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Volume 54, Issue 3
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Sadao HOSHINO1983 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 153-164
Published: March 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Yoshiyuki OHTAKE1983 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 165-171
Published: March 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe research was conducted to recognize the differences and correlations in some characteristics of porcine fats among three adipose tissue lipids from different depot sites on the market pig carcasses. The correlation for the concentration of C18:1 acid was not so high between kidney leaf fats and inner back fats or outer back fats (r=0.61 and O.58, respectively). But the correlations for the concentrations of other fatty acids, such as C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:2 and total saturated fatty acid, and for the ratio of total saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid were considerably high on the mutual comparisons among the three adipose tissue lipids. The correlations for the melting points of fats among the three kind of depot fats were high, and the correlations for the refractive indexes of fats were also higher than those of melting points. From the results obtained on the respective comparisons of each fatty acid concentration, melting point and refractive index of fats from three depot sites, it was known that the correlations of inner back fats with outer back fats were high on all characteristics of fats as compared with the correlations of kidney leaf fat with inner and outer back fat on the same characteristics. Separate research was conducted to study the differences and correlations in characteristics of kidney leaf fat and muscle lipid obtained from M. glutaeus of pigs. The correlations for the concentrations of each fatty acid of kidney leaf fats with those of muscle phospholipids were low. The correlations for the concentrations of fatty acids of muscle neutral lipids with those of phos pholipids were also low, with the exception of the cases of C16:0 and C18:1 acid concentrations. On the other hand, the correlations for the concentrations of each fatty acid of kidney leaf fats with those of muscle neutral lipids were considerably high, though that correlations were not so much high compared with the correlations among the various adipose tissue lipids.View full abstractDownload PDF (496K) -
Takatoshi ITOH, Susumu ADACHI, Keiko HARYU, Atsuo YAMAJI1983 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 172-178
Published: March 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe analytical method for the total solid content of milk by heat drying (the Japanese official method) was evaluated from several points of procedure. Soild content of milk continuously decreased by prolonged heating in an air oven and constant value which is described in the official method was difficulty attained. The continued loss of weight may be partly attributted by conversion of milk constituents into volatile components such as carbonyls, hydrogensulfide, acidic and basic components which were confirmed to be generated from milk solid during heating. Gas chromatographic analysis of moisture content remaining in milk soild after drying revealed that heating time in an air oven for the official method is reasonable to set 3 hours because residual moisture in dried solid reaches minimum after 3 hours heating. Dried solid heated for 3 hours still contains, however, about 1% of moisture which is not eliminated by prolonged heating. Slight absorption of moisture by dried soild was also observed during cooling in desiccator after heating. Vacuum drying at 98±2°C accelerated drying and decreased residual moisture of dried solid but weight loss was continued throughout drying. By vacuum drying method at 68±2°C, milk soild was insufficiently dried even by 5 hours heating. Freeze drying method was also evaluated as a method for gravimetric measurement of milk solid. Milk was well dehydrated into porous state like sponge without any sign of browning. Residual moisture decreased to about one-half of those found in heat dried solid. On drying operation, prefreezing was necessary but preevaporation on boiling water bath and cooling in desiccator after heating were not required. This drying principle may be employed as a more correct and available gravimetric method for the determination of total solid content of milk.View full abstractDownload PDF (545K) -
Yoshiyuki OHTAKE1983 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 179-186
Published: March 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe adipose tissue fats from different dept sites of swine with soft fat and normal fat were investigated by stereospecific analysis and argentation thin-layer chromatography procedure to reveal some features of soft fat pork lipids. Fats of swine with soft fat contained more C18:2, C18:3 and total unsaturated fatty acids and less C16:0 and C18:0 acids than those of normal fat. The adipose tissue lipids, both of soft fat and normal fat, had similar fatty acid distributions in triacylglycerols with most of the C14:0, C16:0 and C16:1 acids in position 2 and much of the C18:0 acid in position 1, although kidney leaf fat of swine with normal fat with high C18:0 acid content had significant amount of this acid in position 3. On the other hand, C18:1 and C18:2 acids preferentially esterified to positions 1 and 3. The lower C16:0 acid concentration of soft fat than that of normal fat were mainly accounted for the difference of this acid content in position 1. And the large amounts of C18:2 acid in soft fat were resulted from the higher concentrations of this acid in all three positions of soft fat triacylglycerols than in those of normal fat. Back fats of soft fat pork had less concentrations of C18:0 acid in psition 3 than those of normal fat in corresponding of position, and it seemed that these decreased amounts of C18:1 acid in position 3 of soft fat triacylglycerols were largely compensated by the increased amounts of C18:2 acid in the same position. The amounts of component triacylglycerols of adipose tissue fats were calculated with results from the known fatty acid distribution in the intact triacylglycerols, assuming a 1-random, 2-random, 3-random arrangement. Fats of swine with soft fat contained more S2U and U3 triacylglycerols and less S3 and S2U than those of the corresponding depot site fats of swine with normal fat. The triacylglycerols of adipose tissue fats were separated according to degree of unsaturation by argentation thin-layer chromatography. The proportions of the more saturated triacylglycerol species such as S3 and S2M were significantly less and the proportions of the more unsaturated species with three or more double bonds such as SMD, SD2 and M2D were greater in soft fat pork lipids than in normal fat. (Abbreviations used in this were as follows; S: saturated, U: unsaturated, M: monoenoic, and D: dienoic fatty acid)View full abstractDownload PDF (570K) -
Kazuo KATOH, Yasuyuki SASAKI, Tsuneyuki TSUDA1983 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 187-191
Published: March 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present experiment was carried out to establish the acid-base status of arterial and various abdominal venous blood in sheep and to discuss the respiratory alkalosis-like characteristic in this animal. The abdominal veins of sheep had a pH (or Pco2) gradient: the mean pH was lowest in the right ruminal venous blood (pH=7.129 ±0.206) and gradually increased with approach to the vena cava inferior (PH=7.363±0.065), while the Pco2 changed in an opposite manner (from 82.6±31.7 to 40.1±5.0 mmHg). The results in the right ruminal venous blood might be due to the neutralization of volatile fatty acids absorbed through the ruminal epithelium by HCO3-in the blood, resulting in higher Pco2 and lower pH. Furthermore, the mean values of pH in arterial and venous blood of sheep seemed higher than those of the cow or human, mainly because of a lower Pco2. The physiological role of this characteristic in sheep is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (285K) -
Shigeki KOBAYASHI, Yutaka YOSHIDA, Sakae KAWASHIMA1983 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 192-199
Published: March 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRearing and fattening processes of Holstein cattle in Japan have changed recently to early weaning and forced group feeding in a short period. Such unnat- ural feeding can often cause a temporary growth stagnation in calves or steers. It is known that growth falls are often compensated in a later period, but there are not many papers which report the effects of temporary growth stagnations on the total body weight gain over the whole fattening period. We examined the emergence periods of stagnation and compensation of growth and the effects of growth in the early stage on the total body weight gain by using 20 male calves at the Fuji Branch of the University Farm, the Tokyo University of Agriculture. In the results, growth stagnations were observed at the age of 4 to 6 months (the lowest 0.46kg/day at 5 months), which were presumed to have been caused by castration and feed conversion. The growth stagna-tion in the early stage had a tendency to be compensated in the subsequent rearing period, and didn't affect the total weight gain over the whole period. The total weight gain rather had significant correlations with the average daily gains at 186-215 days, 216-245 days, 246-276 days, 277-306 days, 334-365 days and 455-485 days. It was not affected by the age and the body weight at the beginning of rearing. To maintain good feeding conditions especially at the age of 6-10 months seemed to be important to attain a high level of rearing and fattening efficiency of Holstein steers.View full abstractDownload PDF (984K) -
Kazuyoshi HIRAO, Masayuki YAMAGISHI, Katsutoshi ABE1983 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 200-205
Published: March 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe peripheral blood was taken from ten cows of group C1 and three cows of group C2 selected at random from a certain farm to examine the incidences of sper-matozoan phagocytosis by leucocytes. Leucocytes were collected from the peripheral blood by the use of ammonium chloride solution. The incidences of phagocytosis of spermatozoa in each group of cows were estimated under phase contrast microscopy after incubation at 37°C for 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes. Examinations were carried out severally on spermatozoa taken from 5 bulls in group C1 and on frozen-thowed sper-matozoa from 12 bulls in group C2. The incidences of phagocytosis were relatively low, ranged from 2.5 to 19.5% in group C1 and 1.3 to 19.3% in group C2, and increased with the number of spermatozoa mixed and with the increased incubation time. In group C1 cows, the incidences of phagocytosis were significantly high in a mixture of leucocytes and spermatozoa at 1:2 ratio, and incubated for more than 120 minutes. Significantly high incidences of phagocytosis were found in the four infertile cows of group C1. Asignificantly negative correlation was found between the incidence of phagocytosis and the sperm motility, and its linear regression equation was obtained in group C2 cows. It is implied that spermatozoan phagocytosis by leucocytes may be influenced by the motility of spermatozoa and has a relationship with conception rate of the cows from which leucocytes were collected.View full abstractDownload PDF (369K) -
Yasuko TOGAMURA, Akira MIYAZAKI, Ryoji KAWASHIMA, Takayoshi HIGUCHI, M ...1983 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 206-208
Published: March 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Yukihiro TOMITA, Kiyomi NAGAYAMA, Fumio OHTAKA1983 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 209-212
Published: March 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Takeshi TSUCHIYA, Kazunori SUZUKI, Hiroshi NAGAI, Hideo TAMATE1983 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 213-215
Published: March 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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