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Volume 58, Issue 6
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Takeru KOBAYASHI, Hisao ITABASHI1987 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 455-460
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of intravenous, intraruminal and intraduodenal infusions of volatile fatty acid (VFA) on the concentration of plasma glucose, insulin and gastrin was studied using five Holstein calves (six months old). All calves were fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulae. They were given acetic, propionic or butyric acid within2-5min at a dose of 1.0 (m-mol/kg body wt) for intravenous, 3.9 for intraruminal and 3.2for intraduodenal infusion, respectively. Plasma glucose levels increased after intravenous infusion of propionic and butyric acid. In the case of intraruminal infusion, only propionic acid had slight increasing effect of it. Any increases were observed when infused intraduodenally. Insulin levels increased remarkably after intravenous and intraduodenal infusions of propionic and butyric acid.Intraruminal infusion of VFA, except acetic acid, caused a small increase of it.Gastrin levels increased after intravenous infusion of propionic and butyric acid.Intraruminal infusion of these acids caused a slight but substantial increase of it. On the other hand, all VFA caused rapid increase in gastrin levels when they were infused intraduodenally and its higher levels were maintained during1-2hr after infusion.View full abstractDownload PDF (981K) -
Hiroshi SATO, Yoshio KUDO, Tetsuo MISHIMA, Kinoe KASHlWAGI1987 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 461-466
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn 3 lactating dairy cows with a rumen fistula, the effects of feeding systems on ruminal and blood metabolite levels, feeding behaviour and lactation performancewere investigated.The cows were in mid lactation, and were fed uia 3 feeding systems;(1) 2 meals of daily concentrate and free access to hay and cornsilage (2meals), (2) 4 meals of daily concentrate and freeaccess to hay and silage (4 meals), (3) ad libitum feeding of total mixed ration (TMR) composed of concentrate, hay andsilage (42: 18: 40on DM basis).Hourly samples of mmina1 fluid and venous blood were taken for 24 hrs (12hrs for bllod).Mean feed intakes were 17.7, 18.0 and 18.9kg (DM) daily for the feeding systems of 2, 4 meals and TMR, respectively. Milk fat level was somewhat raised by 4 meals and TMR systems, but milk yield was little innuenced by feeding systems. Duration of eating activity was 234, 261 and 323 min, respectively and ruminating time was 446, 453 and 498 min daily for the feeding systems of 2, 4 meals and TMR, respectively. Diumal fluctuations of ruminal pH were lessened by frequent feeding and TMR systems. Though, mminal VFA levels were scarcely inHuenced by feeding systems, a decline of acetate/propionate ratio andthe elevation of ruminal NH3level were observed frequently in the 2 meal system.Plasma urea level showed an increase after the morning feed with a peak level at 2-3 hrs after feeding, but, its postprandial shape was little innuenced by feeding methods.After themorning feed, plasma glucose level declined in 2 and 4 mealsystems, but it scarcely declined after the morning feeding in the TMR system.View full abstractDownload PDF (1056K) -
Masaaki WAKITA, Yasuo KOBAYASHI, Sadao HOSHINO1987 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 467-473
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of salinomycin (SL) on daily gain, feed conversion and ruminal fluid characteristics were investigated with 16 Japanese Black heifers.Eight heifers per pen were fed a concentrate supplemented with 0 and 20 ppm SL for 337 days starting at 9 months of age. The amounts and ingredients of concentrates were alterated with the growth stage of animals.The heifers in both groups received daily an equal amount of concentrate with or without SL, but were free access to rice straw and water. Final body weight and average daily gain were significantly (p<0.05) increased by SL feeding and the feed conversion in SL-fed heifers was improved by 11%.Ruminal pH was not consistently affected with supplemental SL.Ammonia nitrogen concentration in ruminal fluid decreased remarkably with supplemental SL.Total protozoa number was decreased by SL feeding but was not so different between control and SL feeding 245 days after the feeding.Total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration was not altered notably by supplemental SL.The molar proportion of propionic acid increased, while that of acetic acid and butyric acid decreased, and acetate to propionate ratio decreased with supplemental SL.In the initial period of experiment differences in ammonia nitrogen concentration, protozoa number and VFA molar percentages between control and SL feeding groups were remarkable. The improvement of feed conversion in SL-fedheifers was also more evident in the initial period.View full abstractDownload PDF (907K) -
Hajime OTANI, Akiyoshi HOSONO1987 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 474-482
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPeptide 1-65 was isolated from cyanylated β-lactoglobulin kept in alkaline solution, and the antigenic reactivity with antiserum towards browning product between β-lactoglobulin and lactose (Lac-β-Lg) was compared with that of peptide 25-107.In a quantitative precipitin reaction of S-carboxymethylated β-lactoglobulin with anti Lac-β-Lg antiserum, peptides 1-65 and 25-107, and a mixture of peptides 1-65 and 25-107 were inhibited by 51.9%, 55.2% and 55.0%, respectively.Further, the binding ability of peptide 1-65 with anti Lac-β-Lg antibody was very similar to that of peptide 25-107 or the mixture of peptide 1-65 and 25-107 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.In the light of both these results and the antigenic activities of peptides 1-7, 8-24, 25-40, 41-107, 25-61, 62-107, 108-124, 125-145, 108-145 and 146-162, it is concluded that antigenic sites formed in Lac-β-Lg locate in sequences 41-61 and 125-145, and near tryptophane residue at position 61 in the primary structure of β-lactoglobulin.View full abstractDownload PDF (1748K) -
Tatsushi INOUE, Koji TOYOKAWA, Kaizo TSUBOMATSU1987 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 483-489
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is considered that rice straw which contains a large proportion of characteristic insoluble components is digested more slowly than forages of high quality, when in vitro digestion methods are adopted.This study aimed to determine the optimum incubation time in both the rapid cellulase method and the artificial rumen method, and the following results were obtained.
1.The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) determined by the rapid cellulase method was much increased with incubation time up to two hours, but was still lower than the in vivo dry matter digestibility.
2.IVDMD determined by the artificial rumen method was not stabilized over 72 hours of incubation, and also it varied with the rumen fluid inocula taken from wethers under different feeding regimes.
3.IVDMD determined after the two-hour incubation by the rapid cellulase method and also that after the 72-hour incubation by artificial rumen method were highly correlated with in vivo dry matter digestibility. Correlation coefficients were 0.954 (P<0.01) and 0.899 (P<0.01), respectively.
4.It is concluded that the rapid cellulase method would be proper to estimate the nutritive value of rice straw in vitro, and the optimum incubation time would be two hours in applying this method to rice straw.View full abstractDownload PDF (862K) -
Haruhisa IKUMO, Motohiko ISHIDA, Akihiro TAKIGAWA1987 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 490-496
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study on acetic acid and furfural, which are products of steamtreated woods, was carried out. Four kinds of steam-treated wood samples in the study had an average of 2.04 and 0.62% acetic acid and furfural, respectively, under the two conditions of 10.5 kg/cm2 pressure for 20 min and 17 kg/cm2 for 15 min. Since both compounds are volatile, measurement of the samples' moisture content by oven-drying at 105°C for 16 hrs resulted in about an 85% and 88% volatile loss of acetic acid and furfural, respectively, which led to an overestimation of moisture content. Apparent moisture content as calculated by drying had an overestimation of about 6% in volatile loss. On the other hand, moisture content as measured by the toluene distillation method was close to the estimated true moisture content and this method was considered to be much more applicable than drying. Furfural depressed the production of volatile fatty acids in vitro rumen fermentation, where it was observed that furfural changed into furfuryl alcohol and seemed to be little utilized by ruminants as an energy source. This indicates that furfural production in steam-treated woods is unfavourable.View full abstractDownload PDF (1090K) -
Norihide KAKIICHI, Shinichi KAMATA, Shigeru KOBAYASHI, Kazuo UCHIDA1987 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 497-504
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInvestigation was carried out to improve nitrogen removal efficiency in the treatment of swine feces by the aerated lagoon process. The modified aerated lagoon process of semi-batch style for denitrification (trial) was compared with the aerated lagoon process performed in a completely aerobic condition (control).The trial process was conducted under the following conditions: Inflow time of 3 hours, gentle stirring for denitrification for 5 hours, aeration for 17 hours and settling for 2 hours.The control process was performed under the following conditions: Inflow time of the 3 hours, aeration for22hours and settling for2hours. The detention time was5days in both processes. The experimental period was 20 days. The following results were obtained.
1) There was no significant difference in effluent TOC between the two processes.T-N and NO-3-N in the effluent, however, were significantly (p<0.01) less in the trial than in the control process.
2) To obtain a satisfactory nitrogen removal efficiency, the acclimation for more than 8 days was necessary before application of the trial process.
3) When the TOC/T-N ratio exceeded 3, nitrogen removal efficiency rangedfrom 85 to 96%.
In conclusion, the modified aerated lagoon process of semi-batch style for denitrification made it possible to performed BOD reduction, nitrification, denitrification and settling in only one reactor for one day.View full abstractDownload PDF (942K) -
Yasuko TOGAMURA, Akira MIYAZAKI, Ryoji KAWASHIMA1987 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 505-510
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRices straw steamed at a pressure of 22.5kg/cm2 for1, 1.5, 2.3 and 4 minutes was analysed for in vitro digesnibility to denermine an opnimum treatment time.OM digestibiliny was improved from 51% to 77% by treaning the straw for 2 minutes, but leveled off thereafter.A digesnion trial using adult wethers was then conducted to invesnigate nutritive value of exploded rice straw treated for 2 minunes.A basal diet (mixed hay 40% and wheat bran 60%), a rice straw diet (basal diet 70% and rice straw 30%) and an exploned straw diet (basal diet 70% and exploned sntraw 30%) were fed to six wethers in a double 3×3 Latin square design.Apparent OM digesnibility of rice straw was increased significantly (P<.01) from 43% to 53% by the explosion treatment.An increase of OM digestibility was mainly contribuned by the improvement of cellulose digesnibility. DE and ME were elevaned from.1.67 to 2.16, and from 1.31 to 1.75 Mcal/kg DM, respectively.Nitroge nrenention of the exploned straw diet was alittle lower than that of the innact straw diet, but without a statistically significant difference.View full abstractDownload PDF (825K) -
Toshio TANAKA, Tadashi YOSHIMOTO1987 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 511-515
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments were carried out to clarify how feeding behavior wouldb e affected after subjecting hens to the following modes of feeding: NN, ad libitum feeding for 96 hr; NF, force feeding of 40g of feed diluted with60ml of water after the ad libitum feeding for 96 hr; DN, feed deprivation for24hr; and DF, force feeding after 24 hr of feed deprivation. After subjected to these modes of feeding, the hens were provided with pellets at 10:00 A. M. in each case. At exactly 30min following this, the amounts of feed intake were measured and found to be 4.2, 0, 39.8 and 22.1g, respectively. The proportion of food tampering to all pecks at feed during this period decreased in the order of NF, NN, DF and DN.It was concluded that in each case the feeding activity itself was due to feed available to these feeding modes, but the proportion of food tampering to all pecks at feed could change according to the degree of hunger and motivation to eat.View full abstractDownload PDF (645K) -
Kunio YAMAUCHI, Keiji IGOSHI, Shuichi KAMINOGAWA1987 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 516-527
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe proteinase was purified from Gouda-type cheese by combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation, and CM-Sephadex and DEAE-cellulose chromatographies. The purified enzyme exhibited homogeneity in disc electrophoresis, and was most active at pH 8.0.Diisopropyl-fluorophosphate inactivated the enzyme, which was also inhibited by N-α-tosyl-L-lysine-chloromethylketone and soybean trypsin inhibitor. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 100, 000. Several fragments were generated by treating αs1-casein with the enzyme. The decomposed products of β-casein by the enzyme had an equal mobility to γ-casein (β-CN (f 29-209), β-CN (f 106-269) and β-CN (f 109-209)).These properties of the enzyme were similar to those of alkaline proteinase in milk, and therefore, the enzyme is regarded as alkaline proteinase in milk.View full abstractDownload PDF (2041K) -
Kei-ichi SHIMAZAKI, Hideki NAKAJIMA1987 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 528-531
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlthough horse immunoglobulins from serum have been utilized for medical use such as anti-toxin preparations, their physiological and biological properties, apart from the antigen-antibody reaction, are little known. One of the biological properties possessed by immunoglobulin molecules is their specific affinity to Staphylococcal Protein A. In the cases of immunoglobulins of other animals such as human, rat, mouse, rabbit etc., preparation and quantitative assay of immunoglobulins in serum, milk and other secretions have been carried out based on their specific interactions with immobilized Protein A. However, such techniques are rarely applied to horse immunoglobulins, due to the lack of basic information on the binding properties to Protein A. The purpose of this study is to investigate the binding properties of horse colostral immunoglobulin to Protein A.View full abstractDownload PDF (502K) -
Shin-ichiro KATSUDA, Noriji TABA, Hiroshi HOSOMI1987 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 532-534
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe previously reported the mean level and variability of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) for 6 hrs in unanesthetized rabbits.The variability of MAP was significantly small, if MAP was in the normotensive range.This suggest that the carotid sinus and aortic arch baroreflex systems might powerfully control arterial blood pressure (AP) in a normotensive state.However, there are quantitative differences in responsiveness of the carotid sinus and aortic arch baroreceptors.The carotid sinus baroreceptor responds to change in AP above 50-60mmHg and functions most powerfully at around 100mmHg.The aortic arch baroreceptor initiates to respond to AP above 80-90mmHg and operates most strongly at 120-160mmHg. In a normotensive state, the carotid sinus baroreceptor is considered to contribute much to regulation of AP in comparison with the aortic arch baroreceptor.If the carotid sinus baroreflex does not function, AP could become unstable.
In the present study, effects of bilateral sectioning of the carotid sinus nerves on mean level and stability of MAP were examined in conscious rabbits.MAP recordings for 6 hrs were performed before and after sectioning the carotid sinus nerves.Mean value and standard deviation of MAP in carotid sinus denervated rabbits were compared with those in intact rabbits.View full abstractDownload PDF (398K) -
Mitsuhiro FURUSE, Hiroshi KOMAKI, Masayoshi OSHIO, Masaru KIKUCHI, Hir ...1987 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 535-537
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe unique ability of ruminants to utilize non-protein nitrogen (NPN) in place of dietary protein has been extensively investigated.Several NPN compounds such as urea, ammonium salts, biuret and isobutylidene diurea (IBDU) have been studied. Biuret and IBDU which release ammonia slowly in the rumen are less liable than urea to lead to accidental toxicity, but neither biuret nor IBDU is found to be superior to urea in nitrogen utilization. There was, however, little evidence as to the value of various amide-nitrogen except for the amides of asparatic and glutamic acid.
In the present study, the effects of dietary propionamide on digestibility of feeds in goats were investigated as both potential nitrogen and energy sources.View full abstractDownload PDF (444K) -
Tsutomu FUJIHARA1987 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 538-542
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn ruminants given a roughage filled diet, their rumination behaviour appears to be influenced by the changes of amount of daily ration, and also by the physical and chemical properties of feed. Likewise, the changes in rumination behaviour would obviously relate to the utilization of roughage feed.
In the series of experiments on the utilization of silages made from the fibrous residues left after the extraction of leaf protein concentrates of legumes in sheep, it has been reported that the time spent eating and ruminating with the silages were fairly lesser than those with orchardgrass and timothy hays, when used as a roughage and it was found to be equal in food value. Furthermore, it has also been reported, on the bas is of eating and rumination behaviour in sheep, that the nutritive value of dried fibrous residues from legume plants should be a little superior to that of the same fibrous residues after ensiling.
In this paper, the eating and rumination behaviour in sheep fed with the dried fibrous residues left after the extraction of leaf protein concentrates of oat and Italian-ryegrass are discussed in relation to the utilization of the residues as a roughage feed.The data was obtained from the sheep in the experiment described by Fujihara and Ohshima.View full abstractDownload PDF (485K)
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