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Volume 52, Issue 9
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Shuichi KAMINOGAWA1981 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 627-638
Published: September 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Chirulan SHIN, Yasushi SATO1981 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 639-645
Published: September 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous papers it was reported that leuconostoc phages were widely distributed among natural cheeses, and host range of these leuconostoc phages was very narrow. The morphology of these leuconostoc phages was also divided into two groups (group A and group B) according to the Bradley's classification. Further experiments were carried out to elucidate several properties of Leuconostoc dextranicum phage Ld-6 that was isolated from blue cheese and its activity against Leuconostoc dextranicum φ 46-8 strain. Leuconostoc dextranicum φ 46-8 strain was isolated from Gouda cheese, belonging to Leuconostoc dextranicum species group V according to the GARVIE's classification. Results obtained are as follows: 1) plaque of phage Ld-6 showed clear halo contributed to bacterial lysis, and its size showed about 2mm diameter on yeast glucose citrate medium using Leuconostoc dextranfcum φ 46-8 strann. 2) phage Ld-6 had noncontractile tail and belonged to group B according to the BRADLEY'S classification. 3) the higher the multiplication of infection of phage Ld-6 to Leuconostoc dextranicum φ 46-8 strain, the faster was the bacterial lysis in yeast glucose citrate medium at 27°C. 4) phage Ld-6 was not inactivated in yeast glucose citrate medium by heat treatment at 63°C for 10 minutes. 5) phage Ld-6 had a latent preiod of 40 to 45 minutes and an average burst size of 300 in yeast glucose citrate medium at 27°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (1059K) -
Yukio WATANABE1981 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 646-652
Published: September 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between the viscoelastic properties of raw chicken meat and floor space in cage, and to find out the viscoelastic differences between breast and thigh meat. The animals used were female Cornish×White Rock-F1 chicken, the number of them were 20 in total. They were divided into 3 groups, namely, individual feeding, two birds feeding per cage, and group feeding. The floor space in cage of these 3 groups was different from each other. The chicken were fed under the above conditions from 5 to 20 weeks-old. Just after slaughter, the breast meat (M. pectoralis superficial) and the thigh meat (M. iliotibialis) were removed. They were immediately put into polyethylene bag, and were kept at -25°C. Several pieces (50mm in length, 20mm in width and 2-4mm in thickness) were taken from each chicken meat by microtome in such a way that long axis of each piece was parallel to the direction of muscle fibers. Then, these pieces were stamped out with a dambell-shaped apparatus. The stress relaxation measurement of these samples was carried out with a chainomatic balance Food Rheometer (Tabai Co., Ltd. ). These samples were stretched 13.5mm at a speed 2.8mm/sec and were kept for 5min in a chamber with 50±5% of relative humidity at 30±1°C. The parameters obtained from stress relaxation test were Fmax (gw), τ (sec), and S/f0(%). The following informations were obtained. 1) τ value on the breast meat was smaller in group feeding than individual feeding and two birds feeding per cage (P⟨0.05). From this result, the breast meat obtained from group feeding seemed to be less elastic than that from individual feeding and that from two birds feeding per cage. 2) S/f0 value on the thigh meat was larger in group feeding than in two birds feeding per cage, suggesting that the former was firmer than the latter. 3) Fmax value was larger in the thigh meat than in the breast meat in each group (P⟨0.05), therefore, the thigh meat appeared to be stronger than the breast meat as to Koshi (Body). 4) τ value on group feeding was larger in the thigh meat than in the breast meat (P⟨0.05), and consequently, the thigh meat appeared to be less elastic and to be tougher than the breast meat.View full abstractDownload PDF (539K) -
Hiroshi SATO, Shogo HANASAKA, Teruhisa IMAMURA1981 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 653-658
Published: September 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn 24 dairy cows of 1st-6th lactation, blood samples were taken at prepartum, 2 weeks. postpartum and thereafter 4 weeks' intervals till dry off. Plasma glucose, lactate, free fatty acid (FFA), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T•h)and urea leves were determined, and their postpartum changes and those differences among cows' lactation numbers were estimated. Plasma glucose level was considerably constant during the early and mid- lactation period, except transient decrease at 2 weeks postpartum in some cows, then it showed to increase during the latee lactation period in many cows. Plasma FFA level at prepartum and early stage after calving was. higher than thereafter. Plasma TG level decreased abruptly after calving, and its level during. lactation period was apparently lower than the prepartum level. After calving, plasma T•Ch level increased progressively to maximum one at 10-18 weeks postpartum, and high level was maintained till dry Off. Plasma T•Ch level during the mid-and late lactation period in the cow of 1 st lactation was significantly higher than that of 2nd-6th lactation. At the early stage of lactation, plasma lactate and urea levels showed to decrease in many cases. Milk yield was. higher in the cows of 3 rd and 4th lactation than in the other cows.View full abstractDownload PDF (399K) -
Yasuo KUZUYA, Yoshihiro KANAMARU, Tamotsu TANAHASHI1981 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 659-664
Published: September 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSReactivated alkaline phosphatase from the cream of goat milk was purified by means of reactivation process, n-butanol treatment, (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. It was purified to a specific activity of 0.08 unit/mg protein. Molecularsieve chromatography of the raw enzyme isolated from cream on a column of Sephadex G-200 revealed the presence of two enzyme peaks I and II with alkaline phosphatase activity, whereas reactivated enzyme showed only a peak corresponding to peak II of raw enzyme. In addition, the peak I of raw enzyme by heat treatment and reactivation process was changed to peak II enzyme and this peak II enzyme was inactivated completely by repeated reactivation process. Polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis of reactivated enzyme showed 2 isozyme bands, whereas the raw enzyme possessed 3 isozyme bands. The optimum pH of the reactivated enzyme was 9.5. The reactivated enzyme was activated by Mg2+ and inhibited by EDTA. The Km value for the substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate was 4.5×10-4M at pH 9.5. Orthophosphate inhibited the reactivated enzyme competitively (Ki=7.5mM) and phenylalanine inhibited the reactivated enzyme by noncompetitive type mechanism (Ki=104.4mM). A comparision of reactivated alkaline phosphatase from goat and cow creams revealed that two enzymes were similar with respect to Sephadex G-200 column chromatography, behavior on disc electrophoresis, pH optimum, and effect of Mg2+ and EDTA.View full abstractDownload PDF (942K) -
Goro KATSUURA, Hajime MIYAMOTO, Takehiko ISHIBASHI1981 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 665-670
Published: September 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was carried out to define.whether Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) activity in the immature rat ovary changes with ages and administration of PMSG. Histochemical demonstrations of this enzyme activity have been done in the ovaries of untreated and PMSG-treated immature rats. Five or 20 i. u. PMSG was administered subcutaneously to 1-43 days old rats and animals were killed 48 hours thereafter. There was no detectable 3β-HSD activity in the germinal epithelium of the ovaries from 3-45 days old rats. The preantralfollicle (PF), small vesicular follicle (SVF) and mature vesicular follicle (MVF) appeared first in the ovaries of 3, 18 and 21 days old rat, respectively. The enzyme activity was not observed in the ovaries of both untreated and PMSG-treated 3 and 6 days old rats. The enzyme activity was first observed in the interstitial gland and theca cells of PF of untreated and PMSG-treated 9 days old rat, and the activity in the interstitial gland of PMSG-treated rat ovary was stronger than that in untreated rat ovary. At 12 days old, no enzyme activity was observed in the granulosa cells of PF from untreated rat ovary, but activity was found in these cells of PF from PMSG-treated rat ovary. Moderate activity was observed in the theca cells of PF and interstitial gland of both untreated and treated rat ovary. Administration of PMSG increased the enzyme activity in PF and interstitial gland of rats killed at 15 days old. No enzyme activity was observed in granulosa cells of PF from both untreated and PMSG-treated 18-45 days old rats. The enzyme activity in untreated and PMSG-treated 21 days old rats became stronger in theca cells of PF and SVF and the interstitial gland than that in 18 days old animals. No response to PMSG treatment was seen in rats killed at 21 and 27 days old except for the theca cells of SVF from 27 days old animals. The enzyme activity in PMSG-treated 33 days old rats became stronger in MVF and the interstitial gland than that in untreated rats, although there was no increase in the activity of PF and SVF. At 39 days old, administration of 5i. u. PMSG increased the enzyme activity in the theca cells of PF and SVF and the interstitial gland compared to that of untreated animals, although there was no enzymic response to administration of 20i. u. PMSG. Administration of PMSG increased the enzyme activity in the theca cells and interstitial gland of rats killed at 45 days old. The corpus luteum appeared at first in 45 days old rats, and administration of PMSG resulted in increases in the enzyme activity of the corpus luteum. These results show that ovarian 3β-HSD activity in untreated immature rats changes with ages and that differences of the response to PMSG administration are depending upon the ages of immature rats used. In many cases, administration of PMSG to immature rats resulted in increases in ovarian 3β-HSD activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (1033K) -
Hiroshi ITOH, Yoshiaki TERASHIMA, Atsushi HAYASHIZAKI1981 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 671-679
Published: September 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRice straw (RS), rice hulls (RH) and ammoniated RS and RH, which were treated with 2.5%, 5.0% and 10.0% of ammonia (by wt.)at 45°C for 3 days, were incubated with rumen liquor and artificial saliva for 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. These specimens were observed by a scanning electron microscope to clarify the structural changes caused by ammonia treatment and bacterial degradation. No remarkable changes in structure were found in the 2.5% ammonia-treated RS except for a slight shrinkage in vascular bundle sheath. Cells of the vascular bundle sheath and phloem were collapsed by 5% ammonia treatment. In the 10% ammonia-treated RS, the outer layer, consisted of epidermis, small bundle sheath and sclerenchyma, was thinned off and most of parenchyma was removed. A less structural change of the original RS was observed during the 6-hr and 12-hr incubation period. Microbial digestion of cell content, especially starch granules, and of cell wall of parenchyma was apparently promoted by the increase in ammonia concentration for treatment and by the incubation time. The decrease in thickness of sclerenchymal cell wall observed in both the ammoniated and incubated RS indicated an abundant supply of digestible materials from this cell. In rice hulls, the structural changes were emphasized at the high ammonia concentration. The thinned sclerenchymal cell wall and the disappearance of parenchyma was observed in the 10% ammonia-treated RH. After 48-hr incubation of the original RH, most of the parenchyma was digested and some of the sclerenchymal cells were collapsed. Microbial degradation of RH was promoted by the increase in ammonia concentration and incubation time. It was observed in rice hulls that lignin and silica were the main factors that impede the structural changes caused by ammonia treatment and microbial degradation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1813K) -
Takeshi TSUCHIYA, Tadahiko HOSHINO, Hideo TAMATE1981 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 680-685
Published: September 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe localizations of glycogen in the sheep kidneys were examined histochemically. In the suckling lamb kidney, a great deal of glycogen deposits were found in the collecting tubules. No glycogen deposits were found in other parts of the uriniferous tubules and in the glomerulus. In the untreated adult sheep kidney, the glycogen deposits were found predominatly in the thick limbs of Henle's loop in addition to the collecting tubules. The glycogen deposits in the collecting tubules in the untreated adult sheep were less than those in the suckling lamb. This suggests that the glycogen deposits in the collecting tubules are related to the development of uriniferous tubules. In the kidneys from the butyrate-treated adult sheep, the glycogen deposits increased significantly in the thick limbs of Henle's loop and moderately in the collecting tubules in comparison with those in the untreated adult sheep. The deposits may be the dysfunctional glycogen due to acidosis caused by butyric acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (991K) -
Hideo YANO, Tadasu KOBAYASHI, Ryoji KAWASHIMA1981 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 686-688
Published: September 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Susceptibility of S-Carboxymethylated β-Lactoglobulin to Peptic, Tryptic and Chymotryptic DigestionsHajime OTANI1981 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 689-691
Published: September 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (126K)
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