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Volume 80 (2009)
- Issue 4 Pages 419-
- Issue 3 Pages 325-
- Issue 2 Pages 145-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 80, Issue 2
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
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Osamu SASAKI, Mituo AIHARA, Yoshitaka NAGAMINE, Kazuo ISHII, Masahiro ...2009 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 145-156
Published: May 25, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHolstein cow records of milk production, fertility and management traits between 1979 and 2004 from Livestock Improvement Association of Japan were used. The herds were divided into three classes (high, middle and low levels) by the ranking of milk production in Hokkaido and the other area. High, middle and low classes consist of top, middle and bottom 20% of herds, respectively. Furthermore, the herds in each milk production class were divided into three classes (high, middle and low levels) by the ranking of calving number. Data on 18 groups containing 3,646,839 records of 2,191,204 cows (24,742 herds) were analyzed. The herd size annually increased. The increment of herd size in the class of high milk yield and low calving times was remarkably large in recent years. The amounts of milk productions were annually increased and those were higher in Hokkaido than in the other area (P < 0.01). The calving number reduced gradually from 1984 to 1988 and kept constant after 1997. That was larger in Hokkaido than in the other area (P < 0.01). In Hokkaido, the calving number in high class of milk yield were lower than in the other classes of milk yield in each level of calving number. The age at first calving became young with time and that was older in Hokkaido than in the other area (P < 0.01). In Hokkaido, the age at first calving was brought forward as milk yield was higher, or calving number was larger. However, these tendency was not shown in the other area. The calving interval increased after 1986 and that in Hokkaido was shorter than in the other area (P < 0.01). In the area other than Hokkaido, the calving interval decreased with milk yield, or calving number. These tendency was not shown in Hokkaido. The milking length increased with calving number. And that length was shorter in Hokkaido than other area (P < 0.01), and that increase after 1993. The body weight increased with time and that was heavier in Hokkaido than in the other prefecture (P < 0.01). The body weight increased as milk yield was higher. The amount of concentrate feed increased with time and that was smaller in Hokkaido than in the other area (P < 0.01). The amount of concentrate feed was larger in the higher class of milk yield, or the lower class of calving number. The increment of milk yield may cause the increase in calving interval. However, many other factors would affect to the calving number. The annual increment of calving interval seems to be caused by the increment of the milk production rather than the levels of milk production. In the high class of calving number, it seems that the cows would be not only good performance of reproduction but also small trouble in the milking period from the reduction of the risk of metabolic disease by reduction of the amount of the concentrate feed. These results suggested that the calving number and the fertility could be controlled by the development of the management technique.View full abstractDownload PDF (771K) -
Masanori KOMATSU, Motohide NISHIO, Masahiro SATOH, Masayuki SENDA, Hir ...2009 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 157-169
Published: May 25, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe predicted the potential profitability increase of Japanese Black cattle (Wagyu) at cow-calf fattening farms by the use of planned mating, based on DNA testing of QTL alleles, to increase Beef Marbling Standards (BMS) scores and carcass weight (CW). The following assumptions and scenarios were adopted. (1) Q (excellent) to q (ordinary) allele additive substitution effect : 1.0 for BMS score (ΔBMSQTL) and 20 kg for CW (ΔCWQTL). (2) A rise of \150/kg in dressed carcass price when the BMS score increases by 1 (ΔCWPBMS). (3) CW = 440 kg (CW). (4) Price of CW (CWPU) : \1,900/kg. (5) The DNA typed sires (QQ type) were used to breed dams (Hardy-Weinberg population). (6) The age at first calving and the productive lifetime of dams (N : number of dams) were 3 and 8 (or 9) years, respectively. (7) The replacement rate for cows was ⅙N. Calves not for replacement (⅚N) and cows over 8 (or 9) years (⅙N) were moved for fattening and slaughter. (8) The planned time horizon (T) was 15 years. (9) Priority sequence of dams for slaughter : qq→Qq→QQ. (10) Frequency of the Q allele in the population = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9. [Scenario 1] : Sires were known for DNA type (QQ) : CTYP = \0, SEM ≥ \0. [Scenario 2] : Sires were DNA typed and selected (QQ) : CTYP > \0, SEM ≥ \0. [Scenario 3] : Dams were DNA typed, CTYP > \0 and sires were known for QQ type : CTYP = \0, SEM ≥ \0. To increase profitability, the Q allele frequency in population, SEM, and the number of T are more important than CTYP and R (s/d). The Q allele frequency is required to be less than 0.6∼0.7 for the BMS score and less than 0.4∼0.5 for CW in order to retain around \10,000 of ΔVind on the condition that the cost of DNA diagnosis, including patent fees, is \5,000/head or less and that the semen price difference is \10,000/head or less. In addition, it is more effective to use planned mating for dams and sires (Scenario 3) than those of sires (Scenarios 1 & 2) based on information on QTL alleles if the Q allele frequency for the BMS score is in the range of 0.5∼0.7 at over 6 year (T) or if it is over 8 year (T) for CW to retain around \10,000 of ΔVind.View full abstractDownload PDF (1042K) -
Yuji HOSHINO, Kazuyuki TAMAKI, Ichinari INAYAMA, Mitsutoshi UENO, Aya ...2009 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 171-177
Published: May 25, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this study was to evaluate morphological responses of the absorptive apparatus of the jejunum to different diet ingredients in weaning pigs. In this study, seven crossbred (Landrace×Large Yorkshire×Duroc) pigs, they were a litter, were used after weaning. Before weaning, they fed with creep feed for six days. Six pigs were divided into two groups ; one received dairy-based feed and the other received vegetable-based feed. The remaining pig was used as a non-treatment control. Dairy-based feed contained mainly animal-based feed, and vegetable-based feed contained mainly oil-seed cake and meal. Drinking water was provided ad libitum throughout the experimental period. Jejunum samples were collected immediately after weaning from a non-treated control pig (D0). The similar samples were collected from each 3 pigs of dairy-based feed and vegetable-based feed groups respectively, on 3 (D3) and 14 days (D14) after weaning. The samples were processed for morphological observation of absorptive epithelial cells and heights of villi and microvilli. A significant increase in height of intestinal villi on D3 and in size of the absorptive cells on D14 were found in animals that received vegetable-based feed , ultrastructural transition of epithelial cells on D3. An increases in microvilli height on D3 and D14 were seen in animals that received vegetable-based feed. Presumably, the ingredients of vegetable-based feed are more easily digested and absorbed through the intestinal wall than are ingredients of dairy-based feed. As a result, the growth of intestinal villi and (growth of) absorptive epithelial cells in vegetable-based feed group were greater than those in dairy-based feed group, leading to a more efficient absorptive function of the small intestine.View full abstractDownload PDF (801K) -
Keisuke MAEDA, Kisa MIMURA, Yoshitomo TSUTSUI, Takuo TSUNO, Masakazu I ...2009 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 179-188
Published: May 25, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRicetrienol (RT) is a plant oil produced from rice bran which contains tocopherol (Toc) and tocotrienol (T3). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary RT contents level on egg yolk Toc and T3 concentrations, yolk antioxidative activities, egg production performance and egg quality of laying hens. Twenty four weeks old 200 laying hens were classified randomly into four groups. Each group was fed layer diets containing RT at 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 1.00%, and were defined as CONT, 0.25% RT, 0.50% RT, 1.00% RT, respectively. Each group was fed diets at 24 to 74 weeks old. Yolk Toc and T3 concentrations increased in the dietary RT levels. Toc and T3 concentrations at 1.00% RT increased 4.6 and 7.5 fold, respectively, compared with CONT. Yolk Toc and T3 concentrations increased as α-Toc > γ-Toc > β-Toc > δ-Toc, α-T3 > γ-T3 >, respectively. Simple regression analysis revealed the correlation between feed and yolk vitamin E level, α-Toc (R2 = 0.88, P < 0.01), β-Toc (R2 = 0.89, P < 0.01), γ-Toc (R2 = 0.99, P < 0.01), α-T3(R2 = 0.55, P < 0.01), γ-T3 (R2 = 0.66, P < 0.01). Yolk TBARS decreased in inverse proportion to feed RT concentration. RT diets expanded yolk Metric-Hue angle but did not affect feed intake, egg mass, feed conversion, egg weight and Haugh unit. In conclusion, yolk α-, β-, γ-tocopherol and α-, γ-tocotrienol concentrations increased linearly with dietary ricetrienol concentration level. Ricetrienol diets increased yolk Toc more than T3, but did not affect the laying performance.View full abstractDownload PDF (689K) -
Koichi SHIMAZAWA, Akiyuki HONDA, Yoshitaka ONO2009 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 189-197
Published: May 25, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo elucidate effects of different rearing environments (indoor rearing vs. outdoor rearing) and diets (commercial diet vs. potato mixed silage) on behavior, growth, meat quality and muscle fiber characteristics in finishing pigs, 32 pigs (WL·D) were divided equally into four groups (2×2 factorial design). Pigs were fattened until the average BW of each group reached 105 kg. Resting behavior was fewer in pigs treated with potato mixed silage and outdoors than those with a commercial diet and indoors (P < 0.01). BW gain during the fattening period was lower in pigs with potato mixed silage and outdoors than in pigs with a commercial diet and indoors (P < 0.01). Outdoor reared pigs had thinner back fat and longer carcass length than those reared indoors (P < 0.01). Loin meat of pigs fed potato mixed silage had significantly higher fat content and lower shear stress than that of pigs fed a commercial diet (P < 0.01). There were no differences in muscle fiber distribution of type-I (slow-twitch) between the groups, but type-IIA (fast-twitch oxidative) showed higher distribution in pigs with potato mixed silage and outdoors than pigs with a commercial diet and indoors. In conclusion, although the outdoor rearing and feeding with potato mixed silage resulted in lower productivity, it was to produce different quality meat and muscle fiber characteristics from the current conventional rearing management system with commercial diet indoors. Therefore, it is suggested that the pig management systems examined in this study could be a way to produce acceptable quality pork to meet consumer needs.View full abstractDownload PDF (761K) -
Yuzuru ISHIZUKA, Youiti INNO, Terumi NISHIOKA, Akinori UEWAKI, Masakaz ...2009 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 199-206
Published: May 25, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study was to investigate the influence of season and sex on the meat and subcutaneous fat quality of wild boars (Sus scrofa leucomystax). The contents of moisture and crude fat of M. longissimus thoracis (LT) were higher in hunting season than that in nonhunting season (P < 0.05). The content of crude protein were lower in hunting season than nonhunting season (P < 0.05). The crude fat contents were below 1% in all the muscles investigated. The concentration of α-tocopherol in LT and M. biceps femoris were higher in hunting season and in male than those in nonhunting seson (P < 0.01) and in female (P < 0.05). A color of the wild boar meat was red or deep red shade. The oxymyoglobin transformed into metmyoglobin within 24hours. The subcutaneous fat thickness (cm) in hunting season was higher than that in nonhunting season (P < 0.01). The inner layer subcutaneous fat in nonhunting season had significantly higher proportions of C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C18 : 3 and saturated fatty acids than those in hunting season (P < 0.05). The inner layer subcutaneous fat in hunting season had significantly higher proportions of C18 : 1 and mono unsaturated fatty acids (including C18 : 1) than those in nonhunting season (P < 0.01). The difference in the elements of meat was thought to be influenced by food or environment. The results showed that the wild boar meat and subcutaneous fat quality was influenced by season and sex.View full abstractDownload PDF (724K) -
Nazuki MURASAWA, Yoshinobu NAKAHASHI, Yoko HAMASAKI, Takeshi HORI, Tak ...2009 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 207-213
Published: May 25, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to compare regional differences of marbling distribution in the rib eye among Japanese Black, Japanese Brown, Japanese Black×Holstein and Holstein cattle using image analysis. Digital images of the rib eye on carcass cross sections were taken between the 6th and 7th ribs with mirror type photography equipment. These images were divided into four quadrants by inertia main axes. The following were calculated for each quadrant of the rib eye as well as the whole : marbling percent (MP), coarseness index of larger 5 marbling particles (CIM 1∼5), fineness index of marbling (FIM), average of luminance of lean (ALL) and average luminance of marbling (ALM). Coefficients of variation (CVs) between least square means of the 1-4 quadrants of image analysis traits were treated as marbling arrangement indicators, and these values were compared among breeds. MP of whole rib eye in Japanese Black (42.88%) was the highest, while those of Japanese Brown (32.82%) and Japanese Black×Holstein (33.65%) were similar at a moderate level, and MP in Holstein (22.33%) was the lowest. MP of the 1st and 4th quadrants were higher than those of the 2nd and 3rd quadrants for all breeds. However, CV of MP in Holstein (10.77) and Japanese Black×Holstein (4.63) were higher than other breeds (1.97-1.99). These results indicated that the marbling arrangement of rib eye in Holstein was relatively off balance. CIM 1-5 of the 3rd and 4th quadrants were higher than those of the 1st and 2nd quadrants in all breeds. In contrast, FIM of the 1st and 2nd quadrants were higher than those of the 3rd and 4th quadrants in all breeds. CV of CIM 1-5 of Holstein was the highest among breeds (40.77). Tendencies of characteristics of marbling arrangement in the rib eye were similar in all breeds, while degrees of bias for marbling distribution different for all breeds.View full abstractDownload PDF (555K) -
Toru HAYAKAWA, Mikako SATO, Ai SAIGA-EGUSA, Yoshihisa TAKAHATA, Fumiki ...2009 Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 215-222
Published: May 25, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe prepared hydrolysate of elastin from porcine aorta and evaluated its effect on skin by oral administration. In this study, the photoaging model which hairless mice were exposed by ultraviolet-B was adopted as a model of skin aging. Seven-week-old male hairless mice were fed a commercial diet and water for 63 days, and a hydrolysate dissolved in distilled water was adiministered. Ultraviolet-B irradiations were done 3 times per week. Moisture content of back skin was measured once or twice per week. After the administration term, skin pieces were taken from back of mouse, and then histopathological analysis was done and amino acid composition of skin was determined. Significant increases of skin moisture were observed in groups of the mixture of elastin peptide and collagen peptide and of collagen peptide after 52 and 55 days. In the administration of elastin peptide, skin moisture tended to increase. From the histopathological analysis, thickness of epidermis induced by ultrabiolet-B irradiation was depressed by the administration of the mixture of elastin and collagen peptide. Desmosine and isodesmosine content in skin was also depressed by the administration of the mixture of elastin and collagen peptide and of the collagen peptide only, while those of control mice irradiated ultraviolet-B was increased. Compared with each administration of elastin peptide and collagen peptide, the administration of mixture of these peptides in ratio of these skin contents or near ratio gave synergism, and then the improvement of skin condition, such as skin moisture and thickness of epidermis, against photoaging was observed. These results indicated that elastin peptide increased the effect of the administration of collagen peptide on skin moisture.View full abstractDownload PDF (873K)
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