was conducted by ET. Semen of bulls selected in the scheme was served to the commercial herd within the region. For the comparison of breeding efficiencies, selection in the nucleus herd was terminated at 15th year and thereafter the genetic improvements attained in the nucleus herd were disseminated to the commercial herd. The bulls were used until the age of 10 years old and cows in the commercial herd were replaced either randomly or in the order of their aging after their fourth parturition. The number of bulls selected every year in the nucleus herd were four in ET and two in the conventional scheme, thus making the total number of bulls used to the commercial herd as 32 in ET and 12 in the conventional. Consequently, the number of cows served in ET was 96, 000 and 36, 000 in the conventional herd on the year basis. In the calculation, heritabilities of traits, genetic correlations, initial genetic superiority of the nucleus herd over the commercial herd, genetic level on the sires introduced from outside of the program and the percentage of semen supply from the scheme to the commercial herd were taken into the consideration. Assuming that the heritabilities of the growth and carcass traits were 0.5 and 0.4, respectively, genetic correlation between two traits was -0.2, the initial genetic superiority of the nucleus herd over the commercial was 0.25 standard deviation unit (σ), the average superiority of the sires introduced from the outside of the program was zero and cows were replaced in the order of their seniority, the following results were obtained. For the growth trait, the accumulated genetic progress in the commercial population during 25 years was estimated to be 16.3σ in ET and 6.4σ in the conventional, viz., the former was 2.6 times greater than the latter. Here, accumulated genetic progress was calculated by adding mean breeding value of the progeny from 1st year to 25th year. One the other hand, for the carcass trait, the gain was estimated to be 7.2σ in ET and 3.0σ in the conventional viz., the former being 2.4 times greater than the latter. Problems which would be encountered in the execution of the breeding scheme by ET were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (549K) -
Yoshimasa SEKIZAKI, Shoji FUJIKAWA, Hisayuki KOHNO, Toru KAMIDAI1985 Volume 56 Issue 10 Pages 781-786
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors tested the development of non-destructive method, that is flourescent X-ray analysis (TXA), in mineral analysis of forages in place of destructive method based on the acid digestion- atomic absorption or colorimetric system (wet method). The forages included grass hays (first and second cut), alfalfa hay, corn silages and grass silages. The air dried samples (5-10% moisture contents) were ground to pass through a 1.0mm sieve with cross beater mill (West-Germany Retsch). In FXA method, forage sample have to originally to shape into a thin layer briquette. The authors developed plastic sheet method for that purpose. 0.5g sample was weighed and transferred uniformly to plastic sheet with sticky tape, and then pressed by the weight of 20 tonne per one briquette. An about 400-500μm thickness briquette was obtained by this procedure within 15 minutes, The differences of the analytical value between FXA method and wet method were not significant statically (P>0.01 or 0.05) in following minerals; calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, sodium and sulphur. Cofficients of variation of six repetition were within 3% in all minerals by FXA method. In FXA method, the time required for analysis of calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium and sodium was within 25 minutes after sample preparation.View full abstractDownload PDF (421K) -
Junjiro SEKINE, Shigeru MORITA, Toshio MOROOKA, Seri KONDO, Masahiko O ...1985 Volume 56 Issue 10 Pages 787-791
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFasting heat production of calves fasted for 4 days was measured using 10 Holstein castrated male calves at 4 and 6 months of age after 3-week-feeding at maintenance level. Compositions of ruminal gas phase were also determined at 24, 44, 48, 68 and 92 hours after last meal. Results were obtained as follows: 1) Compositions of ruminal gas phase drastically changed within 48 hours, but reached a plateau after 68 hours of fasting. Changes of compositions of ruminal gas phase indicated that 4-day-fasting satisfied to reach the quasi-postabsorptive state of calves. 2) Calves lost weight at an average of 1.6kg per day by the fasting. After 4 days of fasting the weight of calves decreased to 0.928 of live weight at maintenance feeding level. 3) No difference was observed in fasting heat production between 4- and 6-month-old calves. Fasting heat production of calves at 4 to 6 months of age averaged 385 kJ/kg0.75•day and well agreed with that calculated by applying mean fasting weight of the present study to the equation shwon by ARC (1980). Fasting heat productions reported by several workers were too high to apply to young calves at the age of 4 to 6 months.View full abstractDownload PDF (335K) -
Effect of the acclimatization and the excreta collection periods on metabolizable energyMasayoshi YAMAZAKI, Takashi AIZAWA1985 Volume 56 Issue 10 Pages 792-796
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe experiment was conducted with chicks and hens to measure the time required to acclimatize to a dietary change and to investigate the effect of the excreta collection periods on the variation of the metabolizable energy (ME) values of poultry feed ingredients. Using 8-day old chicks (3 diets, 6 replicates) and 245-day old laying hens (3 diets, 6 replicates), it was found that acclimatization required a period of 4 days as measured by dietary ME values and by the contents of nitrogen in the excreta. Also the results of the analysis of variance in the ME values suggest that the number of the excreta collection period reduces the variation in the ME determination.View full abstractDownload PDF (313K) -
Nobuyuki SUGIMOTO1985 Volume 56 Issue 10 Pages 797-801
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of feeding levels on digestibility in pigs were investigated with two diets, diet L (generally used for the performance test for meat production in Japan of DCP 12% and TDN 82% in dry matter basis) and diet H (commercial diet of DCP 16% and TDN 90%). Eight Landrace barrows weighing 23 to 33kg at the beginning of the experiment were used and divided equally into two groups of which one was given diet L and another diet H. The feeding levels of each diet were equivalent to 2, 3, 4 and 5% of body weight per day. Animals were placed in metabolism cage, and the digestion trial consisted of a 5-day preliminary period subsequent to a 5-day faces collection period was conducted to estimate the digestibilities of 4 feeding levels of each diet as a 4×4 Latin square design. The digestibilities had a tendency to decrease as the feeding level increased in either diet L or H. However, the feeding level in diet H did not significantly affect the digestibilities of each component and nutritive values. On the other hand, the digestibilities of diet L were significantly higher in dry matter (P<0.05), NFE (P<0.05), gross energy (P<0.05) and crude fiber (P<0.01) when fed at the 2% level than at the 5% level. In the nutritive values of diet L, the digestible energy was significantly (P<0.05) higher at the 2% feeding level than at the 4 and 5% feeding levels, and the total digestible nutrient was significantly (P<0.05) higher at the 2% feeding level than at the 5% feeding level. It is, therefore, suggested that the relation between feeding level and digestibility depends upon the quality of feed, i. e, the one having less digestible nutrients can be influenced to a large extent with the feeding levels, as compared with that having much more digestible nutrients.View full abstractDownload PDF (356K) -
Shigeki KOBAYASHI, Kohei TAKASAKI1985 Volume 56 Issue 10 Pages 802-806
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDL-α-tocopherol (V. E), which has a function of activating tissue cells in living animals, was used to fatten steers at the finishing period for examining the effects on the body weight gain and the meat quality. Ten Holstein steers in NODAI's Fuji Experiment Farm were divided into two groups, and each group was further divided into two lots, the experimental and the control. In both groups, body weight and traits of carcass were measured. Blood properties after the fattening were also measured in one group. In Group I, the average daily gains were 1.17kg and 0.95kg in the lot of V. E and control, respectively. In Group II, they were 1.08kg and 1.06kg. The differences were not significant. Carcass weight, marbling, quality of meat, rib eye area and grading of the carcass were a little better in the lot of V. E than in control. Dressing percentage, price at the market and appearance of them were similar in both lots. The changes of erythrocyte, leucocyte, Hematocrit, total protein, cholesterol, calcium, inorganic phosphorus and uric acid during the experimental period of one month were not distinguished between both lots.View full abstractDownload PDF (412K) -
Soichi TSUJI, Etsuko UCHITANI, Toyokazu FUKUSHIMA1985 Volume 56 Issue 10 Pages 807-815
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOvotransferrin (OTf) was purified from different species of birds by two different methods; one using CM- and DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography, and the other using immuno-adsorbent column chromatography. By both methods, OTf was purified as a single protein from albumen of chicken, quail, duck, and pigeon. The molecular weight of OTf of chicken, quail, duck, and pigeon are 77500, 75100, 76400, and 77500, respectively when measured by sodiumdodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A double immuno-diffusion test showed that precipitin lines of purified OTf and transferrin (Tf) of each bird fused together on an agar gel with chicken OTf antiserum, while the lines between different birds showed a spur pattern. This result shows high similarity of OTf and Tf within a species. Single radial immunodiffusion tests and immunoadsorbent column chromatography showed the content of OTf in albumen of chicken, quail, duck, and pigeon to be 12.37±0.20%, 11.20±0.60%, 1.61±0.63%, and 13.04±1.30%, respectively. These OTfs and Tfs, purified by using an immuno-adsorbent column, were shown to be a single polypeptide on SDS-PAGE, suggesting that both OTf and Tf do not show the moleculer weight heterogeneity observed in bovine Tf.View full abstractDownload PDF (2273K) -
Yuji TAKEMURA, Hisashi HIROSE, Shigeru SUGANO1985 Volume 56 Issue 10 Pages 816-821
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, we tried to elucidate how the autonomic nervous function of the cattle changes at high altitude based on the appearance of the somato-autonomic reactions observed in the responses of RR interval and blood glucose to a mechanical stimulation to the auricle. Sixty-six head of Japanese black cattle raised all the year at high altitude (1070-1230m) and fifty-three at low altitude (40m) were examined (named highland and lowland cattle, respectively). The auricular stimulation produced tachycardiac and hyperglycaemic responses in general. In the lowland cattle, significant correlations (p<0.05) between resting level and the change due to stimulation in both RR interval and blood glucose were recognized in young cattle (under 2 years old) but not in old cattle (2 years old and over). On the contrary, in the highland cattle, significant correlations were not recognized in young cattle but in old cattle. The reactivities to the stimulation were generally larger in the highland cattle than in the lowland cattle, and this tendency was more clearly observed in young cattle than in old cattle. It was considered from the results that the autonomic nervous function of animals was altered to adaptate to a high altitude environment and would be stabilized after the facilitation in the sympathetic nervous activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (5502K) -
Kazunari USHIDA, Akira MIYAZAKI, Ryoji KAWASHIMA1985 Volume 56 Issue 10 Pages 822-826
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of monensin on VFA and gas production in the rumen of sheep fed high concentrate diet was studied. Marked decrease in feed intake was observed during the first week of monensin supplementation period. Particular VFA pattern was observed in the rumen of control sheep (acetate: propionate: butyrate=65:15:18) and such a VFA pattern may be introduced by large protozoal population which was promoted by restricted feeding of high concentrate diet. Monensin supplementation markedly reduced butyrate production and enhanced propionate production. Acetate production was not greatly affected by monensin. Monensin reduced methane production, while its effect on carbon dioxide production was not clear.View full abstractDownload PDF (446K) -
Teru ISHIBASHI1985 Volume 56 Issue 10 Pages 827-834
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. To determine the lysine requirement of laying hens, 3 experiments were conducted. White Leghorn hens older than 12 months were fed diets with graded levels of lysine containing 15% crude protein and the same essential amino acid pattern except lysine as in whole egg protein for 4 weeks. 2. Egg production rate (Y1, %), egg production (Y2, g/hen/day) and feed conversion ratio (Y3) changed curvilinearly according to the following equations: Y1=-74.4+0.451X-0.000317X2, Y2=-15.2+0.190X-0.000131X2 and Y3=4.75-0.00775X+0.00544X2, where X was mg of lysine per hen daily. The points where Y1, Y2 and Y3 reached a maximum or minimum were 711, 725 and 712mg dietary lysine intake/hen/day. 3. Plasma lysine concentrations remained at relatively low levels until dietary lysine intake increased to 667mg/hen/day, but thereafter increased rapidly. No effect of dietary lysine was found on the other amino acid concentrations.View full abstractDownload PDF (610K) -
Takahiro TOBA, Keizo ARIHARA, Susumu ADACHI1985 Volume 56 Issue 10 Pages 835-837
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (304K) -
Hazime KUMAGAI, Naohiko ISHIDA, Ryozi KAWASHIMA1985 Volume 56 Issue 10 Pages 838-840
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (252K)
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