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Volume 60, Issue 3
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Ryozo TAKADA, Toru MORI1989 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 231-235
Published: March 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of feeding frequency on the utilization of added L-lysine hydrochloride and on the digestibility of the diet were studied in pigs weighing 35kg. The feeding regimes were once daily, three times daily or eight times daily. Digestion trials and nitrogen balance tests were carried out with a basal diet (lysine deficient, 0.47%) and a lysine supplemented diet (0.71%). The digestibilities of crude protein and crude fat in pigs fed a basal diet tended to be lower than those in pigs fed a lysine supplemented diet. Feeding frequency had no effect on the digestibility of both basal and lysine supplemented diets. A nitrogen balance test indicated that feeding frequency effected the urinary nitrogen excretion in pigs fed a lysine supplemented diet, but did not in pigs fed a basal diet. The urinary nitrogen excretion in pigs fed a lysine supplemented diet with once daily feeding was higher than with eight times daily feeding. The utilization of added lysine with once daily feeding was only 53% of that obtained with eight times daily feeding. It was concluded that feeding frequency affected the utilization of added lysine and that the efficiency of utilization of added lysine was poorer with once daily feeding than with eight times daily feeding.View full abstractDownload PDF (376K) -
Masaharu MANDA, Mitsunori SATOU, Ichirou KUROHIJI1989 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 236-239
Published: March 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe behavioral responses of 21 milking cows to electric-fence tapes in different colors were studied in order to select an effective color to keep them inside a paddock. Seven electric-fence tapes, colored in white, red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet were used. Each cow was introduced to a raceway in which a color tape was strung across the pathway 30m ahead. The distances at which cows hesitated to walk and at which they stopped walking from each tape color were recorded individually. The design of this experiment was 7×7Latin square having 7 colors and 7 groups of cows. Each group consisted of 3 cows. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The most effective tape color was red followed by blue, white, orange, yellow, green and violet (P<0.05). 2) Cows showed marked individuality in distance seen to different colors (P<0.01).View full abstractDownload PDF (299K) -
Yohei MIYAMOTO, Hajime MIYAMOTO1989 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 240-245
Published: March 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA relation between the mandibular gland and obesity in mammal was histologically studied by goldthioglucose (GTG)-treated obese mice. The mandibular gland weight of obese mice tended to be smaller than that of control mice. Morphometry resulted that the relative acinus volumes in the glands of obese mice were increased and the relative granular convoluted tubule (GCT) volumes in those were decreased. The appearance of degenerating acinar cells, and an increase in the diameter of secretory granules and a decrease in the number of middle-sized granules in GCT cells were observed in obese mice by an electron microscope. The morphological changes of mandibular gland in obese mice may be caused by over-secretion of saliva for hyperphagia, and by inhibition of sympathetic nerve and stimulation of parasympathetic nerve induced by ventromedial hypothalamic lesion with GTG-treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (978K) -
Keiichi SUZUKI, Satoshi UJIIE, Yasuo ASANO1989 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 246-254
Published: March 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to evaluate suitability as a testing environment for restricted and full feeding regimes in genetic improvement. for growth and meat production, the interaction of the genotype (sire) with feeding regimes was assessed and genetic parameters under both feeding regimes were estimated. A total of 186 Landrace male piglets from 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th generations of selection were divided into two groups of full and restricted feeding and were individually penned. The daily gain and food consumpton from 30kg to 90kg of body weight and the backfat thickness and eye muscle area at 90kg of body weight were measured. Favorable improvement was made in the selection traits of daily gain and backfat thickness with selection under both feeding conditions. An interaction was established between generation and feeding regime in regard to daily food intake and the food conversion ratio. That is, the daily food intake was constant under restricted feeding with generation. Conversely, it increased under full feeding. The food conversion ratio (FCR) of both feedings decreased with selection, while the FCR of restricted feeding was higher than that of full feeding in early generation. But, it decreased rapidly with generation in restricted feeding, and its value inverted between full and restricted feeding. In order to identify the interaction of genotype with feeding in regard to growth and meat production traits, their genetic correlations between restricted and full feedings were estimated. The daily food intake was estimated as 0.476. This suggests a genotype with feeding interaction. But no interaction was detected with other traits. There were similar tendencies concerning genetic parameters, as reported previously. Further investigation is necessary, with more sample data.View full abstractDownload PDF (714K) -
Hajime MIYAMOTO, Makiko MIKASA, Takehiko ISHIBASHI1989 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 255-260
Published: March 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe distribution of Langerhans-islets and B-cells in pancreas was investigated in pig and the crossbred of pig×wild boar. The pancreas makes its appearance as two buds originating from the endodermal epithelium of the duodenum, namely, a ventral bud and a dorsal bud. The pancreases of most mammals show a very uneven distribution of endocrine cell types in Langerhans-islets. In this study, for specific staining of B-cell granules, paraffin sections from each pancreas were treated by Maski's modified aldehyde fuchsin staining method. The volume density was calculated according to the point counting method. The Langerhans-islets in pig and the crossbred of pig×wild boar distributed throughout the entire pancreas, but relatively more in the ventral lobe. The volume density of Langerhans-islets was 1.05-1.16% in the ventral lobe and 0.74-0.92% in the dorsal lobe. The B-cells were distributed throughout the islets, with many located at the center of the islets. The volume density of B-cells was 91.06-95.45% in the ventral lobe and 82.78-91.40% in the dorsal lobe. From these results, we concluded that the B-cells mostly located in the center of the islets in pig and the crossbred of pig×wild boar similary as man, rat and rabbit.The results also suggest that the vessels are designed to lead blood from the periphery to the center of the islets in pig and the crossbred of pig×wild boar.View full abstractDownload PDF (980K) -
Hisao IWAMOTO, Yoshitaka ONO, Hiroshi KAWAIDA, Hitoshi TAKAHARA1989 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 261-272
Published: March 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study deals with the histochemical fiber composition of the longissimus muscle in Berkshire pigs, which have been bred in Kagoshima prefecture for several decades. The Berkshire pigs materials were excised from 15 portions of the muscle in the dorsal, central, ventral, medial and lateral portions on the level of the sixth thoracic, the 11th thoracic and the fifth lumbar vertebrae, and those of the Hampshire and Duroc pigs only from the central portion on the level of the 11th thoracic vertebra. Serial frozen cross sections of said muscle portions were treated with histochemical methods for myosin ATPase, NADH-dehydrogenase, phosphorylase and glycogen. The results obtained from this study are as follows: In the muscle of Berkshire pigs, all three fundamental fiber types, namely βR, αR and αW types, were observed, and three quarters of the muscle fibers showed the histochemical reactions characteristic of type αW fibers in almost all portions. One exceptional portion was the ventral on the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra, wherein about half of the muscle fibers had a character of type, βR fibers. But the percentage distribution of fiber types in this portion exhibited a very large deviation for each individual pig. Breed differences via fiber composition were also observed in the central portion on the level of the 11th thoracic vertebra. Type αW fibers existed significantly in a higher frequency, conversely, type αR and βR fibers in a lower frequency in the muscle of Berkshire compared to those of Hampshire and Duroc pigs. The mean diameters of type αW and αR fibers were smallest in Berkshire pigs of all breeds used in this study. But the longissimus muscle in the Berkshire showed almost the same weight as that of the Hampshire, which had the largest muscle of all breeds. These results suggest that the longissimus muscle of Berkshire pigs contained plenty of small αW fibers, and that the Berkshire pigs produced different quality meats from the other breeds.View full abstractDownload PDF (2610K) -
Toshio OSHIDA, Ryoichi SAKATA, Tsuguaki FUKUYASU, Ryuko KOHZAKI, Shini ...1989 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 273-278
Published: March 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of by-products in the form of pellets on the meat production of fattening pigs were investigated. A trial group (5 head) was given feed in which pellets (fermented slaughterhouse residuum 90%: blood meal 5%: ground fresh pig bone 5%) were mixed with formula feed in a 20:80 ratio. A control group was provided only formula feed (5 head). The feeding program was carried out for 56 days after which the pigs were slaughtered all at 194 days of age. The left side of each carcass was used in the performance tests on meat production. A loin sample was analyzed for determination of physicochemical characteristics. The chemical composition and processing quality of the meat were investigated using a cooked cured loin roll. Sensory evaluation was also performed according to the method of Scheffe. The following results were obtained. 1) Carcass quality: A macrofinding showed the carcasses of all the pigs to be normal. Their quality was basically the same in all cases. There were no significant differences between the trial and control groups. 2) Meat quality: The physicochemical characteristics and processing quality of the meat were also investigated. There were no significant differences between the trial and control groups in regard to meat quality. 3) Sensory evaluation: Panels consisted of 30 girl students. Loin meat, shabushabu, as well as the loin roll of the trial and control groups were compared for color, order, tenderness, flavor and given total evaluations. No significant differences could be found between the two groups. The data of the present research confirm the possibility of using slaughterhouse residuum, blood meal and ground fresh pig bone as sources of pig feed.View full abstractDownload PDF (392K) -
Tohru MATSUI, Masaki KAWADA, Tadashi HARUMOTO1989 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 279-285
Published: March 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo determine whether chlorophylls and their related substances were appropriate for indicators of pasture grass intake, amounts of native and converted pheophytins by HCl treatment from chlorophylls (total pheophytins) in feed and feces were measured in two wethers fed fresh oat forage and fresh Italian ryegrass forage. Recoveries of chromogen, which was measured by the absorbance at 410nm and thought to consist of chlorophylls and pheophytins mainly, were 90 and 120% when sheep were fed oat forage and Italian ryegrass forage, respectively. On the other hand, recoveries of total pheophytins were very low. Thin layer chromatographs of intact and acid treated forage showed that absorbances at 410nm were mainly due to chlorophyll a and pheophytin a in both forages and that chlorophyll a and b were perfectly changed by HCl treatment into pheophytin a and b, respectively. There were few chlorophylls in feces. Pheophytins and pigments which did not exist in forages, accounted for about 50% and 35% of the total absorbance of fecal pigments, respectively. The absorption spectra of chlorophyll a and pheophytin a indicated that pheophytin a had 150% higher absorbance than chlorophyll a at 410nm. From these results, it is suggested that chlorophylls and their related substances are changed into absorbable form in the digestive tract and these pigments are not suitable for indicators of pasture grass intake. Chromogen recovery is overestimated by the conversion of chlorophyll a into pheophytin a in the digestive tract and by the existence in fecal pigments which are not found in forages, which suggests that chromogen is not suitable for an indicator of pasture grass intake.View full abstractDownload PDF (438K) -
Junjiro SEKINE, Ziro MORITA, Ryozo OURA, Yasushi ASAHIDA1989 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 286-291
Published: March 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDigestible, metabolizable and net energy values for orchardgrass hay harvested at the first defoliation (1st cut) and regrowth (2nd cut) were evaluated in order to obtain information on the nutritive values of a diet for growing calves. Metabolism trials were carried out with 6-mo.-old castrated male calves. The results obtained were as follows: 1) There were no significant differences in mean digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, cellular contents and acid detergent fiber between 1st and 2nd cut hay. 2) Crude protein, cell wall constituents and hemicellulose in 2nd cut hay were significantly more digestible than those in 1st cut hay. 3) Energy digestibility was significantly correlated with digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, cellular contents and crude protein. The metabolizability of energy was also significantly correlated with energy digestibility. 4) Net energy for growth was estimated to be 0.73MJ/kg DM and 1.28MJ/kg DM for the 1st and 2nd cut hay used in the present study.View full abstractDownload PDF (353K) -
Amelia ELIZEBAH MARANGKEY, Kei KATAOKA, Taku MIYAMOTO, Toshitaka NAKAE1989 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 292-299
Published: March 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBacterial flora of ground beef patties inoculated with starter culture (Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus plantarum or Micrococcus sp.) were investigated during incubation at 30°C and cold storage at 5°C. The pH values of beef patties treated with 1% lactic cultures at 30°C declined with increasing culture activity for incubation up to 48hrs. The inoculation of lactic cultures in meat patties greatly suppressed the growth of spoilage bacteria such as micrococci, staphylococci, gram-negative bacteria and coliforms. The inhibitory ratio (except for coliforms) was greater than 99.8% at the end of a 48hr incubation. However, a starter station of Micrococcus sp. did not show any appeciable inhibitory effect. Beef patties incubated with lactic cultures at 30°C for 8hrs showed pH values of about 5.5 and lactic acid bacterial counts of 108 level per gram of patty. When the patties were stored at 5°C, the suppressive action against the growth of gram-negative bacteria was observed at the end of a 5 day storage period. On the other hand, patties immediately stored at 5°C after inoculation of lactic cultures showed a weak inhibitory effect against gramnegative bacteria.View full abstractDownload PDF (445K) -
Fuminori TERADA, Hiroyuki ABE, Juan Boo LIANG, Isamu HAMAGUCHI, Fumihi ...1989 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 300-302
Published: March 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (209K) -
Akira WATANABE, Yuji TAKIMOTO, Kouichi NISHIMURA, Eisaku TSUNEISHI1989 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 303-305
Published: March 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (191K) -
Kouichi UDAGAWA, Kazutaka MORIMOTO, Ziro MORITA, Akihiro KURIHARA, Yuk ...1989 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 306-308
Published: March 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (215K) -
Yasuyuki KANNAN, Jun KANDA1989 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 309-312
Published: March 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1058K)
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