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Volume 68, Issue 4
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Eisaburo DEGUCHI1997 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages 347-350
Published: April 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis experiment was carried out to clarify the relation among the discharged amount of creatinine (Cr) in urine in 24h, the body weight (BW) and urine volume in 24h on pigs. Fifty-eight healthy Large White hogs (castrated male pigs), ranging from 30.5kg to 95.3kg of BW were used, and fed a diet in a daily amount of 3.5% to 4% of BW, containing 12.5% digestible crude protein and 3540kcal matabolizable energy/kg of diet throughout the experiment. Daily urine was collected continiously for 5 days and the daily urine volume and the concentration of Cr in urine in 24h were determined. There was a significant positive correlation between the BW (X: kg) and Cr in urine in 24h (Y: mg/d), and a linear regression line of Y=41.4 X-201.0 (R2=0.977, P<0.001) was obtained. The coefficient of variation of the 24h urine Cr during 5 days was small (4.8±2.6%).On the other hand, no significant correlation between the BW and quantity of urine in 24h, and in the relation between the urine Cr and urine volume in 24 h was observed. It is clear that the discharged amount of urine Cr in 24h in Large White hogs is determined by their BW.View full abstractDownload PDF (230K) -
Agung PURNOMOADI, Mitsunori KURIHARA, Takehiro NISHIDA, Fuminori TERAD ...1997 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages 351-359
Published: April 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo groups of rations with known in vivo digestibility and energy values were used in this study. These rations were composed of Italian ryegrass only (IRO, n=45), and combination of Italian ryegrass and concentrates (IRC, n=58). The IRC ration was obtained from two batches, namely IRC-1 and IRC-2 consisting of 42 and 16 samples, respectively. Two methods of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS; direct and indirect method) were carried out for comparison with the in vivo value. Samples (30 each) of IRO and IRC-1 group rations were randomly chosen to develop the LAIRS calibration equations for estimating digestibility and energy value. These equations were used to determine the digestibility and energy value of the remaining 15 samples of IRO and 12 samples of IRC-1 (direct method). Also, digestibility of those remaining samples were calculated based on the lignin indicator method using feeds and fecal components determined by LAIRS (indirect method). Comparison of the value determined by direct and indirect methods with the in vivo of those remaining samples called validation test. Same comparison was conducted to IRC-2 ration samples for application test. The direct method of LAIRS showed reliability only for ration at the same batch with that used in developing the calibration. However, the indirect method showed the potential and reproducibility for determination of digestibility and energy values of ration either originated from the same or different batch with that used in developing calibration.View full abstractDownload PDF (586K) -
Akemi YAMAMOTO, Teru ISHIBASHI1997 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages 360-366
Published: April 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLysine (Lys) requirement estimated by laying performance and that by response of plasma Lys concentration to changes of dietary Lys in a short period were compared. Laying hens at 39 weeks of age were divided into five groups, housed individually and given free access to the experimental diets and water for 21 days. Egg weight was recorded every day and body weight and feed intake were recorded before every blood sampling time. Blood samples were taken on 1, 2, 4 and 21 days after changing diets for the determination of plasma amino acid concentration. The Lys requirements estimated by egg production rate and egg mass were 0.63 and 0.64%, respectively. The Lys requirements determined by plasma Lys concentration were 0.70, 0.63, 0.62 and 0.64% on 1, 2, 4 and 21 days after changing diets, respectively. All values except for that on the first day after changing diet agreed well with each other and those from laying performance. Though it took about seven days until the low dietary Lys affected the egg production rate, the plasma Lys concentration responded to the changes of dietary Lys at two days. The responded plasma Lys concentration was maintained for 21 days. These results suggested that the Lys requirement could be predicted from plasma Lys concentration on the second day after changing diets.View full abstractDownload PDF (472K) -
Narito ASANUMA, Tsuneo HINO1997 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages 367-376
Published: April 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCorrelation between the tolerance to low pH and the capacity to produce lactate was examined by comparison among Streptococcus bovis, Selenomonas ruminantium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, and Ruminococcus albus. Generally, acid-tolerant bacteria produced larger amounts per cell mass and higher proportions of lactate than acid-sensitive bacteria. The cellular content of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was basically parallel with lactate production with the exception of S. ruminantium, in which lactate production was higher than that accounted for by its LDH content. This could be because the LDH of S. ruminantium has high affinity to pyruvate. The activity of LDH was higher at low pH in acid-tolerant bacteria than acid-sensitive bacteria. The cells grown at low pH contained much larger amounts of LDH than those grown at pH7.0 except for R. albus, the most acid-sensitive bacterium among the bacteria species examined. R. albus, containing an extremely small amount of LDH and producing only a little lactate, was incapable of enhancing LDH content at low pH. In addition, its LDH was most sensitive to low pH and had the lowest affinity to pyruvate. These results suggest that the capacity to produce lactate including the capability to enhance LDH synthesis in response to low pH and the properties of LDH, is in a part related with acid-tolerance.View full abstractDownload PDF (682K) -
Reinhard PINONTOAN, Un-ichi OKUMURA, Tatsuo MURAMATSU1997 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages 377-380
Published: April 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of chicken embryo extract (CEE) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on whole-body protein synthesis were examined in chicken embryos cultured in vitro. Chicken embryos at 7 days of incubation were transferred into a serum free culture medium containing [3H] phenylalanine with graded levels of either CEE (up to 5%) or EGF(up to 200ng/ml), and cultured in a rotatory whole-embryo culture apparatus for up to 30min. Fractional synthesis rates of whole-body protein were calculated from specific radioactivities of both free and proteinbound phenylalanine in the embryo. The results showed that neither CEE nor EGF significantly increased fractional synthesis rates of whole-body protein in chicken embryos cultured in vitro.View full abstractDownload PDF (288K) -
Hiroshi NISHIDA, Takahiro YAMAGUCHI, Kan SATO, Haruhiko OHTSU, Yukio A ...1997 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages 381-384
Published: April 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the differentiation and intracellular protein accumulation of chick myoblasts was investigated in the cultures added with aspirin, an inhibitor of endogenous PG synthesis. With an addition of PGE2 (10-1-102μM), intracellular protein accumulation of chick myoblasts per dish was accelerated but that per DNA was not changed. Creatin kinase (CK) activity in chick myoblasts expressed as both per dish and per DNA was augmented with the increase of PGE2. These results suggest that PGE2 stimulates the differentiation of chick myoblasts and the protein accumulation in cultures during the myogenesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (271K) -
Keiji IGOSHI, Naoki JIROMARU, Hiromasa KOBAYASHI, Shunrokuro ARIMA1997 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages 385-388
Published: April 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS70%-Ethanol soluble extracts in Gouda cheese (cheese before ripening and cheese ripened for 1 and 4 months) were prepared to examine low molecular weight peptides in the cheese. The extracts were fractionated by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) fitted with ODS column and UV detection. As the ripening period progressed, the number and quantity of peptide peaks extracted increased. The amino acid sequence of the main peaks isolated from cheese ripened for 4 months were determined as follows; Tyr, Phe, Trp, αs1-CN(f1-7), (f1-9), (f1-13), (f1-14), (f1-16), (f1-17) and β-CN (f47-52). With the exception of β-CN (f47-52) and amino acid; these peptides were fragments contained in αs1-CN (f1-23) produced specifically by the action of chymosin. Therefore, it was considered that these N-terminal peptides of αs1-CN identified in the cheese, were produced from 23N-terminal residues of αs1-CN on the action of proteolytic enzyme from Lactic acid bacteria which existed in the cheese.View full abstractDownload PDF (256K) -
Kazuo KAWAKAMI, Kumiko TAKEDA, Akira ONISHI, Emiko NAKAJIMA, Masanori ...1997 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages 389-398
Published: April 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe reported a method based on PCR amplification with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) for SLA-typing, and new method for sizing of amplified fragments on the basis of difference of fluorescent dyes using automated DNA fragment analyzer. PCR-SSP method, sequence specific primers amplified only the complementary target allele. Identification of the allele is based on the presence or absence of amplified products observed after electrophoresis. We amplified of the first domain in the second exon of swine DRB 1 region of several pig breeds by PCR and determined the nucleotide sequences. We have designed several sets of primers with or without fluorescent label which will positively identify the sharing of sequence motifs between alleles.The products amplified with non-labeled primer were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis, and those with labeled primer were visualized by automated fluorescence detection on the ABI DNA Sequencer and analyzed with Genescan Analysis software. DNA samples from 30 DRB 1 clones and cDNA from 3 individuals have been typed by the PCR-SSP technique. PCR-SSP results obtained using non-labeled and labeled primer correlated well with each other. No false-positive or negative typing results were obtained. We have very promising preliminary data using this typing strategy for SLA-DRB 1 alleles. PCR-SSP typing method were used for many of the primer pairs in the SLA-DRB region. Due to the sharing of sequence motifs between alleles, this typing will not be truly allele-specific but rather be group-specific.View full abstractDownload PDF (2851K) -
Eisaburo DEGUCHI1997 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages 399-402
Published: April 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis experiment was carried out to examine the supporting rates of fore- and hind legs to the body weight (BW) in growing pigs and sows. For this purpose, 16 castrated male and 16 female growing pigs of Landrace and 10 sows of Landrace×Large White were used. The supporting rate of the forelegs and that of the hind legs in growing pigs and sows were determined by using the measurement apparatus for BW of pig. The error of method for this measurement was 1.27±2.66% with high precision. The supporting rate of the forelegs to the BW at 30kg, 60kg, 90kg and 105kg of BW in growing pigs was 53.2±1.5%, 52.0±2.0%, 50.8±2.4% and 51.4±2.6% and that of hind legs to BW was 46.8±1.5%, 48.0±2.0%, 49.2±2.4% and 48.6±2.6%, respectively. The supporting rates of forelegs to the BW at 90kg and 105kg of BW in pigs were significantly lower than fhose at 30kg and 60kg of BW (P<0.05), white the supporting rate of hind legs to BW was significantly higher in pigs of BW of 90kg and 105kg. These results show that the supporting rate of forelegs to the BW was inversely related with the BW in growing pigs. On the other hand, the supporting rates of forelegs to the BW at 108th day of pregnancy and at 23 days after parturition in sows were 53.7±2.2% and 53.9±1.8% and those of hind legs to BW were 46.3±2.1% and 46.1±1.8%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the supporting rate of forelegs or hind legs at 108th day of pregnancy and after 23 days of parturition. This shows that the supporting rate of both fore- and hind legs was not affected by pregnancy in sows.View full abstractDownload PDF (327K) -
Tadayoshi MITSUHASH, Mitsuru MITSUMOTO, Shinobu OZAWA1997 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages 403-413
Published: April 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThirty three Japanese Black steers were used to determine the effect of sire, roughage feeding condition in the first half of fattening period and the composition of the concentrate in the latter half of fattening period on the growth rate, carcass composition and fat content of longissimus muscle. Steers from two sires (Kumokawa 19: n=17, Hatsuyo 14: n=16) were allocated in high and low roughage feeding groups (steers fed roughage 55% of their TDN requirement (R): n=17, steers fed concentrate and roughage ad libitum (C): n=16) in the first half of fattening period from 9 to 17 months of age. In the latter half of fattening period from 17 months of age to the age obtaining three target body weights (550kg: n=9, 600kg: n=12, 650kg: n=12), animals were fed at two concentrate compositions (malnly flaked barley: n=17, malnly flaked corn: n=16). The sire group differed significantly in the amount of muscle (P<0.05), the weight of kidney fat (P<0.001) and the fat content of longissimus muscle (P<0.001). The sire group containing more muscle, had a lower weight of kidney fat and a lower fat content in the longissimus muscle. Cumulative TDN intake (P<0.001) and the body weight at 17 months of age (P<0.001) for R group were smaller than those for C group in the former half of fattening period, whereas the cumulative TDN intake for R group were larger than those for C group (P<0.01) and the growth rate for the two groups did not differ in the latter half of fattening period. It was highly significant (p<0.001) that the animals of heavier body weight at the start of fattening period (age 9 months) reached their target body weight earlier. Carcass muscle weight and bone weight for C group were significantly (<0.001) heavier than those for R group, whereas carcass fat weight and fat content of longissimus muscle did not differ between the groups. The concentrate fed in the latter half of fattening period tended to cause differences in the amounts of muscle and bone. The animals in the barley fed group tended to have larger amount of muscle (P=0.08) and bone (P=0.06) than those in the corn fed group. Significant interactions between sire and concentrate composition on the growth rate was observed. In the leaner sire group, the growth rate of those fed barley was significantly higher than those fed corn (P<0.01). Conversely in the fatter sire group, the growth rate of those fed corn was significantly larger than those fed barley (P<0.01). Although fat content of longissimus muscle differed at three different target body weights, correlation coefficient between the fat content and the body weight was not significant on a constant age. Correlation coefficient between the fat content of longissimus muscle and the age of steer was significant (<0.05) even on a constant body weight.View full abstractDownload PDF (753K) -
Application of High Pressure During the Processing of Uncooked and Fermented Hams with Pickle CuringTomoko TAKAHASHI, Seiichi HAGA1997 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages 414-419
Published: April 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe object of this study was to produce safe fermented hams with high pressurization. Porcine muscle (longissmus thoracis) were injected Lactobacillus sp. SK-1001(106cells/g). The meats were cured(3%salt, pickle curing) and fermented for one week at 5°C. The meats, namely fermented hams were treated for 5, 15 and 25min at 300MPa. The quality of fermented hams were assessed. The growth of undesirable bacteria in fermented hams was inhibited. Further, this effect was enhanced by pressurization. Lactic acid bacteria in fermented hams were decreased by pressurization, but did not die completely. After pressurization for ane week at 5°C, there was no change in the number of lactic acid bacteria in the fermented pressurized hams for up to 25min. The pH value of pressurized hams was higher than unpressurized. While the color of the fermented hams changed after pressurization: L∗ and H° value increased and a∗, b∗ and C∗value decreased with pressurization. In spite of the increased color forming ratio, the content of the residual nitrite in the fermented hams increased with pressurization. The water in fermented hams was separated by pressurization. From these results, it appears that fermented hams with pressurization are safe from microbes and benefit from inhibited excessive drop in pH. But we yet have to find a technique that does not separate the water in the fermented hams with pressurization.View full abstractDownload PDF (451K) -
Zhengwei FU, Shinji OHARA, Hisanori KATO, Kunio SUGAHARA, Tatsuo KUBO1997 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages 420-422
Published: April 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of retinoic acid (RA) on the testicular maturation in Japanese quail. Male quail were fed RA diet (RAD) or retinyl acetate diet (VAD) from hatching or after feeding with vitamin A-free diet (BD) for 1, 2 or 3 weeks. The testes and the cloacal gland grew more quickly in quail fed RAD than in those fed VAD at each experiment regardless of the periods of feeding with BD. However, there were not significant differences in testicular weights or in the cloacal sizes between the treatments at 6 weeks of age. These results indicate that RA accelerates the testicular maturation in Japanese quail.View full abstractDownload PDF (202K)
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