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Volume 53, Issue 12
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Noboru MANABE, Hisako FUJIMURA, Takehiko ISHIBASHI1982 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 781-785
Published: December 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMale and female goats of various ages were used in this study. The epidermic specimens were obtained from fifty portions of the body surface. Histological identification of Langerhans cells (L-cells) in these specimens was made by the zinc iodide-osmium (ZIO) method. The results were as follows: 1) The L-cells were selectively stained by a ZIO solution buffered by 0.05M veronal sodium-hydrochloric acid of pH7.6 at 4°C. 2) In thick epidermides, such as at the shoulder and the loin, the L-cells were located at the base of the Malpighian layer, and their long processes extended toward the surface of the epidermis and reached the clear layer. Generally, L-cells located in a highly keratinized portion had more processes than those located in a low keratinized portion. Moreover, the processes of the former branched off remarkably. 3) The L-cells were unevenly distributed in the epidermis, throughout the body. Many L-cells were found at the lip, eyelid, auricle, shoulder, chest, external acourstic meatus, belly, teat and scrotum. The distribution density of the L-cells varied from 632 to 1, 592/mm2 at the dorsal portions. The density was very high at the epithelium of hair follicles. In the sweat glands, the dendritic processes of L-cells extended along the secretory ducts and surrounded them. In general, the number of L-cells tended to increase with age.View full abstractDownload PDF (905K) -
Sakae MATSUOKA, Fumio OGAMI, Katsuyuki KATOH, Hiroshi FUJITA1982 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 786-791
Published: December 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn an attempt to clarify the effect of aerobic deterioration on the nutritive value of silage, a digestion and nitrogen balance study was conducted, using four wether sheep in a Latin-square design. They were fed grass silages which were at different stages of aerobic deterioration, having been stacked in the open air after being removed from the silo for 4 (4D-silage), 7 (7D-silage) and 10 days (10D-silage). For a control, undeteriorated silage was given immediately after being removed from silo, with no temperature rise. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1) The aerobic deterioration resulted in higher pH, decreased lactic acid and total VFA contents and increased the VBN content of the silages. Except for the VBN content, these changes were not to any extent proportional to the number of days the silage had undergone an increase in temperature. There was no marked difference in the general chemical composition among the silages. 2) The digestibility of crude protein, NFE and energy tended to be lower with aerobic deterioration, and the differences in the digestibility of crude protein between the control silage and 7D and 10D-silages were significant at the 5% level. However, the digestibility of ADF was somewhat higher (P<0.05) for the deteriorated silages than for the control silage. 3) The nutrient content of the silages decreased with aerobic deterioration, and the DCP contents of 4D, 7D and 10D-silages were lower by 4, 7 and 9% than those of the control silage, respectively. The TDN and DE contents decreased less than the DCP content did and, in 10D-silage, were lower by 2 and 4% than those of the control silage, respectively. 4) The sheep fed on 10D-silage excreted more nitrogen (P<0.01) in their feces, but somewhat less nitrogen in their urine and had, though non-significant, lower nitrogen retention values when compared with those fed on the control silage. 5) Ammonia and total VFA concentrations in the rumen of the sheep were affected somewhat by feeding on the deteriorated silages.View full abstractDownload PDF (417K) -
Yoshinori TERAWAKI, Koji MUTO, Hitoshi ONO1982 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 792-796
Published: December 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of herd, season, parity and age on reproductive efficiency and fluctuation of reproductive efficiency were evaluated. A total of 783 records of Hokkaido Dairy Herd Testing Association registered Holstein cows of 38 Holstein herds of the Obihiro Animal Relief Association was used. Only cows in which the first artificial insemination after parturition was done in 1979 were included. Reproductive efficiency was expressed by the conception rate at the first A. I. (conception rate), the number of A. I. per conception (no. of A. I.), the interval between the first A. I. and conception (service period), days open and calving interval. 1) Parity had a statistically significant effect on conception rate, no. of A. I. and service period. 2) Days open and calving interval were significantly influenced by herd, parity and age (month). 3) Linear partial regression coefficent of days open and calving interval on age were positive, but these two traits decreased with parity. These indicated that least squares constants of parity for these two traits were biased by the effects of selection or culling. 4) Days open and calving interval may have been shortened by the reduction of the period from parturition to first A. I. in view of herd practice. 5) Season had no effect on all traits.View full abstractDownload PDF (388K) -
Yoshiyuki OHTAKE1982 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 797-803
Published: December 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fatty acid compositions and the positional distributions of fatty acids in triacylglycerols were investigated on the lipids extracted from steer bones (radius, tibia and rib) and pig bones (humerus, femur, scapula, lumber vertebra and rib). Bone marrow lipids tested in this study were largely composed of neutral lipids. The predominant fatty acids of lipids from steers were C16:0, C16:1, C18:0 and C18:1, and it was noticed that the lipids were abundant in C18:1 and that radius and tibia neutral lipids contained a small amount of C18:0. Although the fatty acid compositions of lipids from radius were similar to that of tibia, the lipids from rib contained more C18:0 and total saturated acids and less C18:1 than the lipids from radius or tibia on neutral lipid fractions and also on phospholipid fractions. The predominant fatty acids present in pig bone marrow lipids were C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:2, and the fatty acid compositions were comparatively resembled among the lipids from bones of different anatomical locations on both the neutral lipids and phospholipids. In general, bone marrow phospholipids contained less C16:1 and C18:1 and more polyunsaturated fatty acids such as C20:3, C20:4, C22:5 and C22:6 than neutral lipids in all bones tested. And, the lipids from steers contained more C16:1, C18:1 and total unsaturated acids and less C16:0 and C18:2 than the lipids from pig marrows. In the case of steer bone marrow triacylglycerols, C16:0 and C18:0 predominated in position 1, C18:1 was preferentially distributed on positions 2 and 3, and C18:2 was mostly present in position 2. Consequently, positions 2 and 3 of triacylglycerols from radius and tibia were occupied nearly 90% by unsaturated acids. In the case of pig bones, C14:0, C16:0 and C16:1 were predominantly esterified to position 2, whereas C18:1 was preferentially esterified to positions 1 and 3, and C18:2 was similar to C18:1, with preference for positions 1 and 3. From these results, contrary to steer bone lipids, position 2 of pig bone marrow triacylglycerols was largely occupied by saturated acids, and position 3 was predominantly occupied by unsaturated acids.View full abstractDownload PDF (498K) -
Shoji YAMAUCHI, Shuichi SANADA, Masahiko SHIMADA1982 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 804-813
Published: December 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA morphological study on porcine placentae containing a fetus ranging from 1.5cm (ca. 25 days in pregnancy) to 32cm (near term) in C. R. length was undertaken. When a fetus attained 2.6cm in C. R. length (ca. 30 days), the chorionic epithelium showed a differentiation into ridge and fossa. Concomitant with this, fetal capillaries penetrating the epithelium were noted at the ridge and specific colloid droplets appeared in the epithelium of the chorionic fossa. Epithelial cells of the uterus gradually changed into cuboidal to squamous form with the progress of the gestation. No difference in character of the uterine epithelium between those facing the ridge and the fossa was noted. Light-microscopically, the surface of contact of the trophoblast with the uterine mucosa consisted of a fine interdigitation by both epithelia and it reacted strongly to PAS and alcian blue (pH2.5). Up to the stage when a fetus attains 3.5cm in C. R. length (ca. 35 days), nucleated erythrocytes were present exclusively in allantoic vessels. Nucleated erythrocytes were far less in number in allantoic vessels of placentae containing a fetus of 4.2cm and 4.9cm in C. R. length (ca. 40 days). Thereafter, only mature erythrocytes were present. The intraepithelial distribution of fetal capillaries secmed to persist until the term and as fetal capillaries reached the supranuclear region of the trophoblast of a definitive placenta of near term, the distance from the endothelium of the capillary to the apical margin of the epithelium measured less than 1.5μm. On the other hand, the capillaries in the chorionic fossa as well as in the endometrium did not invade the epithelium throughout the gestation period. Intracellular colloid droplets in a trophoblast of the fossa disappeared gradually in a late pregnancy (probably later than ca. 70 days). During pregnancy, uterine glands continued to increase in diameter and the secretions increased also in quantity. The development of the superficial gland was more remarkable than that of the deep gland being particularly appreciable during a middle stage of gestation (ca. from 40 days to 80 days).View full abstractDownload PDF (2823K) -
Ryozo AKUZAWA, Kenkichi YOKOYAMA1982 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 814-821
Published: December 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn intracellular proteinase has been separated in crystalline from Streptococcus lactis (IAM 1198), and some enzymatic properties of it were studied. The procedure resulting in 45.4-fold purification of the proteinase included protamine sulfate fractionation, DEAE-52 column chromatography and Sephadex G-50 column chromatography. It was purified to a specific activity of 4.72U/mg protein. The proteinase was freezedried, and then dispersed in deionized water containing ethanol to make a proteinase suspension, which was gradually cooled. The enzyme was allowed to be crystallized after storage. Approximately 2% of the original enzyme activity was recovered in the purified fraction. The crystalline proteinase was shown to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight was about 12, 500 and the absorption maximum spectrum was at 278nm and the value of E 1% 1cm at 278nm was 10.83. The optimum activity was at pH5.5 and 6°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (857K) -
Yujiro KASEDA, Ken NOZAWA, Kazushige MOGI1982 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 822-830
Published: December 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The present investigation was conducted to determine sire-foal relationships between harem stallions and foals in Misaki horses living under conditions similar to the wild. This was done by blood typing and analyses of group formation during the breeding seasons from 1979 to 1981. 2. Almost all mares became associated with their particular stallions and these consort relationships showed a high degree of stability during the breeding season. Most mares showed a tendency to associate with the same stallions every year. 3. Paternity tests between 22 foals and 8 harem stallions by blood typings and analyses of group formation revealed that the possible sire was confined to one stallion in 15 of 22 cases, to 2 stallions in 4 cases and to 2 stallions in 3 cases, 4. The harem stallions coincided with the possible sires in 12 of 22 cases, and could be considered as possible sires in 6 cases. They could not be included among possible sires in 3 cases, and in the other case it could not be determined which stallion had associated with the dam in the previous breeding season. 5. It is generally suggested that the harem stallions are highly likely to be the foals' true sires in the groups. However, there may be cases where the true sires are not always the harem stallions with whom the dams associated during the breeding season.View full abstractDownload PDF (500K) -
Hajime MIYAMOTO, Ryosuke FURUBAYASHI, Takao TANII, Takehiko ISHIBASHI1982 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 831-837
Published: December 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe surface of granulosa cells from porcine ovarian follicles was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The granulosa cells were generally round in shape. The surface of the cells from small and medium-sized follicles was relatively smooth and most of them were lacking microvilli on the surface. On the contrary, the cells from large follicles (6-12mm), particularly those close to the lumen of the follicle, were generally covered with numerous microvilli. These results indicate that the appearance of microvilli on the surface of granulosa cells may be related to the developmental process of the follicle. No morphological differences were observed between prepuberal and mature animals concerning the surface of the cells from follicles within the same sizeclass. No significant differences were found among the stages of the estrous cycle concerning the surface features of cells from follicles within the same size-class. The surface of collapsed granulosa cells in early cystic follicles was scattered with a few microvilli. The inner lining of the advanced cystic follicle became covered with fibrin or collagen fibers after granulosa cells were completely lost.View full abstractDownload PDF (1897K) -
Kenji TOGASHI, KUNIO YOKOUCHI1982 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 838-843
Published: December 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationships between direct genetic effects and genetic maternal effects on preweaning growth traits (body weight, withers height, body length, chest depth, rump length, hip bone width, heart girth) in Hereford cattle at the TOKACHI National Livestock Breeding Station were examined. 1) The figures for covariance between direct genetic effects and genetic maternal effects were negative for almost all body measurements. 2) Heritability figures for maternal effect were higher than those of the direct effect for body weight, chest, depth, rump length, hip bone width, and heart girth at 3 and 6 months of age. Heritability figures for maternal effect for body weight, rump length, hip bone width, and heart girth at 3 months of age were 0.67 to 0.76. 3)Total additive genetic contribution accounted for less than 30% of variation in almost all body measurements. 4) The figures for the phenotypic correlation coefficient between the preweaning body measurements of cows and their calves were lower than 0.30 for almost all the traits.View full abstractDownload PDF (344K) -
Haruhiro YOSHIDA, Umetaro MURAMATSU, Shigenori IKEMOTO1982 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 844-845
Published: December 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (139K)
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