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Volume 41, Issue 7
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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III. On the distribtion of blood vessels of the ovarian stroma of the laying henTomohiro ORIBE1970 Volume 41 Issue 7 Pages 329-335
Published: July 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStudies on blood vessels distributed in the ovarian stroma of laying hen have been performed, using the cross and horizontal section of the ovary into which color material was injected.
1. On the state of the entering of the main trunk of blood vessels running to the ovary, this finding of the ovarian artery and the anterior ovarian vein agreed with the previous reports of other investigators, but the post ovarian vein was found to be consisted of some venous branches and to stream into the portion between the postcaval vein and the left iliac vein.
2. In the ovarian hilus, as soon as the arteries entered the ovarian storoma, they showed the state of running of meandering, and ramified several arterial branches in this portion and ran to some ovarian stromata separated in a leaf shape. Veins were gathered to the hilus from these ovarian stromata, anastomosed at the dorsal side of ovary, and became a thick anterior ovarian vein.
3. In the ovarian medulla, the state of running of the arteries showed winding like a spiral shape. Arteries in some separated ovarian storomata containing the mature follicle were larger in their diameters and showed a slow winding in the state of running. While, in some ovarian stromata with the immature follicle, arteries had smaller diameters and presented the state of running with winding in a remarkable degree. Veins formed a venous network in the ovarian cortex, gathered into the tree shape and grew to the thick vein, and afterwards ran straight in the medulla.
4. In the ovarian cortex, while arteries ran in the medulla, they gave off the several arterial branches into the cortex, and these branches gradually became thin near the ovarian free edge, but they usually ran winding. Veins became venous capillary in this portion and formed a venous network under the ovarian epithelium. Many arteriovenous anastomosis were seen around the wall of follicle contained in the cortex.View full abstractDownload PDF (1647K) -
I. Toxicities on the chickKiyomi KOGA, Hiroshi WATANABE, Yoshiteru MOCHIDA, Sakuji HIRATSUKA1970 Volume 41 Issue 7 Pages 336-342
Published: July 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the spring of 1968, a heavy toxicosis of broilers and layers broke out in the broad area of West Japan, owing to the ingestion of certain commercial feeds for poultry.
The cause of the toxication was found to originate from a certain by-product of rice oil rendering added to the feed, after the elimination of all possibilities existing in other ingredients.
This kind of by-products was commonly produced by the neutralization of soap stocks which were formed at the alkali-refining process of raw oils extracted from rice bran, and toxic one was derived only from a particular lot of a particular renderer, while others of the similar process being nontoxic to the bird.
The authors, with the objective to investigate the toxic principle in a toxic by-product (named toxic fat or TF in this paper), conducted several tests using chicks to reconfirm the toxicity of TF in the first report of the studies.
The results obtained were as follows:
1. Chicks fed diets containing TF showed the following appearances: droopiness, ruffled feathers, labored breathing, retardation of growth, decrease of feed intake, high morbidity and mortality. Autopsy findings revealed hydropericardium, subcutaneous edema, accumulation of ascites and pathological changes of internal organs. This syndrome differed from other known diseases and was closely resembled to that of so-called chick edema disease (SCHMITTLE et al. and SANGER et al., 1958).
2. Toxic symptoms described above were found among the chicks fed the unsaponifiable fraction of TF and not the saponifiable fraction.
3. According to the result of chick bioassay by the A. O. A. C. method, TF tested was interpreted to contain "chick edema factor".View full abstractDownload PDF (906K) -
V. Investigation of artificial buffer solution for cultivation of ciliatesRyoji ONODERA, Makoto KANDATSU1970 Volume 41 Issue 7 Pages 343-348
Published: July 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSArtificial buffer solution and protein-free medium to investigate the endogenous nitrogen compounds of rumen ciliates were tested.
With regard to the tonicity, it was found that concentration of buffer solution equivalent to 0.250M sucrose solution was isotonic to ciliates.
Owing to the intense catabolism of ciliates, pH value of culture medium which had been used widely became extremely low during incubation. To prevent the decrease of pH, the buffer solution having high buffering capacity which maintained pH at 6.4 even after 12hr. incubation was prepared. The buffer solution was called B-9 and its compositions are as follows:
NaCl; 2.6, KCl; 0.2, CaCl2•2H2O; 0.1, MgSO4•7H2O; 0.1, KH2PO4; 2.0, Na2HPO4•12 H2O; 15 (g/l)
The solution was bubbled with mixed gas of N2+CO2 (85:15) and adjusted pH at 6.8.
After 24hr. incubation of ciliates in B-9, organic nutrient-free medium, ciliates maintained active motility and the corpses of ciliates, its fragments and turbidity of the medium were not found.
After 12hr. incubation of ciliates in C2 medium (B-9+glucose, 3g/l+starch, 1.5g/l+cellulose powder, 1.5g/l), pH value was also maintained at 6.3.
Determination of non-protein nitrogen increment in both B-9 and C1 (B-9+glucose, 1g/l+starch, 0.5g/1) medium at every 3 hr. incubation of ciliates showed that their values are constant. Therefore, it seemed to us that the nitrogen compounds excreted even at the first period of incubation might be the endogenous nitrogen compounds upon which food taken previously by ciliates did not influence.View full abstractDownload PDF (412K) -
VI. Endogenous nitrogen compounds of rumen ciliatesRyoji ONODERA, Makoto KANDATSU1970 Volume 41 Issue 7 Pages 349-357
Published: July 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEndogenous nitrogen compounds of rumen ciliate protozoa were examined.
About 40% of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) endogenously liberated into the medium was ammonia-N and also about 40% was present as free amino acids. Small amount of peptide-N was also detected. It was confirmed that these nitrogen compounds were liberated in the culture medium not as a result of break and/or autolysis of dead ciliates but as a result of endogenous nitrogen metabolism of ciliates.
Among amino acids of the endogenous NPN, alanine was most abundant and followed with proline, glutamic acid, lysine and valine. And the pattern of amino acids was almost equal even when carbohydrates were added into medium.
Comparing the pattern of endogenous amino acids liberated into the medium with that of free amino acids in protozoan body, the most remarkable difference was the high value with the latter for aspartic acid. Therefore, it was thought that rumen ciliates have a selectivity in ingestion and/or excretion of amino acids, but as a whole, the amount of amino acids ingested was less than that of the excreted because of accumulation of amino acids in the medium.
Ninhydrin blue unknown spot (US-1) of the endogenous amino acids of rumen ciliates was detected by paper chromatography, and the US-1 had already been identified as L-(-)-pipecolic acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (629K) -
Removing bias caused by cullingTakeo ABE, Masayuki JIMBU, Akira NISHIDA1970 Volume 41 Issue 7 Pages 358-363
Published: July 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen estimation of growth curve is based on the live weight data, or any body measurement data, taken on a group of animals at certain successive ages, a difficulty lies in the fact that, in most herds, more or less culling is practised in the course of animals' growth, so that the means in later stages of observation tend to suffer biases resulting from cullings at earlier ages.
Conditions for the use of paired comparison method in estimating the average growth between successive ages as a basis of adjusting the mean at each age to be effective in removing the biases caused by the earlier culling were studied theoretically. Results showed that the efficiency of this method in removing bias depends upon the regression of the value at the age for which mean is considered on that at the age when culling is practised. If this regression is unity, complete removal of the bias is to be expected.
In view that, in most animals and characters usually observed with respect to growth, a larger part of the regressions of values at later ages on those at earlier ages are unlikely to be far from unity, relatively high efficiency of this method is anticipated. As an example to testify this point, actual data of live body weights of mice were used.
Three kinds of means at each of the fifteen different ages from birth up to 70 days, i. e. the mean when no culling is made, the simple mean for remaining animals at the age concerned when paper cullings are practised at many stages, and the "adjusted mean" by the use of paired comparison, were computed and compared. The "adjusted mean" showed a satisfactory, at least from practical standpoint, approximation at all ages to the mean when culling is not practised, while simple mean deviated considerably from the latter with advance of age.View full abstractDownload PDF (391K) -
IV. Genetic determination of the serum transferrin, pre-albumin, hemopexin, ceruloplasmin and amylase variants in pigsTakao OISHI, Tsuneo ABE, Kazushige MOGI1970 Volume 41 Issue 7 Pages 364-371
Published: July 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this experiment, genetic variation of some serum proteins in pigs was studied in order to use as marker genes. By means of starch gel electrophoresis, the serum samples from 109 matings with 481 piglets were examined. In the first place, the electrophoresis methods causing the best separation in some serum proteins were established. In the second place, the variability of transferrin, pre-albumin, hemopexin, ceruloplasmin and amylase (=X protein) fractions in pigs reared in Japan were investigated and the genetic control of these proteins was proved from the family data.
The results were summarized as follows:
1) The kind of buffer system especially had more important influence on the separation of serum proteins than other electrophoretic conditions. The buffer systems which caused the best separation in each serum protein were the following discontineous systems. For transferrins, the electrode buffer was 0.3M boric acid+0.1M NaOH (pH8.7), while the gel buffer was 0.021M Tris+0.018M HCl (pH7.4). For the other proteins, the electrode buffer was the same as that for transferrins, while the gel buffer was 0.021M Tris+0.018M HCl (pH7.4) or 0.020M Tris+0.004M citric acid (pH7.9) for pre-albumins, 0, 021M Tris+0.018M HCl (pH7.4) or 0.014M Tris+0.004M citric acid (pH7.5) for hemopexins, ceruloplasmins and amylases.
2) In the above five serum proteins, the considerable variations were found in European pigs reared in Japan. There were the following variants in each protein: Tf-A, Tf-B and Tf-Dchiba in transferrins, Pa-A and Pa-B in pre-albumins, Hp-0, Hp-1F, Hp-1, Hp-2 and Hp-3 in hemopexins, Cp-a and Cp-b in ceruloplasmins and Am-A, Am-B, Am-C and Am-X in amylases. It was proved by the family data that these variants were controlled by the co-dominant alleles belonging to the five different loci, respectively. However, it was supposed that Tf-Dchiba variant in transferrin locus was the product by a mutant gene.
3) It was possible to detect the four or five serum protein types at the same running electrophoresis by cutting the gel into three slices.View full abstractDownload PDF (2057K) -
Kahei SATOH1970 Volume 41 Issue 7 Pages 372-374
Published: July 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProlaction, ACTH and oxytocin are known to retard mammary involution following weaning (see for review, ÔTA6)). On the other hand, the effects of ovarian hormones on mammary involution are not always conclusive, although there are some studies on this problem2, 4-6, 9) in which the time of removal of the litter and the does of hormones employed were various. The present study was carried out in order to estimate the effects of estrogen and progesterone on the retardation of mammary involution in the mouse after removing the suckling young.View full abstractDownload PDF (574K)
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