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Volume 82 (2011)
- Issue 4 Pages 371-
- Issue 3 Pages 297-
- Issue 2 Pages 125-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 82, Issue 4
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
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Haruo ORIBE, Hiromi UEDA, Kenji KAWASHIMA, Nozomu KAMATA, Mitsugu INOU ...2011 Volume 82 Issue 4 Pages 371-381
Published: November 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of two diets containing different levels of crude protein (CP), rumen-degradable protein (CPd) and rumen-undegradable protein (CPu) on growth performance and nitrogen balance were examined in 60 Holstein heifers. The experimental period was from 3 months of age until a body weight (BW) of 350kg was reached. Dietary energy treatments were designed to achieve average daily weight gains of 1.0kg/day. Two groups of heifers were assigned based on different CP levels : a low-CP (LP) group, n = 30 ; and a high-CP (HP) group, n = 30. The dietary CPu contents were 4.8% and 6.5% in heifers weighing ≤ 200kg in the LP and HP groups, respectively ; the dietary CPu contents were 3.7 %and 4.8% in heifers weighing > 200kg in the LP and HP groups, respectively. In the HP group, the time taken to reach a BW of 350 kg was 9.7days shorter than in the LP group, although this difference was not statistically significant. During the experimental period, daily BW gain and the gains in specific body parts did not differ between the two groups. Plasma urea nitrogen concentration was higher (P < 0.05) in the HP group than in the LP group. The ruminal ammonia-N level in the HP group was significantly higher than in the LP group (P < 0.01) when the BW was 300kg. A nitrogen balance test was conducted when the BW was 200kg and when it was 300kg. Nitrogen retention did not differ significantly between the groups, but nitrogen urinary excretion was greater (P < 0.05) in the HP group than in the LP group. MCP synthesis in the HP group was significantly higher than that in the LP group (P < 0.05) when the BW was 200kg. The metabolizable protein supply of the HP group was significantly higher than that of the LP group (P < 0.05) when the BW was 200kg and when it was 300kg. Therefore, when administering a high-energy diet to heifers, increased dietary CP and CPu did not affect the growth performance or nitrogen retention. The results showed that because most of the increased CPu is excreted in urine, CPu was not utilized efficiently for growth performance.View full abstractDownload PDF (952K) -
Mitsuru KAMIYA, Ikuo HATTORI, Tomoyuki SUZUKI, Takeo SAKAIGAICHI, Taka ...2011 Volume 82 Issue 4 Pages 383-390
Published: November 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis experiment evaluated the effects of 3 levels of sugarcane silage (0, 50 and 100% of forage) on feed intake and growth rate of Japanese Black steers (5 months of age, average BW : 174kg) during rearing period. Five steers were given oats hay (0% group), five steers were given a mixture of equal amount of oats hay and sugarcane silage on a fresh matter basis (50% group), and four steers were given sugarcane silage (100% group) for 5 months. Each steer fed ad libitum on the forage and the concentrate intake was gradually restricted from 2.1% to 1.5% of BW during rearing period. The average pH and V2-SCORE of sugarcane silage were 3.8 and 97, respectively. The NDF and ADF contents were 55 and 30% for oats hay and 73 and 45% for sugarcane silage, respectively. The dry matter (linear P < 0.10), forage (linear P < 0.05, quadratic P < 0.10), TDN (linear P < 0.05) and CP (linear P < 0.10) intake (kg/day) tended to show a high value in the 0% group or 50% group, and the lowest value in the 100% group. The dry matter (linear, P < 0.05 ; quadratic P < 0.05), forage (dry matter basis, linear, P < 0.01 ; quadratic P < 0.05) and TDN (linear, P < 0.01 ; quadratic P < 0.05) intake per body weight exhibited a high value in the 50% group and the lowest value in the 100% group. The CP intake per body weight (linear, P < 0.05 ; quadratic P < 0.10) tended to show a high value in the 0% group and in the 50% group, and the lowest value in the 100% group. Concentrate (dry matter basis, kg/day, %BW), NDF and ADF intake (kg/day, %BW) were not significantly different among treatments. The DG in the 0%, 50%, and 100% group was 1.10, 1.03 and 0.96 kg/day, respectively, which tended to show a linear decline as the proportion of sugarcane silage in the forage increased. The NDF and ADF intake(%BW) were 0.92 and 0.47% for the 0% group, 0.99 and 0.53% for the 50% group, and 0.88 and 0.50% for the 100% group, respectively. Therefore, the higher fiber content could be one factor responsible for the decline in forage intake. These results suggested that sugarcane silage was efficient for rearing Japanese Black steers when given in adequate amount of concentrate considering the latter's fiber content.View full abstractDownload PDF (697K) -
Akinori OSHIBE, Akiyo ISOJIMA, Hidenori KAWAMOTO, Miki SHIBUYA, Naoki ...2011 Volume 82 Issue 4 Pages 391-395
Published: November 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSalivary amylase activity (SAA) of 123 individuals from 36 families who participated in an animal-assisted feeding using sheep as models were measured in order to evaluate the effect of other domestic animal-assisted feeding on the physical status of the participants. For all the participants, SAA measured after participation did not significantly differ from that measured before participation. However, in the case of sons and daughters who are currently feeding animals, the SAA measured after participation was lesser than that measured before participation. In the case of mothers who had fed animals in the past but currently do not feed animals, the SAA measured after participation was greater than that measured before participation. The results indicate that age and gender affected the physical status of the individuals who participated in the animal-assisted event using sheep. The results also indicate that an experience in animal feeding influences the physical status of the participants.View full abstractDownload PDF (469K) -
Futoshi KOYAMA, Hidetaka MATSUBARA, Yayoi IMAMURA, Takeshi ONOUE, Ryui ...2011 Volume 82 Issue 4 Pages 397-404
Published: November 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo develop technology for deodorizing swine manure facility, which odor raises a number of complaints, the volatile compound of swine manure in the facility was investigated using gas-chromatograph and gaschromatograph mass spectrometry. Ammonia, trimethyl amine, sulphide, volatile fatty acids, phenols and indoles were detected in the swine manure. The detected odor components were remarkably decreased in swine manure added with maturated compost. After swine manure was piled in an aeration chamber for 15 days, the concentrations of ammonia, trimethyl amine, methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide decreased. Therefore, it is most important that swine manure is mixed with maturated compost and aerated immediately to deodorize the facility.View full abstractDownload PDF (775K) -
Yasuo TANAKA, Takahiro YAMASHITA, Akifumi OGINO2011 Volume 82 Issue 4 Pages 405-411
Published: November 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn easy to control and stable performance aerobic biological treatment apparatus for dairy farming wastewater was developed. The apparatus consisted of aerobic reactor filled with sphere-shaped perlite particles (3-1.5mm in diameter) made from obsidian, and clarifier for separating excess sludge generated from the reactor. The reactor used for the experiment was 40cm in diameter and 200cm in height (effective volume 128L). Thirty liters (nominal volume) of perlite was filled in the reactor. Aeration was carried out from the bottom of the reactor with aeration intensity of 1∼9m3/m3·h. Wastewater discharged from dairy cow barn was fed to the reactor continuously from the bottom layer after separation of coarse suspended solids with screw-press type dehydrator. Concentration of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of the influent was 2231 ± 1278mg/L. Hydraulic retention time was about 0.4 ± 0.2 day (Ave. ± SD). Mixture liquid in the reactor was discharged by a tube pump continuously and fed to a clarifier. Overflow liquid from the clarifier was collected as effluent. Experiment was carried out for about 300 days without temperature control. The results suggest that to maintain effluent BOD of less than 120mg/L throughout a year, BOD volumetric load should be kept less than 0.5kg/m3·day. Influent total nitrogen concentration was 135 ± 40mg/L. Removal rate of total nitrogen was 69% in average and more than 80% when water temperature was higher than 15°C. It tended to increase slightly when aeration intensity was about 4m3/m3·h. To evaluate inhibitory effect of sanitation agents used for milking facilities on biological purification activity, laboratory experiment using mixed liquor collected from the reactor was carried out. The results suggest that chlorine disinfectant, acid rinse agent and alkaline detergent cleaner had no inhibitory effect when they were diluted after used with recommended concentrations more than 25, 5 and 25 times, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (751K)
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