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Volume 57, Issue 7
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Shosaku YOSHIMEKI, Toshihiko NAKAO, Masaharu MORIYOSHI, Keiichiro KAWA ...1986 Volume 57 Issue 7 Pages 553-560
Published: July 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationships among energy and protein intake, milk yield, body weight, and ovarian activity were investigated in postpartum Holstein cows with high milk production. Twenty-two Holstein cows with 8, 672±259(mean±SD)kg of 305-days average milk yield in the last (1st-6th) lactation were used. Milk progesterone levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay three times weekly for 70 days postpartum to estimate the day of first ovulation. Average 4% FCM yield per day during the 70 days in these cows was 35.8±0.6kg, reaching a peak (38.0±0.6kg) at around 30 days after calving. Levels of TDN and DCP intake for the 70 days period were averaged in 88±3% and 104±50%. In 20 of the 22 cows, ovarian cycles were reestablished within 70 days after calving. Average interval from parturition to the first ovulation in these cows was 26±2 days. The days of the first ovulation after calving (Y) was significantly correlated with average TDN (X) (r=-0.54, P<0.02) and DCP (X) (r=-0.64, P<0.02) levels and body weight loss during the first 6 weeks postpartum (X) (r=0.59, P<0.01). No significant correlation was observed between the days of first ovulation and average FCM yield during the first 3 weeks postpartum. These results indicate that levels of TDN and DCP intake, rather than milk yield, significantly influence the commencement of postpartum ovarian activity in high-producing dairy cows.View full abstractDownload PDF (586K) -
Tadashi KYUMA, Shoji TANAKA, Masayoshi TAKAHASHI, Miharu YONAI1986 Volume 57 Issue 7 Pages 561-567
Published: July 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn oder to elucidate age-related changes in the humoral immunity of beef cattle, IgG1, IgG2, IgA, and IgM levels in the serum and colostrum, and the yield of colostrum were determined in heifers and cows of Japanese Black and Japanese Shorthorn at various ages from 6 months to 14 years of age. Serum Ig levels increased remarkably up to 28±5mg/ml for Japanese Black and 33±6mg/ml for Japanese Shorthorn over 12 years of age, and those increases were markdly high during the first 4 years of age. The shapes of the changes in serum Igs with age were different for each Ig classes and breeds. There was a marked increase in IgG2 concentration in serum compared with small increase in IgG1 and IgA during the normal life span, but there was no apprent effect of age on IgM concentration. Three Ig classes in colostrum except for IgG2 were higher than those in serum, but those levels decreased rapidly to the levels in normal milk within 3 days after parturition. Significant differences between breeds and age were found in Igs concentration and in yield of colostrum. Japanese Shorthorn had higher colostrum yield but had lower Igs level in colostrum. On the other hand, Igs level in colostrum and yield of colostrum were significantly higher in older cows than that in younger cows. These results indicate that the humoral immunity in beef heifer developes with age and come to immunological maturity until about 4 years of age. The data also suggest that the neonatal calves from older cows may acquire more passive immunity than those from younger cows as a result of age-related development of the dam's humoral immunity.View full abstractDownload PDF (509K) -
Tadashi KYUMA, Shoji TANAKA, Masayoshi TAKAHASHI, Miharu YONAI1986 Volume 57 Issue 7 Pages 568-574
Published: July 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis experiment was carried out to examine the developmental change in IgA secretory function in the salivary glands with the aging of calves. The concentration of Igs in the serum, saliva and salivary glands collected from calves up to 52 weeks of age were measured. The population and types of plasma cells in the salivary glands were also investigated using immunohistochemical procedure. There was a continuous increase in IgA concentration with age in the mixed saliva and submaxillary glands as early as 4 weeks of age, whereas no obvious increases were observed in the serum or parotid glands. Mean IgA concentration in the submaxillary glands at 52 weeks of age was 14.9±6.2mg/g of dry tissue, comprising 70% or more of the total Igs. On the other hand, a large number of plasma cells was detected in the submaxillary glands at 4 weeks of age, after which those populations increased continuously until 52 weeks of age, whereas plasma cells in the parotid glands were almost completely absent at all weeks of age. Immunohistochemical study showed that the major cell type was an IgA producing cell infiltrated in the submaxillary glands with the aging of calves.View full abstractDownload PDF (1031K) -
Yoshitaka NAGAMINE, Takashi HAYASHI, Akira NISHIDA1986 Volume 57 Issue 7 Pages 575-580
Published: July 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlmost all fattened Japanese black cattle are produced on small scale farms which raise less than 20 fattening cattle. However, lately there has been an increase in the number of farms with more than 100 fattening cattle. Since feeding and management in large scale farms were presumably different from those of ordinary small scale farms, we analyzed progeny data from large and small scale farms separately to evaluate the breeding value of 10 popular Japanese black sires in Iwate Prefecture. The breeding value of these sires was calculated as EPD, expected progeny difference, by Henderson's BLUP including the relationship matrix. The ratio of error variance to sire variance used in BLUP was calculated by Harvey's LSML 76. Progeny data from small scale farms were collected in both 1979 and 1980 on 1, 286 steers, and those from large scale farms were obtained during 1979 to 1983 on 717 steers. The evaluated traits were: feeder cattle cost, sale price (of fattened cattle), concentrate cost (of fattened cattle), fattening period, DG (average daily gain during fattening period), carcass weight, price per kilogram (carcass weight) and sale profit. The least square means of DG on large scale farms was superior to that on small scale farms. There was no difference in carcass weight between them, but price per kilogram 'on small scale farms was higher than that on large scale farms. The sires were ranked on EPD of each trait in both sets of data. Spearman's rank correlations between DG and sale price, DG and sale profit were 0.88 and 0.92 respectively on large scale farms but these were only 0.25 and 0.58 on small scale farms. On the other hand, correlations between price per kilogram and sale price, price per kilogram and sale profit were 0.66 and 0.42 on large scale farms but these rose to 0.88 and 0.60 on small scale farms. The results indicate that the sire with high EPD for DG brought substantial profit for large scale farming. The progeny of sires ranked highly in price per kilogram carcass weight, which means steer characterized with high marbling traits, are needed on small scale farms. Genotype-environment interaction should be taken into account when sires are evaluated on the data from different environments.View full abstractDownload PDF (449K) -
Toshiko ISHIBASHI, Hitoshi TAKAHARA1986 Volume 57 Issue 7 Pages 581-586
Published: July 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to identify PRL cells in Gifu native fowls which retain intensive broodiness by an immunocytochemical technique and to demonstrate their ultrastructural characteristics. By light microscopic immunocytochemistry using an peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, it was confirmed that PRL cells were located at the cephalic lobe and increased markedly in number in broody hens. By electron microscopic immunocytochemistry using an immunoglobulin-gold complex method, it was demonstrated that PRL cells contained round or oval secretory granules of low density with diameters ranging from 200-300nm in laying hens and 250-500 or 600nm in broody hens. The ultrastructures of PRL cells in the broody hens were characterized by their well developed cell organelles, i. e. densely packed rough endoplasmic reticulum with parallel arranged lamellae, abundant free or attached ribosomes and prominent Golgi apparatus actively forming the granules. These findings suggest high protein synthesis and active hormone secretion of PRL cells during the broody period.View full abstractDownload PDF (1756K) -
Ryo INOUE1986 Volume 57 Issue 7 Pages 587-592
Published: July 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSData on 1313 beef steers of the Okayama strain of Japanese Black cattle were analyzed to estimate the effect of paternal and maternal pedigree structure on the marbling score of their carcasses. Three groups of ancestors were selected from ancestors that had genetically contributed at least 2% to the dams of the steers. The ancestors were also selected so that one ancestor was not a linear ascendant of any other ancestor within the same group. The sum of the genetic contribution of an ancestor to the sire and that to the dam (SGC), and the absolute value of the difference between the genetic contribution of an ancestor to the sire and that to the dam (DGC) were calculated for each ancestor. SGC and DGC for each ancestor within a group were used as independent variables with inbreeding of steers and their sires and dams, and age in days in the least-squares analysis of variance. Partial regressions of SGC were significantly positive on four of nine A-group ancestors, on two of seven B-group ancestors, and on two of seven C-group ancestors in the respective analysis. All ancestors which were found to have a positive effect in the analysis using B and C-group ancestors were linear descendants of ancestors which were found to have a similar effect in the analysis using A-group ancestors. This means that the selection of sire and dam which have been highly contributed to by these ancestors will be effective in improving the marbling score of beef steers in the Okayama strain. Partial regressions of DGC were significantly positive on one of nine A-group ancestors, although these were significantly negative on three of nine ancestors in the same analysis. These facts mean that non-additive effects of genes on the marbling score should not be ignored in breeding. It is recommended, therefore, for the Okayama strain to breed at least three sub-strains which were highly contributed to by any ancestor which had a positive effect on DGC, and to produce commercial stock efficiently by rotational mating.View full abstractDownload PDF (531K) -
Akihiro OKITANI, Toshihide NISHIMURA, Shigenobu KANEKO, Akira CHIJIIWA ...1986 Volume 57 Issue 7 Pages 593-600
Published: July 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLately, the import of hybrid pigs from Netherlands and U. S. A. etc. is increasing gradually. Hypor is the hybrid pig from four synthetic lines developed by Euribrid B. V. Co., the Netherlands. The objective of this work was to determine chemical compositions of meats from Hypor and triple crossbred pigs [(Landrace×Large White)×Hampshire](abbreviated as LWH)predominantly produced in Japan for the comparison of both meat qualities. Pork loins and bellies were obtained from four castrateds (HC) and four gilts (HG) of the former and the latter (CC and CG), and were stored at 4°C for 5 and 6 days, respectively. No significant differences between Hypor and LWH muscles existed in moisture, protein and fat contents. Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids comprised 21.9, 11.7, 53.6, 10.1 and 1.4% of the total fatty acids of total lipids respectively in Hypor loins and 22.1, 10.9, 54.5, 9.7 and 1.4% respectively, in Hypor bellies. Both muscles from Hypor were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the relative content of linoleic acid than those from LWH, and bellies from Hypor were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the relative content of linolenic acid than those from LWH. Amount of free amino acid except for Tau, Thr+Gln and Pro in loins did not differ significantly between Hypor and LWH. The contents of Tau, Thr+Gln and Pro in loins from Hypor were higher than those from LWH. No significant differences between Hypor and LWH bellies occurred in all of free amino acids. The major constituents in both muscles of hypor and LWH were Ala, Tau, Gly and Gln. The content of IMP was not significantly different between Hypor and LWH muscles. The content of minerals, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn, P in loins and bellies from gilts tended to be higher than that from castrateds. The comparison between Hypor and LWH revealed no significant difference in each mineral content.View full abstractDownload PDF (578K) -
Yuji TAKEMURA, Hisashi HIROSE, Shigeru SUGANO1986 Volume 57 Issue 7 Pages 601-607
Published: July 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn attempt was made to elucidate how the autonomic nervous function of animals is influenced by a chronic exposure to a high altitude environment, using a control chamber. Four out of 26 male Wistar rats were examined at 5 weeks old before the exposure, and then the others were exposed to a hypobaric-hypoxic condition equivalent to 2, 500m in altitude (barometric pressure 561mmHg, partial pressure of oxygen 117mmHg; exposed group, n=11) or to a normobaric-normoxic condition equivalent to the sea level (barometric pressure 760mmHg, partial pressure of oxygen 159mmHg; control group, n=11) from 5 weeks old. Six and 5 animals of each group were examined after the 3- and the 6-week-exposure, respectively. The heart rate and blood pressure responses to the intravenous administrations of NE (10μg/kg), Isp (3μg/kg) and ACh (200μg/kg) were examined on the animals anesthetized with urethane under a normobaric-normoxic condition. The decrease in blood pressure with growth was depressed by the exposure. By comparing with the pre-exposure stage, the blood pres sure response to the Isp administration was small only in the control group at the 3rd week of exposure, but only in the exposed group at the 6th week. In the administra tions of NE and ACh, there observed the heart rate changes that were considered to be induced through the baroreceptor reflexes. The appearance of the baroreceptor reflexes was different according to the exposure period. Although the control group showed a significantly larger heart rate increase in the Isp administration and a smaller heart rate decrease in the ACh administration at the 3rd week of exposure than at the pre-exposure stage, such differences were not observed in the exposed group. It was considered from the results obtained that the autonomic nervous activity of animals was influenced by a high altitude environment, that is, both the activities of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system were reciprocally altered with the progress of exposure to high altitudeView full abstractDownload PDF (454K) -
Yuji TAKEMURA, Hisashi HIROSE, Shigeru SUGANO1986 Volume 57 Issue 7 Pages 608-613
Published: July 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn attempt was made to elucidate how the autonomic nervous activity of animals alters with the progress of exposure to a high altitude environment. Six out of 30 male Wistar rats were examined at 5 weeks old. The others were exposed to a hypobaric-hypoxic condition equivalent to 2, 500m in altitude (barometric pressure 561mmHg, partial pressure of oxygen 117mmHg; exposed group, n=12) or to a normobaric-normoxic condition equivalent to the sea level (barometric pressure 760mmHg, partial pressure of oxygen 159mmHg; control group, n=12) in a control chamber, and 6 animals of each group were examined after the 3- and the 6-week-exposure, respectively. Heart rates of animals after the 4 kinds of treatments were examined under a normobaric-normoxic condition: 1) heart rate after sympathetic blockade (HRsx) by propranolol (4mg/kg, i. p. ); 2) heart rate after parasympathetic blockade (HRpx) by atropine (2mg/kg, i. p. ); 3) heart rate after sympathetic and parasympathetic blockade (HRspx) by propranolol and atropine (4 and 2mg/kg, respectively, i. p. ); 4) heart rate after control treatment (HRsp) by saline (1ml/kg, i. p.). The HRspx of the exposed group was lower than that of the control group after the 3-week-exposure. The level of HRsp was higher than that of HRspx in both the control and the exposed group, and the difference between HRsp and HRspx became larger in the exposed group than in the control group during the first 3 weeks of exposure but contrarily smaller during the latter 3 weeks. The difference between HRpx and HRspx became larger during the first 3 weeks but contrarily smaller during the latter 3 weeks. The difference between HRsx and HRspx became smaller during the first 3 weeks but contrarily larger during the latter 3 weeks. It was suggested from the results obtained that at the early stage of exposure to high altitude, the balance of the autonomic nervous activity shifted to the direction that the sympathetic nervous activity became preponderant, but thereafter, contrarily to the direction that the parasympathetic nervous activity became preponderant.View full abstractDownload PDF (393K) -
Kazufumi GOTO, Kousaku TANAKA, Toshihiro TERAO1986 Volume 57 Issue 7 Pages 614-619
Published: July 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAntiserum against arginine vasotocin (AVT) was produced by immunizing a goat and two rabbits with a conjugate of human immunoglobulin (IgG) and AVT. An antiserum, with a maximum binding of 91% at a final dilution of 1:100 was obtained from rabbit No. 2 after the 19th intradermal injections of the conjugate. This antiserum (R2-Kyushu) did not show significant cross-reaction with oxytocin (OT) or mesotocin (MT), (i. e. less than 0.001% cross-reactivity), but showed 51.3% cross-reactivity to arginine vasopressin (AVP). Since the neurohypophysis of amphibians, reptiles and birds contains only AVT and MT but not AVP, R2-Kyushu antiserum can be used to measure the AVT of samples from these animals by radioimmunoassay.View full abstractDownload PDF (340K) -
Junjiro SEKINE, Masaaki HANADA, Shigeru MORITA, Toshio MOROOKA, Seiji ...1986 Volume 57 Issue 7 Pages 620-623
Published: July 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (201K) -
Takayoshi AOKI, Nagisa YAMADA, Yoshitaka KAKO, Tamotsu KUWATA1986 Volume 57 Issue 7 Pages 624-627
Published: July 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (262K)
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