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Volume 52, Issue 7
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Michinari YOKOHAMA, Keiko TANAKA, Kazushige MOGI, Tatsuo HOSODA1981 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 487-492
Published: July 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the animal blood typing works, it is very important to establish new technique of preserving red blood cells freshly for a long period. It has been reported that horse and cattle erythrocytes can be preserved for a long period in liquid nitrogen using sucrose solution as a cryoprotective agent. But, the deep-freezing of horse erythrocytes has not been studied enough. This experiment was carried out to find more effective cryoprotective agents than the sucrose solution from twenty eight compounds including fourteen sugars, six hydroxy compounds, five sugar alcohols and three other compounds. Horse erythrocytes were frozen to pellet or straw forms by liquid nitrogen using 30% sucrose, lactose and maltose, and 20-40% raffinose, respectively and preserved in liquid nitrogen for 4 years. The results are as follows: 1. The compounds, in which cryoprotective effect (over 50% recovery of erythrocytes) was recognized, were eleven agents such as sucrose, lactose, maltose, raffinose, dextrin, dextran C, dextran T250, gum arabic, polyethylene glycol 1000 and 2000 and polyvinyl pyrrolidon. 2. The highest recovery of erythrocytes (78.6±1.0%) after freezing and preservation for 4 years was recognized in 30% raffinose solution. There was no difference in the recovery values between after and before (80.5±1.1%) storage by freezing. 3. The antigenic variation was not recognized after freezing and preservation for the period.View full abstractDownload PDF (379K) -
Masanori KOMATSU, Kunio YOKOUCHI, Tsuneo ABE, Syuji OZAWA, Kiichi KITA ...1981 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 493-497
Published: July 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelationships between milk protein genotypes at the κ-cn, β-1g, αS1-cn and β-cn loci and milk production were in vestigated by least squares analysis of variance. Milk samples from 409 Holstein and 30 Jersey cows for progeny tests in Iwate and Fukushima National Livestock Breeding Stations were used for genotyping of milk κ-cn, β-1g, αS1-cn and β-cn by the method of starch-urea-gel electrophoresis. Milk production data were taken from Holstein cow's first lactation record and from Jersey cow's first to eighth lactation record. It was suggested that several percentage of total variance of 305-day milk production was accounted by κ-cn locus. The hetezozygote (κ-cn AB) was significantly higher than the homozygeots in milk production in the data of Irvata National Livestock Breeding Station. There were nosignificant relationships between β-lg, αS1-cn, β-cn, the number of heterozygous loci at the κ-cn and β-1g and milk production. The κ-cn, β-1g, αS1-cn and β-cn loci were not related to fat per cent and SNF per cent.View full abstractDownload PDF (369K) -
Zyunji KUROSAKI, Tatsunobu SONODA, Kooichi SATO, Zyunichi MATSUMOTO, H ...1981 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 498-506
Published: July 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present investigation was made to ascertain the age at establishing the dominance order among Holstein heifers under group feeding. Fifty-five heifers used in this study were managed in the following three groups based upon their ages; in separation for two months post-partum, in a group of 2 to 3 heifers between three and ten months old, and in a group of ten or more heifers above eleven months old. The heifers in the same group were coupled and a hundred and sixty pairs were introduced to pair-contest with which the dominance order was determined based upon the competition for food. All the movements and postures which the coupled animals showed at the competition around the trough were recorded and these were classified into eight types of behavior according to the behavioral pattern of one animal corresponding to the other. Counting the frequency of each behavior revealed that there were three types of dominance order, that is, non-dominance order (non-aggression), peck-dominance (bi-directional type of dominance order) and peck-right (uni-directional type of dominance order). Heifers had not the dominance order at an early age, but as they grew up, they built up the peck-dominance and finally the peck-right. The ages in month when each type of the dominance order was observed were widely distributed as follows: the non-aggression was from two to nine months old, the peck-dominance was from four to twenty-eight months old and the peck-right was from six months old, Growing up to a definite age in month did not cause the heifers to establish a given type of the dominance order.View full abstractDownload PDF (630K) -
Mutsuo OHARA1981 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 507-511
Published: July 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present experiment was performed to examine the surface changes in the boar spermatozoa during transport through the female reproductive tract. The spermatozoa coating antigens (SCA) derived from seminal plasma on the surface of boar spermatozoa were observed by an indirect immunofluorescence technique using anti-boar seminal plasma rabbits sera and FITC conjugated anti-rabbit IgG sheep sera. Freshly ejaculated spermatozoa showed bright fluorescence on the acrosomal cap and weak fluorescence on the midpiece and tail, indicating the presence of SCA in these regions. Ovulation was induced in seven proestrous gilts by administration of 500iu HCG, and in 16 post-weaning sows by subcutaneous injection of 1, 000iu PMSG followed by 500iu HCG 56hr later. These gilts and sows were mated with fertile boars and autopsied 3, 6 or 24hr later. Spermatozoa were recovered from the uterine horns and utero-tubal junctions within an hour of autopsy by flushing these tracts with modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution. The ova recovered from oviducts were stained with aceto-lacmoid and examined for the evidence of fertilization. The spermatozoa recovered from the uterus 3 and 6hr after mating showed loss of SCA in 16.6% and 91.3%, respectively. Spermatozoon was not recovered from the uterus 24hr after mating. All spermatozoa recovered from the utero-tubal junction 6 and 24hr after mating showed loss of SCA. When ejaculated spermatozoa were incubated in vitro 3 and 6hr at 37°C, the immunofluorescence pattern was the same as that of fresh ejaculate. The fertilization rates of ova recovered from the oviduct 3, 6 and 24hr after mating were 5.6% 43.8% and 92.0%, respectively. These results suggest that the SCA on the surface of boar spermatozoa is removed in the genital tract of estrous gilts and sows within 6hr after mating.View full abstractDownload PDF (563K) -
Yutaka NAKAMURA, Yutaka TADA, Tomoyuki SAITO, Joji YOSHIDA, Ryohachiro ...1981 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 512-518
Published: July 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was carried out to clarify whether ensiled Italian ryegrass of high nitrate content would cause so-called nitrate poisoning in ruminants. The chopped high nitrate silage containing 0.35g of nitrate per 1kg of body weight was introduced into the rumen of sheep through fistula twice a day for four days. On the first day of feeding trial with the high nitrate silage, ruminal nitrate disappearance, nitrite appearance and followed disappearance rates seemed to be generally slow. However, these rates increased gradually from the second up to fourth day of trial period, and the maximum nitrite concentration decreased simultaneously as rumen microorganisms adapted to nitrate. The decrease of lactic acid, pH restoration, and the increase of total volatile fatty acids and ammonia were faster in the rumen of animal showed rapid disappearance of nitrate and nitrite. More vigorous reduction of nitrate and nitrite in vitro was observed without the marked fall of media pH, when rumen microorganisms adapted to nitrate. These reduction rates were accelerated by the addition of protozoal fraction. From above results, it was deduced that feeding of ensiled high nitrate grass might reduce nitrate toxity for ruminants due to rapid reduction of nitrate and nitrite by rumen microorganisms, presumably as the result of providing hydrogen donor such as lactate produced in the silage fermentation.View full abstractDownload PDF (515K) -
Hiroshi ITOH, Yoshiaki TERASHIMA, Katsuji UEDA, Yoshihiro TAKAHASHI1981 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 519-524
Published: July 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRice straw (RS) and rice hulls (RH) were mixed with 50% water of air dry matter and then simultaneously treated with 0, 5 or 25% sodium chlorite (NaClO2, by wt.) and 5% ammonia (NH3, by wt.) containing 10.4 atom % 15N for 3 days at 45°C. All samples were subjected to the determination of the fractionation of nitrogen and the distribution of 15N in each nitrogen fraction. Ammonia nitrogen (AN) and amide nitrogen (AmN) contents of original materials were very low and hot water insoluble nitrogen (ISN) was accounted for most of total N in original samples. The rate of total retained N to added ammonia in the ammoniated materials treated with 0.5 and 25% of NaClO2 was 33.3, 41.5 and 54.7% for RS and 26.4, 36.4 and 42.5% for RH, respectively. The nitrogen recovered as AN and AmN was markedly increased with the increasing level of NaClO2, and the sum of these values showed about two-thirds of total retained nitrogen. ISN content was also increased by these treatments and about 5.3 and 6.2% of the added ammonia were recovered as ISN in treated RS and RH, respectively. The retained total N, AN and AmN derived from added ammonia were accounted for about 100% of total increased N, indicating that most of the increased N in these fractions were originated from added ammonia. The retained ISN derived from added ammonia was less than total increased ISN in RS and RH treated with 0 and 5% NaClO2, but the values of samples treated with 25% NaClO2 were accounted for 138 and 135%, respectively. These results showed that the ISN in the original materials would be affected by the treatments.View full abstractDownload PDF (420K) -
Yasuyuki KANNAN, Takehiko ISHIBASHI1981 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 525-531
Published: July 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMorphological changes in the apical surfaces of follicular cells in the chick thyroid following the administration of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. In the hypoactive thyroids from the control chicks, the apical surfaces were flat, sparsely studded with short microvilli. In the hyperactive thyroids from the experimental chicks, remarkable changes were observed. Ten min after TSH-injection, small pseudopods appeared on the apical surfaces of a few follicular cells. The microvilli were increased in length and number. Twenty min after TSH-injection, the apical surfaces became convex with numerous microvilli. Some cells had enlarged pseudopods, each of which had an aperture at its apex. Thirty min after TSH-injection, the pseudopods began to be diminished in number. However, the sizes and shapes of pseudopods varied with the enlarging funnel-shaped apertures on their apices. Such apertures may be thought as invaginations of the follicular lumen into the follicular cells themselves. One hr after TSH-injection, the pseudopods disappeared in all follicles but the apical cell surfaces remained relatively convex. These findings suggest that when the thyroid is abruptly stimulated by TSH, the follicular colloid is rapidly absorbed into the follicular cells via the apertures of pseudopods appearing on the apical surfaces of the cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (1859K) -
Toshikazu MIYASHIGE, Shigefusa YAHATA1981 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 532-536
Published: July 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The carbohydrase activities of the small intestine of early weaned calves were compared with those of nursing ones at 26 weeks of age. 2. In the early weaned calves, the pH value of content of the caecum was observed to be lower than that of the nursing ones, suggesting that more soluble carbohydrates would have escaped from ruminal fermentation and reached the caecum. 3. The values of maltase and iso maltase activities of the early weaned calves were not different from those of the nursing ones. However, maltase activity of the early weaned calves distributed more constantly with relatively high level all over the small intestine. Lactase activity of the early weaned calves was almost the same as that of the nursing ones. Dextranase and amylase activities were also found in the small intestine of the early weaned calves.View full abstractDownload PDF (277K) -
Hajime MIYAMOTO, Takehiko ISHIBASHI, Kyozo UTSUMI1981 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 537-541
Published: July 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe histochemical activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was determined in the ovary of the nonpregnant (Day 5 of the estrous cycle) and early pregnant (Day 5) Tokara goat. Both the nonpregnant and early pregnant goat ovary showed a similar distribution and activity of LDH. The LDH activity was weak in the granulosa cells of primary follicles and in the granulosa cells and theca cells of growing follicles. In antral follicles with a diameter of 1mm or less, weak enzyme activity appeared in the granulosa cells and theca cells, while activity was moderate in the granulosa cells and theca interna and weak in the theca externa in antral follicles over 1mm in diameter. Atretic follicles generally showed weaker enzyme activity than normal follicles. The LDH activity was strong in the corpora lutea, and weak in both the ovarian stroma and germinal epithelium.View full abstractDownload PDF (912K) -
Yoshiko KONISHI, Jun-ichi KURISAKI, Kunio YAMAUCHI, Shuichi KAMINOGAWA1981 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 542-545
Published: July 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (188K) -
Shin HASEGAWA, Kazuyoshi SATO, Yuzo HIKAMI, Toshio MIZUNO1981 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 546-549
Published: July 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (256K)
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