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Volume 41, Issue 4
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Kazutaka HOMMA1970 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 171-176
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
I. Distribution of GOT activity in chicken organs and its changes with growthKoichiro IKEDA, Toshiko TAKADO, Takao SUGIHASHI1970 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 177-181
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is well known that glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) is widely distributed in mammalian organs and that its activity is influenced by diverse nutritional and physiological conditions. This studies were undertaken to determine the distribution of GOT activity in various chicken organs and its changes during growth.
From day old to eight week old broilers (W. C.×W. P. R.) were fed a semipurified diet (C. P. 20%) which contained whole egg powder as a sole source of protein. Growth records were kept and fresh samples of 2g. of various organs were homogenized in a Potter-Elvehjem type glass homogenizer with 18 volumes of ice cold 0.1M phosphate buffer, pH7. 6. Using this homogenate as a crude enzyme solution, GOT activity was determined by the method of Reitman-Frankel. GOT activity was found in all of thirteen organs (heart, kidney, liver, pancreas, brain, glandular stomack, duodenum, breast muscle, gizzard, spleen, rectum, jejunum), but the distribution of activity varied greatly among the organs examined.
GOT was distributed comparatively widely in heart in heart and kindney, less in liver, pancreas, brain and glandular stomack, and further less in duodenum, breast muscle, gizzard, spleen, rectum and jejunum.
GOT activity in liver was determined every week and that in kidney, heart, glandular stomack and pancreas was determined at third, fifth and eighth week. It was found that GOT activity of chicken organs was almost constant for 8 weeks as far as chickens were fed the same diet.View full abstractDownload PDF (328K) -
Masayoshi NIIYAMA, Katsumoto KAGOTA, Yasushi KASUYA1970 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 182-189
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is believed that the process of ossification is well related with body maturity. For the purpose of studies of retardation in swine growth, the appearance of ossification centers of extremities as maturity indicator was radiographically investigated in young pigs from birth to 13 weeks of age. In this paper, appearing times and orders of ossification centers were observed, especially paying attention to the difference between breeds and sexes.
The results are summarized as follows.
1) Most of the ossification centers except for Os carpale I appeared within 13 weeks of age. Trochanter major and T. minor were not difficult to distinguish radiographically, but were recognized in thin sections, at 1 week in the former and at 13 weeks in the latter respectively.
2) At birth, the ossification centers in Landrace were better developed than those in Yorkshire, however, after birth this tendency was not clear especially in sesamoides, and the appearance of Os carpi accessorium rather delayed in Landrace.
3) The ossification centers of females were observed to appear earlier than those of males, but the appearing orders were almost same in both sexes.
4) As regards the appearing orders of centers of hands and feet, two tendencies were observed in Metacarpus, Metatarsus and Digitus. The one was precociousness of Digitus III. IV than II. V, and the other was the earlier appearance of epiphyseal ossification centers of hands than of feet.
5) Yorkshire was characterized by the earlier appearance of ossification center of Os carpi accessorium than Caput fibulae, Tuberositas tibiae and Patella, and by the earlier appearance of Os sesamoidium of II. V phalanx proximalis than Os sesamoidium metatarsale, and also by the earlier appearance of Os sesamoidium of phalanx distalis than that of proximalis. On the other hand, in Landrace these ossification centers appeared in reverse orders.View full abstractDownload PDF (596K) -
I. Isolation of bacteriophage for lactic acid bacteria and its characteristics on the bacterial lysisYasushi SATO, Chirulan SHIN1970 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 190-196
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe bacteriophage of lactic acid bacteria has been considered as one of the agents responsible for delay in lactic acid fermentation occurring in the process of manufacture of fermented milk.
The purpose of this study is the fundamental characterization of lysis of lactic acid bacteria by phage and this paper deals with the characerization of lysis of lactic acid bacteria by virulent phage which was isolated from sewage, infective to Str. faecalis IAM 1262 and named 1.
Results obtained are as follows;
1) The morphology of the phage 1 was resembled to tadpole. The size of the phage 1 was about 730A×740A and the tail length was about 2970A.
2) The phage 1 had a narrow host range.
3) The higher the multiplicity of infection was used, the faster the bacterial lysis occurred
4) The phage 1 was inactivated by heat treatment at 70°C for 35 min, 80°C for 10 min, or 90°C for 5 min.
5) At the pH value lower than 4.5, multiplication of the phage 1 was suppressed.
6) The adsorption rate of the phage 1 to host cell was about 80% at 37°C for 30 min. at pH6.0 and 4.0 were almost same, but at pH4.5 and 5.0 then were rather lower.View full abstractDownload PDF (918K) -
II. Effect of selection and inbreeding on the RNA/DNA ratioYUNG-YI SUNG1970 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 197-208
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of selection and inbreeding on the RNA/DNA ratio of mammary gland was studied. Adopting outbred CFW strain mice as a foundation stock, selection and full-sib mating were carried out until 13 th generation. The results are briefly summarized as follows.
1) Changes of fresh and D. F. F. weights of mammary gland, total DNA and RNA contents. and RNA/DNA ratio were seemed to increase slightly with generations but linear regressions on changes of these characters were not significant except the total RNA content. However, most of these changes were significant in cosideration with the control group to eliminate the effect of inbreeding depression.
The heritability of RNA/DNA ratio of mammary gland was computed by applying the ratio of response to selection. It was estimated as 2=+0.0998 and it seemed difficult to obtain easy validity of selection owing to the larger effect of environment on them.
2) The decrease of litter size by succession of selection and inbreeding was not clear in. this experiment. It seemed probable that selection on mammary function had indirect influence on the increase of the fertility.
Changes of various characters in mother with generations were estimated and discussed. All of these changes seemed to decrease with generations, but they were not significant except the second parturition weight, however, almost all of the regression coefficients of these characters. turn to positive if they are corrected by those of the cotrol group. But they also lack significance.
3) Change of body weight of pups showed a tendency to decrease with generations but they lacked significance. This seems to indicate that improving the mammary function may be avoided more or less the decrease of litter weight which was affected by inbreeding depression.
4) It was clear that the character of mammary function was more complicated than body weight character in comparison with those of coefficients of variation.View full abstractDownload PDF (619K) -
Hiro-omi YOKOTA, Iwao TASAKI1970 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 209-215
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStudies have been made on the sites and the rates of absorption of representative neutral, basic and acidic L-and D-amino acids in the chicken intestine in situ. L-methionine and Lalanine were absorbed more slowly from the duodenum and the jejunum than from the ileum D-methionine and D-alanine were absorbed maximumly in the lower ileum. The absorption rates of L-and D-phenylalanine had a trend to increase progressively from the duodenum to the lower ileum. The absorption rate of L-form was always larger than that of D-form in these 3 amino acids. L-lysine, a basic amino acid, was absorbed more rapidly from the jejunum and the ileum than from the duodenum, but D-lysine from the jejunum than from the other segments. The most outstanding characteristic of this amino acid is that the absorption rate of L-and D-form was almost the same except for the duodenum and the upper ileum. L-glutamic acid, an acidic amino acid, was rapidly absorbed from the upper jejunum and the lower ileum than from the other segments. D-glutamic acid was absorbed minimumly in the duodenum
and the upper jejunum. The absorption pattern of α-aminoisobutyric acid, a non-metabolizable amino acid, was very similar to that of L-lysine. If α-aminoisobutyric acid was absorbed only by simple diffusion, the ratio of absorption rate of amino acids to that of α-aminoisobutyrc acid indicates the extent of the active amino acid absorption. As a result, L-methionine, Lalanine (except for the jejunum) and L-phenylalanine from all the sites of the intestine was absorbed by active mechanism, but L-lysine and D-lysine from the most part of the intestine was not absorbed actively but by simple diffusion. Moreover, most of D-amino acids showed the self-inhibitory effect, which resulted in the lowering of the absorption rate.View full abstractDownload PDF (850K)
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