Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho
Online ISSN : 1880-8255
Print ISSN : 1346-907X
ISSN-L : 1880-8255
Volume 41, Issue 5
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
  • II. Effect of dietary protein on the activity of GOT in various chicken organs
    Koichiro IKEDA, Toshiko TAKADO, Takao SUGIHASHI
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 233-237
    Published: May 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Day-old broilers (W. C.× W. P. R.) were fed a semipurified diet (C. P. 20%) which contained whole egg powder as a sole source of protein. At 3 weeks of age chicks were separated into 2 groups matched as to body weight. One group was continued to be fed control diet (C. P. 20%), while the other was received a high protein diet (C. P. 40%) for 15 days.
    Chicks were sacrificed every other day and fresh samples of 2g of various organs were homogenized in a Potter-Elvehjem type homogenizer with 18ml of ice cold 0.1M phosphate buffer, pH7.6. Using this homogenate as a crude enzyme solution, GOT activity was determined by the method of Reitman-Frankel.
    High protein diet caused an immediate increase in the activity of liver GOT and the maximal activity was obtained after 8 days which was 170% higher than the corresponding control chicks. In contrast, the changes in the activity of GOT in heart muscle, glandular stomach and pancreas of chicks fed high protein diet for 15 days were almost the same as those of control group, however, the activity of GOT in kidney of chicks fed high protein diet slightly increased after 15 days.
    Liver homogenate was fractionated by the method of Hogeboom and the activities of GOT in the soluble and mitochondrial fractions were determined. High protein diet caused an immediate increase in the soluble fraction, but in the mitochondrial fractions no significantt elevation were observed.
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  • Hiroshi ITOH, Shigeo ITO, Tatsuro MATSUMOTO
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 238-241
    Published: May 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Distribution of the radiocalcium was measured in mother mice and suckling young by parenteral administration of 45Ca into the dam. Seventeen lactating mice (9 CFW and 8 C57BL/6) were used in this study. Each litter size was adjusted to 5 on the 5th day of lactation. On the 12th day of lactation, the young were removed from the dam for 3 hours from 9:00 A. M. to noon. The dam was intraperitoneally injected with 45Ca at 11:00 A. M. and one hour later 5 young were allowed to suckle the dam for 1 hour from noon to 1:00 P. M. One young each selected randomly from each one of the dams was killed at 1:00 P. M. 1:30 P. M. 2:00 P. M. 3:00 P. M. and 4:00 P. M. Carcass of the young was divided into three parts, i. e., stomach, intestine and the rest of the body.
    (1) Average body weight of 85 young at the end of suckling was about 6.0g. Fresh weight of the young stomach was the highest (181mg) immediately after the suckling and it gradually decreased to 76mg during the 3 hour period, while there was no fluctuation in the weight of the intestine.
    (2) Radiocalcium content of the young stomach at the end of suckling was 5.3% of the 45Ca administered and it linearly decreased to 1.5% during the 3 hour period. At the end of the 1 hour-suckling period, the young already retained 1.6% of 45Ca in the body, and the retention linearly increased to 5.4% during the following 3 hours. Radiocalcium content of the intestine was low and kept constant (0.3%) throughout the experimental period. These results indicate that calcium in milk is effectively absorbed and largely retained by the suckling young in the short period.
    (3) About 36% of 45Ca injected into the dam was transferred to 5 suckling young through milk during the 1 hour-suckling period, and it was extremely higher than the 45Ca content in the dam's femur.
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  • III. Amount of inbreeding and of relationship in the populations of the important breeders
    Akira TAKEBE, Ken NOZAWA
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 242-249
    Published: May 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The coefficients of inbreeding and relationship in dairy cattle populations of the important breeders (Machimura farm, Koiwai farm, and Utsunomiya farm as private breeders, and national livestock breeding stations and Shizuoka prefectural livestock station as public breeders) and change of them between 1950 and 1960 have been investigated. Analysis was made by 2-line pedigree method proposed by Wright and McPhee, tracing ancestors back until imported animals through herdbooks.
    Results obtained are as follows:
    1. Both private and public breeders have high average coefficients of relationship within herds. Whereas actual coefficients of inbreeding in private breeders are rather low owing to strong inbreeding avoidance, the populations in the livestock breeding stations of national government have actual inbreeding coefficients showing almost random mating as to pedigree.
    2. Coefficients of relationship between breeders seem to diminish from 1950 to 1960. This indicates that the breeders tend to have performed dairy cattle breeding independently from each other. This tendency is particularly evident in the Utsunomiya farm and Shizuoka prefectural livestock station.
    3. It has already been pointed out that the function of the important breeders is multiplying imported animals rather than improving genetically their own animals. The present study has also shown that the majority of important animals having much genetic contribution to the dairy cattle population of the important breeders are the animals imported from U. S. A. or Canada, or the offspring of imported sires, which have functioned as cores in dairy cattle breeding in Japan.
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  • III. Differences of serum esterase zymograms among strains of rats
    Masaharu MANDA, Shusaku NISHIDA
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 250-253
    Published: May 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Differences of serum esterase zymograms among three strains of rats were observed by starch-gel electrophoresis and histochemical methods.
    The results were summarized as follows:
    1) Fourteen esterase zones in rats were separated by starch-gel electrophoresis, and in these esterase zones, Es-3, Es-4, Es-5 and Es-9 zone were observed in all sera of three strains but not Es-2 and Es-6 zone.
    2) Sera from the USC strain didn't show Es-1 zone, the fastest migrating zone whereas sera from the Wister and the Donryu strain revealed that.
    3) In the slowest migrating region, serum cholinesterase isozymes (Es-13, Es-14 and Es-15 zone) showed variation among strains or individuals, and in this region the three phenotypes, ChE-I, ChE-II, and ChE-IV, were observed in both sexes.
    4) Es-13 zone in the ChE-I type showed considerably different activities among strains and sexes. The lowest activity was found in the USC strain and the highest in the Wistar strain, and in females the activity-levels of Es-13 zone were always higher than those in males.
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  • Keiichi TANAKA
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 254-261
    Published: May 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effect of the isocaloric replacement of part of the dietary concentrate mixture by either coconut, soybean or cod oil on the yield and composition of the milk fat and the pattern of rumen fermentation was investigated in four dairy cows using a 4×4 Latin square design balanced respect to residual effects.
    The addition of coconut oil to the concentrate mixture resulted in the increased yield and percentage of milk fat. In contrast, the inclusion of cod oil in the concentrate mixture decreased the yield and percentage of milk fat.
    when the concentrate mixture containing coconut oil was given to the cows, the percentages of the medium-chain fatty acids (12:0 and 14:0) in the milk fat were increased, but the percentage of 18:1 was decreased. With the addition of soybean oil to the concentrate mixture, the percentages of the fatty acids from 4:0 to 16:0 in the milk fat were reduced, but the percentage of 18:1 was decreased. With the addition of soybean oil to the concentrate mixture, the percentages of the fatty acids from 4:0 to 16:0 in the milk fat were reduced, but the percentage of 18:1 was increased. The inclusion of cod oil in the concentrate mixture resulted in the decreased percentages of the fatty acids from 4:0 to 14:0 and 18:0 in the milk fat, the percentages of 16:0, 16:1, 18:1, 18:2 and higher unsaturated fatty acids than 18:3 were increased.
    When the cows were given the concentrate mixture containing cod oil, there was a reduction in the acetic acid: propionic acid ratio in the rumen liquor.
    When the concentrate mixture containing coconut oil was given to the cows, the percentages of 12:0, 14:0 and 16:0 in blood plasma triglycerides were increased, while the percentages of 18:1 and 18:2 were reduced. With the addition of soybean oil to the concentrate mixture, there was an increase in the percentages of 18:0 and 18:1 in blood plasma triglycerides, but a reduction in the percentage of 18:2. When the cows were given the concentrate mixture containing cod oil, the percentages of 16:0, 16:1, 18:1 and higher unsaturated fatty acids than 18:3 in blood plasma triglycerides were increased, while the percentage of 18:0 was decreased.
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  • Yasuo IGARASHI, Zenichi SAITO
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 262-269
    Published: May 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Temperature-sensitive (TS-) casein was obtained by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100 column (2.8×47.5cm) from the temperature sensitive fraction in casein. The molecular weight of the TS-casein was estimated as 32, 000 from the elution volume. It consisted mainly of two components observed by starch gel electrophoresis. Amino acid determination showed high proline and leucine contents (15.0% and 14.06% respectively of the total amount of detected amino acids) as compared with the whole casein. When the solution of TS-casein was warmed at rates of 1.5°C/min. and 3.2°C/min., similar turbidity curves were obtained, while a rate of 0.78°C/min. resulted in a somewhat higher turbidity. A stepwise elevation of temperature showed a rapid increase of turbidity within 40 seconds following the temperature change. Addition of chemicals, NaCl, MgCl2, sodium citrate, CaCl2, 2-mercaptoethanol and formalin, excepting formalin gave no remarkable alteration on the turbidity. Frozen storage (at -17°C for 19 days) resulted in a slight decrease of turbidity.
    The contents of this paper had been reported at the 55th annual meeting of Japanese Zootechnical Science (1968).
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  • Chouemon KANNO, Kunio YAMAUCHI, Tomokichi TSUGO
    1970 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 270-275
    Published: May 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The distribution of α-and γ-tocopherols in fat globule membrane lipid, butter oil and skimmilk lipid was investigated. When cream lipid was fractionated into membrane lipid and butter oil, the content of both α-and γ-tocopherol was found to be higher in butter oil than in membrane lipid. The proportion of γ-tocopherol in total tocopherol was higher in membrane lipid than in butter oil. The membrane lipid from washed cream had less tocopherols than that from unwashed cream. Skimmilk lipid contained α-tocopherol but the content was about one half of cream lipid.
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