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Volume 66, Issue 11
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Hirofumi HANADA, Masaya GESHI, Osamu SUZUKI1995 Volume 66 Issue 11 Pages 909-913
Published: November 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the effect of the 7/21 Robertsonian translocation on fertility in Japanese Black Cattle, sperm chromosomes of the carrier bulls were analyzed using an interspecific in vitro fertilization system with zona-free golden hamster oocytes. Further studies were performed on embryos at the 8-cell stage derived from bulls heterozygous for the 7/21 translocation. No chromosomally unbalanced spermatozoa, due to the 7/21 translocation, were observed in a homozygous bull. In bulls heterozygous for the 7/21 translocation, however, unbalanced spermatozoa resulting from adjacent meiotic segregation were detected but only at a rate of 3.4%. A few unbalanced embryos were also observed in chromosome analysis of embryos sired by bulls heterozygous for the 7/21 translocation. These results suggest that the 7/21 translocation in a heterozygous state causes only a slight reduction in fertility.View full abstractDownload PDF (857K) -
Hirofumi HANADA1995 Volume 66 Issue 11 Pages 914-917
Published: November 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAbstract To understand the transmission of the 7/21 Robertsonian translocation chromosome to the progeny of Japanese Black Cattle, chromosome analyses were carried out on secondary spermatocytes, spermatozoa and embryos derived from the 7/21 translocation heterozygotes. The metacentric chromosome and two homologous acrocentrics were transmitted at equal frequencies during the prenatal stage. Normal and balanced offspring were equally produced from mating of 7/21 translocation heterozygous males with normal females or normal males with heterozygous females. There was no distortion of the transmission ratio of the metacentric chromosome and two homologous acrocentrics in the 7/21 translocation heterozygotes. It was apparent that the 7/21 Robertsonian translocation was inherited in Mendelian fashion.View full abstractDownload PDF (292K) -
Midori YOSHIZAWA, Morihide YUDA, Satoshi NAKAMOTO, Yukiko SAKAINO, Emi ...1995 Volume 66 Issue 11 Pages 918-926
Published: November 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of egg-aging were examined in frst-cleavage mouse eggs which were fertilized in vitro after aging in the oviducts of (BALB/c×C57BL/6) F1 females superovulated by PMSG and hCG. Fertilization rates, judged by the presence of 2 pronuclei or genomes, declined in aged eggs. Accordingly, as the period of egg-aging in oviducts lengthened, the incidence of triploidy also decreased. However, lengthier egg-aging resulted in further incidences of haploidy. The morphology of chromosomes in these haploids resembled those of uniform haploids in parthenogenetically-activated eggs. Therefore, the haploids were judged to be resultant from the parthenogenetic activation of eggs by aging. The incidence of structural chromosome aberrations showed an upward tendency without any significant difference in the aged egg groups. There was no egg-aging effect on the sex ratio of the mouse eggs fertilized in vitro either.View full abstractDownload PDF (1156K) -
HEM KAMEL, Junjiro SEKINE, Tetsuyuki SUGA, Ziro MORITA1995 Volume 66 Issue 11 Pages 927-935
Published: November 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree crossbred (Suffolk×Corriedale) sheep, 43kg initial body weight (BW), fitted with ruminal cannula were used to study the degradations of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), cellular contents (CC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and purine (P, as yeast RNA-equivalent) in oats, timothy and alfalfa hays. Animals were given each hay as a sole diet at 2.5% of BW•d-1 on air dry-matter basis. Purine concentrations were 1.3, 1.6 and 4.6mg•g-1 DM in oats, timothy and alfalfa hays, respectively. Ruminal degradation (RD) of N and NDF were higher in alfalfa than oats and timothy hay. There was no significant difference on RD of CC among these three hays (P>0.05). The RD of DM was affected by those of N and NDF rather than the degradation of CC in the present study. Degradation kinetics of P were varied among hays, and RD of P were 92.7, 88.0 and 96.0% in oats, timothy and alfalfa hays, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the disappearance of P and CC in the rumen in these three hays (r2=0.756, P<0.05). The dietary P flows to postrumen were calculated to be 82.8, 163.6 and 170.3mg•d-1 in oats, timothy and alfalfa hays, respectively. These quantities were estimated to contribute 1.8, 2.1 and 1.4% of microbial P in the small intestine for alfalfa, timothy and oats hays, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (598K) -
Masahiro SATOH, Taro OBATA1995 Volume 66 Issue 11 Pages 936-940
Published: November 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of the number of alleles in a DNA marker on the efficiency for linkage analysis between the markers in pigs was investigated using computer simulation. In the simulation, the number of alleles in each locus was varied between two and ten and the same gene frequency of each alleles was assumed for all markers. Markers with three or less alleles required more animals for detecting linkage than the ones with four or more alleles. However, although there were several DNA marker loci with four or more alleles, if these loci were located adjacently, it was recommendable to select markers not based on the number of the alleles, but instead based on other criteria, such as chromosomal location of the markers and the easiness of identification of the bands in electrophoretic gels.View full abstractDownload PDF (342K) -
Yimin CAI, Sadahiro OHMOMO1995 Volume 66 Issue 11 Pages 941-948
Published: November 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and cellulase (E) on the changes in microflora during fermentation, gas production, dry matter (DM) loss and fermentative quality in silage were examined using a small scale system of silage fermentation. Commercial inoculants containing strains of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and L. casei (LC), Acremonium cellulase (AUS), Trichoderma cellulase (CEP) and glucose (G) were used as additives. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and guinea grass (Panicum maximum) were treated with LP, CEP and G, and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) was treated with LP, LC, AUS, CEP and G before ensiling. 1). In LAB-, LAB+E- and LAB +G-treated silages, the LAB grew vigorously and the highest numbers of LAB were observed at an early stage of ensiling, but the growth of aerobic bacteria, mold and yeast were suppressed compared with the untreated (Ut) silages. The E- and G-treated silages at ensiling promoted the propagation of LAB and other harmful bacteria such as aerobic bacteria, mold and yeast. 2)the gas production and DM loss of LAB-, LAB+E- and LAB+G-treated silages were significantly (P<0.05) decreased, whereas those of E- and G-treated silage were significantly (P<0.05) increased than those of the Ut silage. 3). LAB-, LAB+E- and LAB+G-treated silages had lower pH, ammonium nitrogen and ethanol content but higher lactic acid and water-soluble carbohydrate content compared to those of the Ut silage. 4). The improvement of silage quality was in the ranking order: LAB+E, LAB+G>LAB>E, G>Ut. It is concluded that the combined treatment of LAB and cellulase improved fermentation quality and inhibited gas production and DM loss in silage.View full abstractDownload PDF (1105K) -
Koichiro UEDA, Toshiyoshi ICHINOHE, Tadashi TAMURA, Masahiko OKUBO, Ya ...1995 Volume 66 Issue 11 Pages 949-956
Published: November 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo orchardgrass hays (early cut (EOG) and late cut (LOG)) and alfalfa hay (ALF) were fed to three rumen cannulated sheep once a day to investigate the changes in fiber content of particulate matter as size reduced in the rumen. Rumen digesta samples were collected at various time after feeding, and were fractionated by particle size (LP:>5600, MP: 5600-1180, SP: 1180-300, FP: 300-47μm) using wet sieving technique. The fiber components (NDF, ADF and ADL) contents were measured for each particulate fraction. Cellulose content of LP and MP for EOG and ALF decreased with time after feeding. The ADL content of all fractions for ALF and of both LP and MP for EOG increased with time after feeding; but the other fractions had no change over time. For all hays, cellulose content tended to decrease as particle size decreased, whereas, ADL content was on the reverse trend. Their extent of change, however, differed among three hays, of which ALF was the greatest and LOG lower than EOG.View full abstractDownload PDF (576K) -
Ryozo AKUZAWA, Masanori MATSUISHI, Mitsuhiro FUJIMORI, Akihiro OKITANI1995 Volume 66 Issue 11 Pages 957-961
Published: November 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the effects of heating on the milk-like aroma which is one of pleasant aromas characteristic to raw cow's milk. The strength of the milk-like aroma of market milk from Holstein cows was in the following order: low temperature long-time (63°C, 30min) heated milk>high-temperature short-time (75°C, 15sec) heated milk>ultra high-temperature (120°C, 3sec) heated milk. The strength of the body (kokumi) evaluated on opening the naris was the same order as that of the milk-like aroma, while there was no difference on closing the naris. Thus, the milk-like aroma seemed to give kokumi to milk. The experiments where raw milk was heated under various conditions, and raw and heated milk were fractionated revealed the following facts : The milk-like aroma is assumed to be located predominantly in the milk fat globule membrane. The milk-like aroma is completely kept when heated at 63°C for 30min, partially kept when heated at 75°C for 15 sec and completely lost when heated at 120°C for 3 sec. Preincubation of raw milk at 63°C for 30min make the milk-like aroma resistant to heat-treatment at a temperature higher than 63°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (334K) -
Mitsuru MITSUMOTO, Shinobu OZAWA, Tadayoshi MITSUHASHI, Sachio KONO, T ...1995 Volume 66 Issue 11 Pages 962-968
Published: November 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of dietary vitamin E supplementation for 4 weeks before slaughter on drip loss, meat color and lipid stability during display in fresh beef steak from Japanese Black steers were studied. Three Japanese Black steers were fed no supplemental vitamin E and three Japanese Black steers were supplemented with 2, 500mg dl-α-tocopherol per animal daily for 4 weeks before slaughter. Semitendinosus muscles were sliced into 1-cm thick steaks, and 50-mm diameter pieces were cut from these sliced steaks with a template cutter. Samples were over-wrapped with PVC film and displayed under cool white fluorescent lights at 4°C for 10 days. Drip losses, surface metmyoglobin percentages, L*a*b* values and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values were determined at day 1, 4, 7 and 10. Dietary vitamin E supplementation increased (P<0.05) α-tocopherol concentrations in plasma, liver, kidney fat and semitendinosus. Vitamin E-supplemented beef had lower metmyoglobin percentages (P<0.001) and TBARS values (P<0.001) and higher a* values (P<0.001) and b* values (P<0.05) compared to the control, but no differences (P>0.05) in drip losses and L* values. Dietary vitamin E supplementation for 4 weeks maintained redness (a* value)(from 23.0 to 16.2), and delayed metmyoglobin formation (from 4.4 to 23.5%) and lipid oxidation (from 0.02 to 0.53mg MDA/kg) in beef steak during display compared to the control (from 23.5 to 11.3, from 3.0 to 52.7%, and from 0.07 to 1.66mg MDA/kg, respectively)View full abstractDownload PDF (496K) -
Hiroshi SAKAMOTO, Yoshiaki TAKAHASHI, Miyako SAKAMOTO, Kazuhiro MISUMI ...1995 Volume 66 Issue 11 Pages 969-975
Published: November 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study was carried out to evaluate experimentally the rectal absorption of ampicillin (ABPC) suppository in cattle, using 24 adult cattle weighing 411-639kg. The animals were divided randomly into three groups. Group I (Control): ABPC Na was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 10mg/kg b. w., which is the accepted dosage for large animals. Group II: ABPC suppository containing no absorption promoters was administered rectally at a dose of 20mg ABPC Na/kg b. w.. Group III: ABPC suppository containing 10w/w% of sodium caprate as a rectal absorption promoter was administered rectally at a dose of 20mg ABPC Na/kg b. w.. Pharmacokinetic parameters were measured after administration in all three groups. The occurrence of systemic and local adverse reactions was not observed after administration in groups II and III. The highest serum concentrations in groups I, II and III were 12.83±4.51μg/ml at 30 min, 2.43±1.48μg/ml at 30min and 8.83±3.70μg/ml at 45min, respectively. The peak concentrations and the time of peak concentrations in group I, II and III were 13.96±3.61μg/ml and 0.72± 0.20h, 2.80±1.25μg/ml and 0.66±0.21h and 9.63±4.56μg/ml and 0.78±0.15h, respectively. By the addition of the absorption promoter, absorption of ABPC from the suppositories was increased about 3.5-fold and about two-thirds to approximately equal the absorption after intramuscular injection. The serum concentrations of ABPC in Group III were well above the minimum inhibitory concentration values for the most common pathogens of infection in cattle. No adverse reaction was observed in any of the experimental groups. These results suggest that rectal administration of ABPC is a safe and effective treatment for bacterial infections in cattle.View full abstractDownload PDF (1028K) -
Hideo MURATA1995 Volume 66 Issue 11 Pages 976-978
Published: November 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHealthy calves were subjected to transportation by road for 48 hours. Serum collected from each calf prior to departure and upon completion of transport was incubated with peripheral blood neutrophils from a clinically healthy calf. Thereafter, the activity of zymosan-induced chemiluminescence, an indicator of bactericidal function, of the incubated cells was examined. A significant decrease in activity was observed in the cells incubated with the sera after transport. This suggests that sera after transportation might have an immunosuppressive function on peripheral blood neutrophils.View full abstractDownload PDF (212K)
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