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Volume 73 (2002)
- Issue 4 Pages 489-
- Issue 3 Pages 381-
- Issue 2 Pages 237-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 73, Issue 4
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
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Tsutomu OHGI, Masaaki HANADA, Yashuhiro MINEZAKI, Mamiko FUJITA, Masan ...2002 Volume 73 Issue 4 Pages 489-494
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: May 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of fish meal supplementation on milk yield, milk composition, and blood components of early lactating dairy cows fed the diet based on grass silage. Twenty six multiparous cows were randomly fed one of the two diets as total mixed rations (TMR) from 6th day to twelve weeks after parturition. The TMR consisted of grass silage, flaked corn, soybean meal and fish meal at a ratio of 50 : 38 : 12 : 0, or 50 : 39 : 6 : 5 on a DM basis, respectively. TMRs were isonitrogenous (16% CP) and isocaloric (77% TDN). DM intake and milk yields were not affected by the treatment (20.1 vs. 20.7kg/d, and 37.6 vs. 38.6kg/d, respectively). However, fish meal supplementation increased milk protein yield and contents (1.07 vs. 1.17kg/d, and 2.86 vs. 3.04 ; P<0.07 and P<0.05, respectively). Supplementation of fish meal increased serum concentrations of Met and Lysine (2.15 vs. 2.43μmol/dl, 7.66 vs. 8.90μmol/dl, P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). These results indicate that fish meal supplied amino acid limiting for milk protein synthesis, and increased milk protein contents when cows were fed grass silage-based diets.View full abstractDownload PDF (502K) -
Ken-ichi HORIGUCHI, Toshiyoshi TAKAHASHI2002 Volume 73 Issue 4 Pages 495-501
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: May 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objectives of this study were to determine the effect of ruminal administration of mechanical stimulating brush (Rumen faibu : RF) on rumination time and on passage rate of rumen fluid in steers fed concentrate and rice straw. Eight animals were used. Four were orally administered three RF per head (RF treatment) and the other four were not administered (control). The organic cell wall (OCW) content of feeding diets was 25% (experiment 1) and 15% (experiment 2) as fed basis. The rice straw was cut 2cm and 30cm. All animals were fed enough concentrate and rice straw to gain 1.4kg/day in body weight. The rumination time and total chewing time per day were not affected by RF administration in each feeding condition. There was no difference in the turnover rate of rumen fluid between the control and the RF treatment in experiment 2. These results suggest that the physical stimulation of RF for the rumen was not functional even when OCW content of feeding diets was low at 15% and cut & cm.View full abstractDownload PDF (652K) -
Akemi YAMAMOTO, Minoru ITOH, Shu FURUYA2002 Volume 73 Issue 4 Pages 503-508
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: May 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe developed an in vitro procedure to evaluate the effectiveness of additives and feeding techniques for reducing ammonia emission from pig houses. Pig manure, the mixture of feces and urine, was placed in a 1l plastic vessel covered by a lid. Air entered the vessel approximately 1cm above the manure surface and is discharged near the top. Ammonia emitted from the manure was removed from this air by passing 150ml of 4% boric acid. The air left the system after passing a flow controller and a pump. The effects of incubation temperature (20, 30 and 40°C), air flow rate (125, 250, 375 and 500ml/min), volume of feces and urine in manure (0, 40 and 80g feces with 160g urine or 40g feces with 160g water), and incubation periods (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 day), on the ammonia emission from the vessel were investigated. Ammonia emission was linearly increased with the increase of incubation temperature, air flow rate and incubation periods. The ammonia emission was hardly detected when feces or urine was incubated separately. The incubation at the mixture of 80g feces and 160g urine, compared with 40g feces with 160g urine, resulted in a decrease in ammonia emission, which was reflected by a reduced manure pH. On the basis of the results, we setted the procedure for the evaluation as follows ; a mixture of 40g feces and 160g urine is incubated at 30°C, at a air flow rate of 500ml/min and for 24 or 48h.View full abstractDownload PDF (537K) -
Mihoko TABUCHI, Yumi SASAHARA, Masataka HOSODA, Tetuo ISHIDA, Akiyoshi ...2002 Volume 73 Issue 4 Pages 509-514
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: May 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was conducted to evaluate the serum cholesterol-lowering effect of Lactobacillus GG lyophilized cells (GG cells) in in vitro and in vivo. In in vitro study, L. GG showed deconjugation activity of sodium taurocholate and cholesterol-binding ability. In in vivo study, 1% or 5% GG cells were administered to rats with high cholesterol diet for 14 days. Results show that the serum total cholesterol levels in experimental rats were significantly lower than in control rats fed only cholesterol diet (P<0.05, P<0.01). The inhibitory effect of the GG cells on serum cholesterol-rising was dose-dependent, and it is suggested that the effect might be due to cholesterol binding and deconjugation of bile acid by the GG cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (520K) -
Naoshige ABE, Hiroyuki HIROOKA, Hirotoshi TAKAZAKI, Yoshimasa KUBOTA2002 Volume 73 Issue 4 Pages 515-520
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: May 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this study was to clarify the factors affecting the milking temperament of Holstein cows. Questionnaires for dairy cows produced by seven sires were mailed to 1,227 dairy farms in Tohoku, Kantou, and Tokai areas. Data on 1,535 cows were collected from 422 farms. The items on the questionnaires included parturition, social dominance in herds, tethering method, tethering duration, scale of farm, and the sire of each cow. The milking temperament score was evaluated by each herdsman using a five point-rating scale ; 1 : very calm, 2 : calm, 3 : a little nervous, 4 : nervous, and 5 : very nervous. Results show that tractable cows with ranks 1 and 2 was 63% and that of untractable cows with ranks 4 and 5 was 9%. The least squares mean of milking temperament scores was 2.31. The results for least-squares analysis of variance showed that significant differences of milking temperament were observed between primiparous cows and multiparous cows (P<0.03), among social dominance scores (P<0.0001) and among sires (P<0.0001). Moreover, the results showed that the different tethering duration (P<0.13) and tethering method (P<0.22) also affected the milking temperament. There was no significant difference between milking temperament and farm scale. It is concluded that the cows with known sires, multiparous, calm in the herd, tethered shortly and these accommodated in the free stall were tractable.View full abstractDownload PDF (517K)
Technical Report
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Keigo KUCHIDA, Mio UEDA, Keisuke OKAMOTO, Mitsuyoshi SUZUKI, Shunzo MI ...2002 Volume 73 Issue 4 Pages 521-528
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: May 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIdentical digital images of carcass cross sections display in different colors on computer monitors due to brightness, color temperature, color contrast settings on the monitor and differences in the input device, lightning conditions, etc. The purpose of this research was to examine a technique to display digital images of carcass cross sections for remote evaluation in the same color on the computer monitors. A color calibration device was used to resolve the characteristics of each monitor. In executing the color calibration of three computer monitors, the x and y chromaticity coordinates of red were ranged from 0.622 to 0.624 and 0.344 to 0.345, respectively. The range of the x chromaticity coordinate of green, which had the largest difference, was 0.290 to 0.293. This indicates that the color on a computer monitor after color calibration were very close. Photographing equipment for the beef carcass cross sections developed by authors, could take clear and stable digital images. Although five pieces of photographing equipment developed around the same time, had the same design, color in the digital images were slightly different due to the characteristics of the digital camera and the white light emitting diodes used. Color correction by multiple regression analysis was conducted to remove the characteristics of photographing equipment and digital images from all photographing equipment displayed almost the same color on the computer monitor. The identical carcass was photographed by two sets of photographing equipments (n=63), and the BCS number was predicted by the image analysis. Difference of average of the predicted BCS number from color-converted image was 0.05, although that from original image was 0.50.View full abstractDownload PDF (3980K)
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