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Volume 74 (2003)
- Issue 4 Pages 475-
- Issue 3 Pages 343-
- Issue 2 Pages 169-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 74, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
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Keisuke OKAMOTO, Keigo KUCHIDA, Takayuki KATO, Mitsuyoshi SUZUKI, Shun ...2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 475-482
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInfluences of beef carcass traits assigned by grader and image analysis traits for meat quality on carcass unit price were investigated. Digital images around the rib-eye area at the 6th and 7th rib of 1,543 Japanese Black (JB) and 532 crossbred (CB) steers were taken by the photographing equipment for beef cross sections at a meat processing plant in Hokkaido. Ratio of marbling area to rib-eye area (FATPER), overall coarseness of marbling (O_COARSE), coarseness of the largest marbling particle in rib eye (M_COARSE), ratio of minor and major axis of rib eye (MM_RATIO), and complexity of rib-eye shape (COMP) were calculated by image analysis. The carcass traits considered were carcass weight, rib eye area, rib thickness, subcutaneous fat thickness, BMS number, BCS grade and BFS grade. Covariates in each mathematical model were only carcass traits (Model 1), carcass traits and image analysis traits without M_COARSE (Model 2), and carcass traits and image analysis traits without O_COARSE (Model 3). Ranges of determination coefficients of these models were 0.799 to 0.825 in JB and 0.784 to 0.792 in CB. Standardized partial regression coefficients (SPRC) of BMS number in JB and CB were the highest in Model 1 with the values of 0.570 (JB) and 0.407 (CB). Effects of FATPER were the highest in Model 2 and 3. SPRC of O_COARSE and M_COARSE were -0.079 and -0.040 in JB, -0.090 and -0.079 in CB, respectively. This result indicates that rough marbling in the rib eye is an undesirable factor in the determination of carcass value in Japan. Similar SPRC were recognized on COMP with values of -0.033 in JB and -0.045 in CB.View full abstractDownload PDF (1280K) -
Bayaru ERUDEN, Takehiro NISHIDA, Kenji HOSODA, Shigeru SHIOYA, Yimin C ...2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 483-490
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of green tea grounds silage on digestion, rumen fermentation, milk yield and blood components on eight late-lactating Holstein dairy cows were studied. The cows were divided into 2 groups, control group and tea group with 10% green tea grounds silage in dry matter of diet with 4 cows each group. The dry matter (DM) intake and digestibility of the DM were not different in both groups, but crude protein (CP) digestibility in the tea group tended to be lower than the control group. The ruminal pH, number of protozoa and concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) were similar in both groups. The mole percentage of butyric acid and ammonia-nitrogen concentration of rumen liquor in the tea group were significantly (P<0.05) lower than the control group. Compared to the control group, the plasma concentrations of glucose and cholesterol were unchanged, concentration of triglyceride tended to increase and concentration of urea nitrogen was significantly (P<0.05) decreased in the tea group. Milk yield, milk fat% and milk protein% were not significantly different between the control group and the tea group, but milk lactose% in the tea group was significantly (P<0.05) lower than the control group. These results indicate that green tea grounds silage with 10% of diet as a DM basis can be used for the dairy cows.View full abstractDownload PDF (1097K) -
Ken-ichi HORIGUCHI, Toshiyoshi TAKAHASHI2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 491-497
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objectives of this study were to determine the effect of ruminal dosing of mechanical stimulating brush (Rumen faibu ; RF) on digestibility and on rumen characteristics of steers fed high rice straw at two lengths cuts (2cm and 30cm). Eight Holstein steers (318kg in average body weight) were used. Four steers were orally dosed, three RF per head (RF treatment) and the other four were not dosed (Non-RF). All steers were fed enough concentrate and rice straw to gain 1.4kg/day in body weight. The organic cell wall (OCW) content of the ration was 30% in dry matter basis. The digestibility and nutritive value were not affected by RF dosing and length of rice straw. There were no statistical differences in the ruminal pH, concentration of ammonia-N, total concentration and molar proportion of volatile fatty acid between the Non-RF and the RF treatment. These results show that digestibility and rumen characteristics are not effected by RF dosing when OCW content of feeding diets is about 30% in dry matter with rice straw over 2cm length.View full abstractDownload PDF (1008K) -
Hideki KOJIMA, Hiroyuki HIROOKA, Jouken ISHIDA, Shinnichi KUME, Kazuhi ...2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 499-507
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purposes of this study were to develop a simulation model of phosphorus excretion in dairy cows, and to investigate means to reduce the environmental load of phosphorus from dairy cow excreta. The model was evaluated using two independent data from phosphorus balance experiments of Holstein cows conducted in Japan and America. The model showed a good agreement between the predicted and observed phosphorus excretions for Japanese data, whereas there was an over-prediction for American data. This disagreement might be because the construction of the model was based on Japanese Feeding Standards (1999) and thus it could apply only to Japanese feeding situations. The effects of independent changes in dietary phosphorus concentration (DPC ; g/kg DM) and total 305 day milk yield (TMY ; kg) on total phosphorus excretion (TPexc ; kg) and two environmental loading indexes expressed as the ratio of total phosphorus excretion to total phosphorus intake (I1) and the ratio of total phosphorus excretion to total milk phosphorus (I2) were simulated by using the model. The simulation results revealed that reduced DPC brought decreases in TPexc, I1 and I2, and raised TMY led to an increase in TPexc but decreases in I1 and I2.View full abstractDownload PDF (1060K) -
Tsutomu OHGI, Hirotaka KASUYA, Mamiko FUJITA, Shigeru SAITO, Satoshi H ...2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 509-515
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn experiment was carried out to determine whether the addition of fish meal to grass silage based diets could allow reduction of nitrogen excretion without reducing milk production. Six multiparous cows in middle lactation were randomly assigned to treatment sequences in a replicated 3×3 Latin square design. The total mixed rations consisted of grass silage, steam-rolling corn, soybean meal and fish meal at a ratio of 55 : 39 : 4 : 2, 55 : 34.6 : 8.4 : 2 and 55 : 30 : 15 : 0, respectively, on a DM basis. Rations differed in the percentages of CP(13.2%, 15.1%, 16.7%, respectively), but the percentages of TDN was held constant at 76%. Each period was 18 d. The last 4 d of each period were used for data collection. Blood samples were obtained at the last day of each period. The DM intake, milk yields, milk protein yield and feces N were not affected by the treatment. However, urinary N decreased as the percentages of CP in the rations decreased(125, 98, 69 g/d : P<0.05, respectively). The concentrations of urea-N in milk decreased as the percentages of CP in the rations decreased(14.3, 10.6, 7.3 mg/dl : P<0.01, respectively), and correlated highly with urea-N in serum. Urea-N in milk and serum were correlated highly with urea-N in urine, suggesting that urea-N in milk and serum were useful for the index of excretion of urinary N. Supplementation of fish meal increased slightly the serum concentrations of methionine and lysine in arterial serum and arteriovenous differences. These results showed that the supplementation of fish meal supplied the amino acids limited for milk production, reduced dietary CP without reducing milk production, and decreased excretion of urinary N.View full abstractDownload PDF (865K) -
Akitsugu SENDA, Tadashi NAKAMURA, Tadasu URASHIMA, Ikichi ARAI2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 517-523
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study was to investigate the seasonal incidences of yeast and the seasonal changes of yeast counts (cfu/ml) in a high quality raw milk produced by healthy Holstein cows (≤1×105 somatic cells/ml) bred in Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine and in three local dairy farms near the University campus. The populations of yeasts in teat milk, bulk milk and lorry tank milk as well as in one of teat surfaces which were collected in each month from July, 1999 to June, 2000 were counted. The incidences of yeasts in teat milk, bulk milk, lorry tank milk, and in one of teat surfaces were 47.9%, 100%, 100% and 70.1%, respectively, whereas the mean of yeast counts in these samples were 1.8cfu/ml, 28cfu/ml, 66cfu/ml and 52cfu/cm2, respectively. The levels of yeast counts, which occupied over 90% of the cumulative frequency distributions of the incidence, were ≤10cfu/ml (94.4%) in teat milk, ≤100cfu/ml (97.8%) in bulk milk, ≤150cfu/ml (91.7%) in lorry tank milk, and ≤150cfu/ml (90.8%) in teat surfaces. It was recognized that the yeast counts in these raw milk samples and in teat surfaces overall increased from summer to autumn, and then decreased from winter to spring. It was found that the four major pathogenic yeast species concerning mastitis (C. parapsilosis, C. lambica, C. catenulata, C. rugosa) in teat milk of healthy Holstein cows were detected in summer, not in winter.View full abstractDownload PDF (1027K) -
Tsutomu OHGI, Yasuhiro MINEZAKI, Kazuyuki NISHIMURA, Hirotaka KASUYA, ...2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 525-530
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo obtain the amount of feces, urine and nitrogen excretion, the results of the nitrogen balance trials with primiparous cows (n=128) and multiparous cows (n=131) fed grass silage-based diets carried out in Hokkaido Konsen Agricultural Experiment Station were used. Further, relationship among feces, urine, nitrogen excretion and feed intake in multiparous cows was investigated. The mean milk yield of primiparous cows and multiparous cows was 23.1, 31.5kg/day, and mean body weight was 545kg, 660kg, respectively. The feces volume of primiparous cows and multiparous cows was 35.8 and 51.4kg/day, urine volume was 13.8 and 13.0kg/day, and the volume of feces plus urine was 49.6 and 64.3kg/day, respectively. The feces nitrogen of primiparous cows and multiparous cows was 146, 179g/day, urine nitrogen was 78, 110g/day, and nitrogen excretion(feces plus urine) was 225, 289g/day, respectively. The ratio of nitrogen excretion to nitrogen intake was 55.0 : 55.9%. The corelation coefficients between feces volume and NDF intake, feces nitrogen and CP intake, urine volume and TDN/CP ratio, urine nitrogen and TDN/CP ratio, and urine volume and urine nitrogen, were 0.58, 0.77, -0.58, -0.65 and 0.78, respectively (P<0.001). These results indicate that TDN/CP ratio of diets influences not only urine nitrogen but also urine volume.View full abstractDownload PDF (887K) -
Naoaki MISAWA, Masayuki OYAMADA, Kazuyuki MORIYA, Yasuhiro SUGIMOTO2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 531-536
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new approach for the assessment of environmental pollution caused by cattle feces in the grazing forest was examined. Escherichia coli strains were isolated from cattle feces and river which flows through the grazing forest. To examine the relationships among E. coli isolates from feces and river, a RAPD-PCR followed by cluster analysis was conducted on the basis of the banding profiles. Although E. coli strains were isolated from both cattle feces and river water, E. coli strains isolated from river water at any sampling points examined did not share any identical genotypes with those from cattle feces. These findings indicate that this genotyping method may be applicable for assessing the environmental pollution by cattle feces in the grazing forest.View full abstractDownload PDF (1213K)
Technical Report
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Takashi HAYASHI, Kyoko HODATE, Naoto NAKANISHI, Akira ABE, Mitsuyuki S ...2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 537-545
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study was to analyze the relation between the carcass traits of Japanese Black cattle and various blood plasma constituents containing vitamin A in fattening period. One hundred and forty one beef cattle introduced from November 1999 to October 2000 to 16 ranches which belong to the National Federation of Livestock Agricultural Co-operations were used in the experiment. The experimental animals were steers and heifers of Japanese Black cattle, and were fed ration controlled vitamin A. Blood samples were collected at intervals of 60 days in fattening period, and vitamin A, total protein, GOT, GTP, urea nitrogen, and total cholesterol in blood plasma were analyzed. Carcass weight or each blood plasma constituents were analyzed by variance analysis with least-squares method using sex, sire, and year-month of slaughter the independent variables. To analyze the relation between carcass character and blood plasma constituents, multiple regression analyses were performed on carcass character as dependent variable and on blood plasma as independent variable. Also, the influence of important plasma constituents to carcass characters was studied by stepwise procedure. Furthermore, beef marbling standard score (BMS), beef color standard score (BCS), rib eye muscle area or subcutaneous fat thickness was analyzed by the covariance analysis model using sex, sire, and year-month of slaughter and blood plasma constituents as independent variables. Analysis using the variance analysis model showed a significant effect of sire on vitamin A, total protein, urea nitrogen, and total cholesterol in blood plasma. When vitamin A in blood plasma in the last phase of fattening was reduced, the rib eye muscle area of the carcass expanded. The subcutaneous fat became thick when the total protein concentration in blood plasma in the early phase of fattening was high. When vitamin A concentration in blood plasma in the last phase of fattening period was low, improvement in BMS score of the carcass was expected. The high level of the vitamin A in the last phase of fattening period produced a deep color flesh.View full abstractDownload PDF (1226K)
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