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Volume 48, Issue 12
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Tatsuro MATSUMOTO1977 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 691-700
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (901K) -
Kiyoshi YAMAUCHI, Kenji CHINEN, Tomio OHASHI1977 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 701-706
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGenerally, it is acknowledged that the development of oxidative rancidity in cooked meat is affected by the amounts of myoglobin and phospholipid present, while meat predominantly contains α-tocopherol as a naturally occuring antixidant. Therefore, an abtioxidative activity of α-tocopherol in meat against the development of oxidative rancidity in cooked ground meat, which was heated at 70°C for one hour and the naerobically stored at about 4°C for three days, has been investigated in connection with myoglobin and phospholipid concentrations in meats. The extent of the development of oxidative rancidity in the cooked meat was measured by 2-thiobarbituric acid method and expressed as TBA value in terms of milligrams of malonaldehyde per 1000g of meat. As a result with white and red muscle of chicken (M. pectoralis profundus and thigh muscle), pork (M. longissimus dorsi and M, biceps femoris), mutton (M. longissimus dorsi and M. gluteus), beef (M. longissimus dorsi and M. quadriceps femoris) and horse meat (M. longissimus dorsi and M. gluseus), in each meat species the red muscle tended to contain higher level of α-tocopherol than did the while muscle, and the cooked red muscle did not necessarily show high TBA value as compared with that of the cooked white muscle. However, when the red muscle contained the same level of α-tocopherol as the white muscle, the cooked red muscle showed less stability to oxidation than the cooked white muscle. On the other hand, the respective TBA values for the cooked chicken, pork, and beef were negatively correlated to the amount of α-tocopherol Per 100 g of wet tissue and per gram of phospholipid. In the cooked chicken, pork, beef and horse meat, the significant negative relationship was obtained between the amount of α-tocopherol per gram of Lipid and the TBA value. From the results obtained, it became apparent that α-tocopherol in meat showed an effect in decreasing the rate of the development of oxidative rancidity in the cooked ground meat refrigerated at about 4°C for three days, and the degree of antioxidative activity of α-tocopherol differed depending on animal or muscles pecies in connection with the amounts of myoglobin and phospholipid present. In this investigation, however, an antioxdative activityof α-tocopherol in the mutton was not observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (430K) -
Koichi YAMAGISHI, Kozaburo YAMAMOTO, Kazuo MATSUKAZE, Kentaro KONO1977 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 707-714
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is said that hormones play important roles in the ovulation of domestic fowl: especially, the activity of estrogen which synthesizes vitellin elements in liver. In the present experiment, the effects of successive administrations of estrogen were studied about the trend of plasma Alp. activities. And we could meet with good results in relationships between the plasma Alp. activity and serum vitellin producibility. Materials for this experiment were obtained from Niigata-ken Poultry Breeding Station. Total 137 of sixty days old White Leghorn pullets of four different strains Rapp, Forsgate, Thornber and Carber, were used. They were administered with estrogen in 10 successive days from 60 days of age. The plasma Alp. activity was calculated by the quantitative analysis on the nitro phenol unit. The observation of the serum vitellin producibility was carried out in the same way as previous reported. Zymograms obtained by horizontal poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis displayed 2 types of plasma Alp. isozymes and 3 types of plasma Es. isozymes. (1) The plasma Alp. activity in estrogen treated region indicated the lower level than in non-treated region throughout the period. And there were recognized decreasing tendencies without the rough range of active fluctuation. (2) The quadratic regression curves significantly resulted from the statistical analysis of plasma Alp. activities about estrogen treated pullets. (3) The activity of "G" strain evidently gave the lowest degree within 4 strains of plasma Alp. activities. (4) Most of the pullets reached maximum in the short period of time after the biginning of estrogen treatment and they showed high levels of the serum vitellin producibility. The investigations indicate significant correlations between both traits. Consequently, these results seemed to suggest that ealier the value of plasma Alp. activity reached its peak, higher the serum vitellin producibility increased. (5) The group of F type classified by plasma Alp. isozymes showed significantly higher level of plasma Alp, activity than that of S type. And the value of b or b' of F type group was in higher level. (6) The view of the characteristics of "G" strain presented much lower level on the serum vitellin producibility as well as plasma Alp. activity. (7) There were few individuals of S type group classified by plasma Es. isozymes, but most of them showed high values in plasma Alp. activity and the serum vitellin producibility.View full abstractDownload PDF (569K) -
Seishiro KATO, Akira IRITANI, Yoshimasa NISHIKAWA1977 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 715-720
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments were carried out to determine the effect of CO2 on the anaerobic glycolysis and motility of goat spermatozoa. Twice washed spermatozoa were incubated at 37°C under anaerobic conditions containing various levels of CO2. Calcium-free Krebs Ringer bicarbonate solution was used as a basic medium for incubation. 1) Anaerobic glycolysis of spermatozoa was depressed with the increase in pCO2 up to the maximum inhibition (60-70%)which occurred under 100%CO2. However, incubation of spermatozoa under high pCO2 was not harmful to their motility. 2) Inhibition of sperm metabolism by CO2 was reversible, and spermatozoa exhibited normal glycolytic and respiratory activity during subsequent incubation under low pCO2 after transfer from the 2-hr incubation under high pCO2. 3) In the media containing enough bicarbonate or trishydroxymethylaminomethane for the maintenance of pH at approximately 7.0 under saturation with CO2, inhibition of glycolysis by CO2 was almost similar to that observed in a control medium in which the pH dropped to 6.2-6.3; this suggests that the inhibitory effect of CO2 on glycolysis is not directly due to the drop of extracellular pH.View full abstractDownload PDF (429K) -
Kunitada SATO, Masaru MIYAKE, Nobuo TSUNODA, Tomoki YOSHIKAWA, Akira K ...1977 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 721-723
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe serum concentration of progesterone and cortisol was determined by radioimmunoassay in the normal 22 mares (9 Percherons and 13 Bretons). Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture at 10 AM from all mares every other day during estrus, and every 2 day during luteal phase and early gestation period. Progesterone levels during pregnancy were compared with those during estrous cycles. The progesterone levels for the first 12 days of pregnancy increased almost similarily to those for the 12 day of estrous cycle in the non-pregnant mares, but were still maintained even after the 15-18 days of pregnancy, while levels of the cyclic mares declined rapidly. In the non-pregnant mares, the average concentration of serum cortisol on the day of ovulation was 50.9±13.7(Mean±S.D.) ng/ml, and two peaks were observed at 6 days before ovulation, 109.7±28.2ng/ml and at 18 days after ovulation, 111.9±55.3ngfml. The highest concentration of cortisol in the pregnant mares, 61.9±18.6ng/ml was observed at 18 days after ovulation, and the lowest, 24.2±14.7ng/ml was at 6 days before ovulation. A cyclic pattern was observed for cortisol in the non-pregnant mares with peaks appeared at the beginning of estrus.View full abstractDownload PDF (215K) -
Toru SAWASAKI1977 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 724-730
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPlacental tissue slices of guinea-pigs were incubated in Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer containing NAD and glucose using pregnenolone-4-14C as a substrate. The amount of progesterone converted from pregnenolone by the placenta at 50 days after mating was significantly larger than that of 64-65 days after mating (0.205 and O.159μg/100mg/hr., P<0.05). The 3β-hydmxysteroid dehydrogenase activity of the placenta seems to decrease at the last stage of pregnancy. Progesterone levels in the systemic and uterine venous plasma of the pregnant guinea-pigs were measured. There was no significant difference between them at the middle and late stages of pregnancy. This suggested that uterine venous plasma progesterone level was not affected by the placental progesterone. The progesterone levels in both systemic and uterine venous plasma were high in middle stage and low at the end of pregnancy, but rapid decrease of progesterone reflecting initiation of parturition, as seen in many other species, was not observed. In this species, the relationship between progesterone level and initiation of parturition is seemed to be specific, being complicated by the local effect of placental progesterone on the fetus or the uterus.View full abstractDownload PDF (584K) -
Yaichiro UMEMOTO, Yasushi SATO1977 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 731-740
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe investigation was undertaken to examine the extraction method of cheese lipase embedded firmly in the texture of ripened Cheddar chuese, and to clarify some properties of cheese lipase with a quantitative method which is used to determine weak activities. Micro-determination of free fatty acids liberated enabled us to determine the weak activity of the cheese lipase. Extraction of the lipase from the cheese should be performed from portions of cheese curd and fat separately. Amount of oleic acid from triolein increased linearly with incubation time up to 16 hours. Optimum pH's of the cheese and the pancreatic lipases during lipolysis were found to be 7.0 and 8.0, respec tively. Relationship between substrate concentrations and lipase activity was expressed distinctly as Michaelis-Menten's plot, and estimation of Km value did indicate 0.09%, hat is, 10-3M. Freezing of the crude lipase solution at-18 and -85°C within the appropriate period remarkably accelerated inactivation of the enzyme. Elution patterns by gel filtration with Sephadex G-200 of the concentrated enzyme solution showed the separation into 4 components and higher activities of lipase were found to be present in III fraction than the others. All proteins in the cheese lipase, the pancreatic lipase and III fraction obtained by gel filtration were separated on the polyacrylamide disc gels by electrophoresis. Lipase proteins on the gels were identified by lipolysis against synthetic substrates, naphthol-AS-nonanoate and acetate followed by staining of the gels with Fast blue BB salt.View full abstractDownload PDF (513K) -
Teru ISHIBASHI, Masao KAMETAKA, Akira OZAKI, Tetsuzo YAMAMOTO, Tomotar ...1977 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 741-747
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo compare the requirements of leucine and valine of the growing germfree and conventional chicks, 7-day-old chicks were fed a diet with graded levels of leucine or valine for 7 days. Daily gains of body weight of the germfree chicks were greater than those of the conventional chicks when the dietary leucine or valine level was higher than the requirement level. Adversely, daily gains of body weight of the germfree chicks were less than those of the conventional chicks when the dietary leucine or valine level was very low. Leucine and valine requirments for maximum growth, however, was the same and estimated to be 0.95 and 0.78%, respectively, of the diet for both groups. After the feeding test, the chicks were injected with L-leucine-and L-valine-U-14C and expired carbon dioxide was collected for 2 and 3 hours, respectively. From the percentage of recovery of 14C in the expired carbon dioxide, the leucine and valine requirements were found to be 0.80 and 0.53% of the diet for both groups, respectively. Three hours after feeding test, the plasma free valine concentration was estimated in the chicks which was not injected the isotope. The requirement of valine was estimated to be 0.59% for the germfree chicks and 0.54% for the conventional chicks. From the above data, it may be concluded that no difference, or very small if any, is found in the requirements of leucine and valine between the germfree chicks and those of the conventional chicks.View full abstractDownload PDF (360K) -
Tsunenori IRIKI, Hitoshi SHIBUI, Matanobu ABE1977 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 748-756
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Studies were made on the effects of two protein sources of different amino acid compositions included in a diet containing cassava flour with urea on the growth and the nitrogen (N) retention of steers. Concentrations of plasma free amino acids were also determined. 2. In a growth trial, nine Holstein steers, averaging 130kg initially, were divided into three groups and alloted to the following three concentrate diets: Diet 1 (control); 82.4% of the total N was derived from urea and the remain from cassava, Diet 2; 55.1% of the total N was derived from urea, 25.9% from fish meal (FM) and the remain from cassava, and Diet 3; 54.0% from urea, 26.3% from corn gluten meal (CGM) and the remain from cassava. All groups were given free access to respective diet, chopped rice straw and water for twelve weeks. 3. Steers receiving diets with supplemental FM and CGM had a tendency for more rapid growth than steers fed the control diet, but the differencies were not significant. Levels of leucine and aspartic acid in plasma were significantly higher in FM and CGM groups than in the control group (P<0.05), and plasma levels of lysine and isoleucine were significantly higher in the FM group (P<0.05). 4. In a N-barance trial, three Holstein steers, weighing about 200kg, were used in a 3×3 Latin square design. Animals were assigned to each concentrate diet used in the growth trial, and fed daily 4.5kg concentrate, 600g rice straw and allowed free access to water, 5. N retention of the CGM group was significantly higher than the other two groups (P<0.05). In the plasma of the CGM group, Ievels of leucine and proline were significantly higher (P<0.05). No remarkable changes were observed in plasma amino acid patterns between the FM group and the control group.View full abstractDownload PDF (505K) -
Yukio AKIBA, Tatsuro MATSUMOTO1977 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 757-765
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIntrathyroidal metabolism in synthesis and release of thyroid hormone was investigated in chicks administered three different levels of goitrin (0.0125, 0.025 and 0.05% in the diet) for 14 days. Thyroid glands were enlarged to 2-5 times as large as that of the control in proportion to the goitrin content of the diet. Typical high radioiodine uptake goiter was demonstrated in the goitrin-administered chicks. Total thyroid 125I content increased about twice as much as that of the control in the goitrin-administered chicks though it was depressed in 0.0065% PTU-administered chicks. Decrease of plasma PB 125I (approximately a half of the control) was ascertained by the estimation of plasma thyroxine by radiostereoassay. In the intrathyroidal metabolism of iodine, synthesis of iodothyronines and iodination of MIT were suppressed by goitrin, but monoiodination of tyrosine was rather accelerated. The elevated ratio of thyroid iodothyronines/plasma PBI (1.5-1.7 times as much as that of the control) reveals that the depression of plasma level of thyroid hormone is more striking than the decrease in thyroid hormone in the gland in the goitrin-administered chicks. It is, therefore, suggested that goitrin has inhibitory effects not only on the biosynthesis of thyroid hormone in the gland but also on the release of thyroid hormone from the gland.View full abstractDownload PDF (501K) -
Soonchang Ro, Kyoji KONDO1977 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 766-771
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRegarding the feminization of gonads of male embryos of the Japanese quail, the previous reports from our laboratory showed that estrogen exerted the most striking effect when administered to the embryos on day 4 of incubation, as compared with effects produced by the administration on any other day of incubation. In the experiments reported here, day 4 of incubation was selected as day of injection. The amounts of estradiol benzoate to be injected as the estrogen were graded as 0.005, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 mg, in order to determine the amount of estrogen which was the most effective in feminizing the male embryonic gonads and the accessory sexual organs in the quail. The eggs were obtained by mating sex-linked white males with wild-type females. The sex of embryos was easily distinguished at the time of examination on day 16 of incubation, according to the plumage appearance (males were wild-type). The administration of either 0.02mg or 0.04mg estrogen enlarged the left testis, as compared with the controls. On the contrary, either 0.005mg or 0.01mg estrogen reduced the size of the left testis as compared with the controls. As regards the right testis, the effective amount of estrogen for suppressing its development was more than 0.005mg. Values of the ratio of "right testis/left testis" in length, width and length×width also support these observations. When the degree of feminization was classified into grades (1), (2), (3) and (4) in the order of increasing severity, the grade (1), which stands for no change, occurred with some frequency in the cases of injection of 0.005mg to 0.02mg estrogen, but there was no incidence of embryo belonging to grade (1) in the case of injection of 0.04mg. Consequently, 0.04mg estrogen was the most effective dosage for feminizing the male embryonic gonads, among the four dosages used.View full abstractDownload PDF (355K) -
Tetsu JOHKE, Kouichi HODATE1977 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 772-776
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges of serum prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), and triiodothyronine (T3) levels in Holstein dairy cows during late pregnancy and early lactation were determined by radioimmunoassays. The cows calved in September. Mean serum PRL ranged 9.9ng/ml to 12.4ng/ml during the 3rd to 7th day prepartum. It increased to a peak value of 87.3ng/ml on the day of parturition from 57.5ng/ml on the day before calving, and decreased to 13.9ng/ml within 3 days postpartum. During the 2nd to 30th day prepartum, serum GH varied between 2.4 and 4.0ng/ml and increased to 8.0ng/ml on the day of calving. During a week postpartum, serum GH ranged from 5.2 to 8.2 ng/ml. Mean serum GH during a week postpartum was higher than that of prepartum (P<0.001). Mean serum T3 level during 5 days prepartum varied 104.2 to 108.8ng/dl and decreased to 93ng/dl on the day of calving. During 5 days postpartum, mean T3 level varied 73.0 to 83.8ng/dl. Contrary to GH, mean serum T3 level during 5 day postpartum was significantly lower than that of prepartum (P<0.001).View full abstractDownload PDF (264K) -
Ryohachiro NAKAMURA1977 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 777-779
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Hiroshi MORIYAMA, Hiroyoshi HORI, Junko USDA, Kanji MATSUI, Hiroshi SA ...1977 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 780-781
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Eimei SATO, Takehiko ISHIBASHI1977 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 782-783
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Yukio TSUNODA, Tadashi SUGIE1977 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 784-786
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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