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Volume 64, Issue 12
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Yoshizane MAEDA, Kotaro KAWABE, Tatsuzo OKA, Shin OKAMOTO, Satoru OKAM ...1993 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 1137-1140
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe m-RNA expressions of m-calpain and actin genes in the skeletal muscle were compared among quail lines selected for body weight. Quail were killed by cervical dislocation at 23 days of age. The m-RNA was hybridized to the 1.1kb Pst I fragment cDNA encoding chicken of m-calpain 80k subunit and 2.0kb Pst I fragment cDNA encoding human β-actin. The concentrations of m-RNAs of m-calpain and actin genes were higher in the order of large body weight (LL line), random bred (RR line) and small body weight (SS line). The concentration of actin m-RNA was higher than that of m-calpain in all lines. The results suggest that the degrees of expression of m-calpain and actin genes in skeletal muscle differ among quail lines developed by long-term selection for body weight.View full abstractDownload PDF (741K) -
Takuro OIKAWA, Katsunori SATO, Yasuo KAWAMOTO1993 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 1143-1148
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSModels for prediction with small subclass numbers of data under varied environmental effects were compared using the Monte Carlo simulation procedure. The models were mixed models with environmental effects treated as the fixed effect, random effect, complex effect (fixed and random effects according to the size of environmental effect), synthesized effect (made from two similar small environmental effects with a small number of data) and covariates (predicted environmental values). The random environmental effect model had higher accuracy than the other models for all assumed heritabilities. Of the factors related to data structure, the total number of records and the percentage of filled subclasses were the major factors which affected the accuracy of prediction, while the percentage of environmental effects with progeny of one sire had no effect on accuracy. Also the assumed distribution of environmental effects and percentage of environmental effect variance affected accuracy, but the number of reference sires did not. The mixed model with random environmental effects was effective for models with low percentages of filled subclasses (5%). However, the mixed model with fixed environmental effects was considered advantageous in other cases.View full abstractDownload PDF (534K) -
Takashi HAYASHI, Yoshitaka NAGAMINE1993 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 1149-1155
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study was to estimate lactation parameters analytically from two sets of data which were maximum yield day and optional day in lactation. HAYASHI et al. proposed the vibration model2). This model is composed of two exponential functions of days after calving and three parameters ("a", "b" and "c"). Lactation characteristics are well explained by parameters which are estimated via an iterative procedure with daily or monthly yield data. We estimated three parameters from two sets of data and called it the Two Point Method for the vibration model. The non-linear function of "a" contains constants and four known terms: maximum yield, day of maximum yield, optional day and yield of optional day. Since an adequate estimate of "a" is obtainable by the Newton method, we can obtain estimates of other parameters "b" and "c" from the relationship of maximum yield, day of maximum yield and parameter "a". Multiple correlation coefficients for the models are in order of WOOD'S model using monthly sample data>vibration model using monthly sample data>vibration model using the two points method. Standard error in the 305-day yield estimates of the models; 258.2 for WOOD'S model, 218.5 for the vibration model and 349.1 for the two points method for the vibration model is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (414K) -
Effect of Dietary Cholesterol on 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl CoA Reductase Activity of Growing ChicksByeng Sun YOUN, Keiichi TANAKA, Shigeru OHTANI, Urip SANTOSO1993 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 1156-1162
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of dietary cholesterol on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase activities in the liver and small intestine of chicks. Chicks were fed experimental diets for two weeks and then killed for the determination of the HMG-CoA reducates activities in the intestinal epithelial cell and hepatic microsomes. Activities of the HMG-CoA reductase in the liver and jejunum of chicks fed the cholesterol-supplemented diet were significantly lower than that of those fed the cholesterol-free diet. The enzyme activity in the jejunum was higher than in the ileum. When chicks were fed the cholesterol-supplemented diet, concentrations of esterified and free cholesterols in the serum and free cholesterol contents in the liver and epithelial cells of jejunum and ileum were significantly increased.View full abstractDownload PDF (421K) -
Tsunenori IRIKI, Motonori TAKEUCHI, Masayuki FUNABA, Yasunori WADA, Ma ...1993 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 1163-1167
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree Holstein dry cows weighing 580-660kg were used to investigate the effect of adjusting the dietary CP level at 9.1, 12.1 and 15.1% on the catabolism of unprotected DL-methionine (MET), L-lysine•HCl (LYS) and L-tryptophan (TRP) when they were administered into the rumen by far more than physiological level (2mmol/kg body weight). As a result, the extent of the increase in the plasma concentration of each amino acid after administration tended to become less in reverse proportion to the dietary CP content, although each acid in the rumen tended to disappear more rapidly as the CP level increased. Two cows administered TRP of more than 12.1% CP died probably due to tryptophan-induced interstitial pulmonary emphysema. The empysema might have been induced by 3-methylindole (skatole) formed as an end-product of TRP rumen microbe catabolism. On the other hand, one cow receiving the diet with 9.1% CP remained normal in spite of the administration of the same level of TRP. The results suggested that the CP content of diets would affect the catabolic rate of unprotected amino acids administered into the rumen.View full abstractDownload PDF (306K) -
Haruo NEGISHI, Sumio YOSHIKAWA1993 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 1168-1177
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the effects of muscle variety on the indices of beef aging, 4 muscles in shoulder clods from 4 carcasses of Holstein steers obtained at 4 days postmortem were stored for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days at 0°C. The 4 muscles were Triceps brachii (TB), Supraspinatus (SS), Biceps brachii (BB) and Brachialis (BA) muscles. Sensory tenderness, shear force value (SFV), ATP-related compounds, myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI), 30, 000 dalton component (30kDa) and collagen content were determined for each muscle. Muscles were ranked in order of the amount of collagen: BA>BB>SS>TB. The rate of increase in MFI during storage was considerably slower in the BB and BA, which contained a higher concentration of collagen, than in the TB and SS muscles. The concentration of 30kDa showed a greater increase in those muscles (TB, SS) in which myofibrillar fragmentation proceeds earlier. However, the concentration of 30kDa in those muscles was much lower than in loins as reported previously8). The pattern of changes in ATP-related compounds during storage was almost the same in every muscle and did not correspond to the differences in tenderization among muscles. In comparison with the changes in ATP-related compounds, those of SFV, MFI and 30kDa corresponded relatively well to the results of sensory tenderness. Therefore, we consider that SFV, MFI and 30kDa are more useful than ATP-related compounds as indices of aging.View full abstractDownload PDF (1375K) -
Hirofumi HANADA, Masaya GESHI, Minoru SAKAGUCHI, Miharu YONAI1993 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 1178-1181
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (236K) -
Katsuya OKUUCHI, Yoshifumi TOMITA, Ryoji ONODERA1993 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 1182-1186
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (334K) -
Sueo NIIMURA, Misa HOSOE, Kazuo ISHIDA1993 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 1187-1192
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to examine the correlation between the distribution pattern of Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive cortical granules and the incidence of polyspermy, ovulated hamster eggs were differentially counted, and the number was compared between two experimental lots of spontaneous ovulation and superovulation. Concerning the distribution pattern of cortical granules, unfertilized eggs were classified into three types; Type I were eggs containing a large amount of cortical granules which were distributed evenly throughout the ectoplasmic zone; Type II were those containing a large amount of cortical granules whose clusters are scattered among single particles; Type III were those containing a smaller amount of cortical granules distributed evenly throughout the ectoplasmic zone. The incidence of Type II and III eggs in the superovulation lot (5.0%, 4.4%) was higher than that in the spontaneous ovulation lot (0.6%, 1.6%). In the meantime, the incidence of polyspermic eggs in the superovulated lot (2.6%) was higher than in the spontaneous ovulation lot (0.3%). These findings suggest that the smaller amount of cortical granules of Type III eggs is related to the higher incidence of polyspermy, and the irregular distribution pattern of cortical granules in Type II eggs is also related to the higher incidence of polyspermy if Type II eggs are fertilizable.View full abstractDownload PDF (901K) -
Yo ASAI, Yutaka MIZUNO, Osamu YAMAMOTO, Hirofumi FUJIKAWA1993 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 1193-1200
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationship between the incidence of epiphysitis and the dietary contents of copper and zinc was examined in 25 breeding farms in the Hidaka district, Hokkaido, Japan. About 270 foals ranging from birth to about 18 months of age were used in this study. Epiphysitis of the fetlock joint and of the knee joint was found in foals, 3-7 months and 12-18 months of age respectively. However, it appeared there was no relation between the incidence of both diseases and individual farms and between the incidence of the diseases and individual foals. Dietaty copper and zinc contents in the farms where severe epiphysitis of the fetlock joint with lameness were observed were 52.5% and 71.7% of NRC recommendations, respectively, and were lower (P<0.05) than those in farms which had lower incidence of epiphysitis of the fetlock joint. There were high correlations between the incidence of epiphysitis of the fetlock joint at weaning and dietary copper content (r=-0.465, P<0.05) and between the incidence of the disease at weaning and dietary zinc content (r=-0.427, P<0.05). This result also suggested that copper and zinc was needed much more than NRC recommendation for foals to prevent the incidence of epiphysitis of the fetlock joint. On the other hand, in the case of epiphysitis of the knee joint, there was insignificant relationship between the incidence of the disease and dietary copper and zinc contents. In conclusion, it was considered that, some factors such as exercise and weight gain might affect the incidence of epiphysitis and that, the requirements of copper and zinc might differ for horses at different stages of growth.View full abstractDownload PDF (953K) -
Katsusaburo TANAKA, Tsutomu ARITSUKA, Hiroo SADOYA, Tadashi SATO, Meij ...1993 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 1201-1207
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments were conducted to investigate the physical characteristics of dried beet pulp (DBP) and extracted carbohydrates, and fermentation characteristics of DBP and extracted carbohydrates in an artificial rumen. Settling volume (SV) and water holding capacity (WHC) of DBP were the highest among commercial feedstuffs used in this experiment. SV of DBP and NDF from DBP (BP-NDF) increased slightly but ADF from DBP (BP-ADF) did not change in water and rumen liquid after 19 hours. SV values for DBP, BP-NDF and BP-ADF in rumen liquid were higher than those in water. Dry matter digestibility in vitro of BP-P was the highest among extracted carbohydrates. Pectin in DBP rapidly degraded, while BP-NDF did not degrade in 6 hours and BP-ADF did not degrade in 12 hours. Pectin in DBP rapidly changed to a large amount of acetic acid as compared with BP-NDF and BP-ADF, and propionic acid gradually increased after 8 hours. Fermentation characteristics of pectin in DBP were similar to those of pectin in apple and lemon.View full abstractDownload PDF (451K) -
Tadashi SATO, Hiroo SADOYA, Katsusaburo TANAKA, Meiji OKAMOTO1993 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 1208-1213
Published: December 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSix wether sheep were fed beet pulp manufactured in Japan (NBP), the United States of America (UBP) and the People's Republic of China (CBP). The apparent digestibilities, nitrogen balance and VFA concentration of feces of the sheep were determined. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1) The dry matter and water intake of sheep were the same for each beet pulp variety, while there was less excretion of fresh feces in the case of NBP than for UBP and CBP. 2) When sheep were fed NBP, the apparent digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, NDF and ADF were higher than for UBP and CBP. There were significant (P<0.05) differences in the digestibilites of dry matter and crude protein among the three beet pulp varieties, and the digestibilities of organic matter, NDF and ADF of CBP were significantly lower than for NBP and UBP. 3) The nutrient content of beet pulp was NBP; 85.8% TND, 7.8% DCP, UBP; 80.8% TDN, 6.3% DCP and CBP; 75.3% TDN, 5.3% DCP. 4) The nitrogen loss in feces of sheep fed NBP tended to be lower than for UBP and CBP, resulting in a greater (P<0.05) nitrogen retention when compared with CBP. 5) Feces of sheep fed NBP had a higher pH value and lower total VFA concentration than CBP (P<0.05).View full abstractDownload PDF (428K)
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