All issues
Volume 55, Issue 9
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Fusao ITO, Shiro TAKANO, Mitsuyuki OKAZAKI, Akio IZUMI, Toshiaki MURAK ...1984 Volume 55 Issue 9 Pages 619-627
Published: September 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSalinomycin is a polyether antibiotic prepared from a fermented broth of a strain of Streptomyces albus. In order to investigate the growth promoting effects of salinomycin, fifteen trials were conducted at four experimental stations located in Yamagata, Ishikawa, Tottori and Shimane Prefectures, Japan. Four hundred and thirty weaning pigs were fed a complete ration with salinomycin at levels of 0, 25, 50 and 100ppm, during weaning (4 weeks) and growing (8 weeks) periods. Body weight gains in the pigs were increased by addition of salinomycin by 13 to 15% (P<0.05) during the growing period, and by 11 to 13% over the whole experimental period. There were significant relationships between salinomycin level and body weight gain (growing period: y=-0.00106x2+0.151x+32.94, R2=0.700, P<0.01, xoptimum=71ppm, whole experimental period; y=0.00136x2+0.181x+42.73, R2=0.734, P<0.01, xoptimum=67ppm). Feed intakes were slightly increased in salinomycin treated groups relative to the control group. Consequently, feed conversion ratios were improved by addition of salinomycin by 6 to 8% (P<0.05) during the growing period and by 6 to 7% (P<0.05) over the whole experimental period. Significant secondary dose-response relationships were found between salinomycin level and feed conversion ratio (growing period; y=0.000036x2-0.00555x+2.693, R2=0.732, P<0.01, xopitmum=77ppm, whole experimental period; y=0.000038x2-0.00547x+2.556, R2=0.795, P<0.01, xoptimum=72ppm). Based on these results, it is reasonable to assume that the addition of salinomycin at levels of 50-80ppm is the most effective for growth promotion in pigs.View full abstractDownload PDF (609K) -
Isao ISHIBASHI, Kunitada SATO, Mitsuru OHSAWA1984 Volume 55 Issue 9 Pages 628-634
Published: September 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEight heifers aged 15 to 23 months and weighing 370 to 455kg were used repeatedly. They were divided into 4 groups; untreated (natural cyclic, 7 observations), prostaglandin F2α (PG)-treated (4), superovulation I (6) and II (7). The first superovulation group (S-I) was induced by 1000 IU of PMSG 0 to 24 hours (h) after injection of 18mg of PG on days 10 to 14 of the cycle, and followed by 1000 to 1500 IU of hCG at the onset of estrus (day 0). The second superovulation group (S-II) was treated with 1000 or 1500 IU of PMSG 24 h before PG injection, and followed by 1500 IU of hCG. Serum hormone levels were analysed by radioimmunoassay. The duration of estrus in PG-treated heifers was shorter (20. 0 h) than in untreated heifers (24.3 h). Superovulated heifers showed prolonged estrus (S-I: 32.7 h, S-II: 44.4 h). In the S-II heifers, the number of persistent large follicles (>10mm)at slaughter was less than that in the S-I (1. 0 vs 7. 6), and the number of corpora lutea in S-II was more than that of S-I (4.4 vs 2. 3), but these difference were not significant. In most cases of heifers killed on day 4, two embryos were recovered from the oviducts or uterus, and they had developed to the 8-cell stage. Serum progesterone (P) levels in PG-treated and superovulated heifers decreased dramatically l to 11/a days after injection of PG. Serum P, estrone (E1) and estradiol-17β (E2) levels in both untreated and PG-treated heifers showed the similar pattern from day 2 through day 5, except that the level of E1 in PG-treated heifers slightly high during and before estrus. When heifers treated with S-I, serum hormone levels and their hormonal patterns varied with individual heifer. In heifers receiving S-II treatment, serum El and total E (E1-1-E2)levels showed peaks (19. 8 and 29. 5pg/ml, respectively) at estrus, then decreased and rose to a second peak (18. 8 and 22. 9pg/ml, respectively) on day 3.View full abstractDownload PDF (476K) -
Mitsuo KAWASHIMA, Akihiro SAKAE, Michiharu KAMIYOSHI, Katuhide TANAKA1984 Volume 55 Issue 9 Pages 635-642
Published: September 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCytosols and nuclear fractions of the oviduct uterus of laying hens were shown to possess an estrogen binding component which preferentially binds to estrogens. The dissociation constant (Kd) of this binding was 3.86±0.21 (SE)×10-10M in the cytosol, and 3.45±0.32×10-10M in the nuclear fraction. The maximum number of binding sites (NBSmax)was 7.83±0.13×10-15 moles/mg protein in the cytosol and 0.65±0.02×10-15 moles/μg DNA in the nuclear fraction. The results suggest that the presence of estrogen receptors in cytosols and of receptor-estrogen complex in nuclear fractions of the hen oviduct uterus. The NBSmax in the cytosol and in the nuclear fraction was greater in laying hens than in nonlaying hens when compared on tissue weight basis, while Kd values were not significantly different. When measured the NBSmax and the Kd in cytosols and in nuclear fractions at various times after a single i. m. injection of 500μg E2 into nonlaying hens, a rapid decrease in the NBSmax of the cytoplasmic receptors accompanied by a concomitant increase in the NBSmax of the nuclear receptors was found, while the Kd values were not changed.View full abstractDownload PDF (478K) -
Yukio TSUNODA, Tsukasa YASUI, Tadashi SUGIE1984 Volume 55 Issue 9 Pages 643-647
Published: September 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was undertaken to examine the possibility of the production of monozygotic twins in the goat. The embryos at 2- to 4-cell stage were recovered from superovulated goats 2 to 2.5 days after mating and separated to single blastomere for 2-cell embryos and pair of blastomeres for 4-cell embryos by using Willadsen's technique4). This technique includes mechanical removal of the zona pellucida (Fig. 2), separation of the blastomeres to pairs (Fig. 3), insertion of each separated blastomere into evaculated pig zonae (Fig. 4), embedding in agar (Fig. 5), culture for 5 days in ligated goat oviducts, recovery of agar chips (Fig. 6), removal of agar (Figs. 7 and 8) and transfer into recipient goat. Results obtained are as follows. All of 14 embryos were successfully separated into two pairs. Out of 28 half embryos transferred into goat oviducts, 21 (75%) were recovered and 16 (76%) including 7 sets of pair embryos continued to develop at a normal rate. When each set of pair embryos was transferred to 7 synchronized goats, 5 of them were pregnant. Of 5 pregnant goats 1 aborted on day 61, 2 produced one kid and 2 produced monozygotic twins.View full abstractDownload PDF (1772K) -
Kiyoshi YAMAUCHI, Hiromu MORI, Tomio OHASHI, Seiichi HAGA, Hiroshi HAR ...1984 Volume 55 Issue 9 Pages 648-654
Published: September 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe study was conducted with a total of 11 growing dairy bull calves: consisting of 1 animal that was sacrificed at 0-day-old, 2 at 18-day-old (50 kg) and 4 animals each at 92 days (90 kg) and 215 days (180 kg of live weight) of age. These animals were raised under similar conditions and slaughtered at the designed time intervals and live weight. Their longissimus thoracis, biceps femoris and massetter muscles, with the exception of 0-day-old calf from which only the longissimus thoracis and biceps femoris muscles were excised, were analyzed for fatty acid composition, for total muscle lipids and for polar and neutral lipid fractions, including the quantitative relationship between α-tocopherol and either polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or PUFA>18: 12 (PUFA with three or more double bonds). Total lipids, PUFA, PUFA>18: 2 and α-tocopherol tended to be highest in the massetter muscle and lowest in the longissimus thoracis muscle. For the massetter muscle, the total lipids, the PUFA and PUFA>18: 2 increased with the age of the calves, but a similar relationship was not observed for the other two muscles. However, the PUFA and PUFA>18: 2 contents of the longissimus thoracis and biceps fermoris muscles from the older calves were higher in comparison to those of the corresponding muscles at 0 days of age. The α-tocopherol levels in both the biceps femoris and the massetter muscles tended to increase with age. In the total lipids of the longissimus thoracis muscle, oleic acid decreased from 48% at 0-day-old to 21% at 215 days of age, while linoleic acid increased from 3% at 0 days old to a maximum of 22% at 92 days of age, then decreased to 19% at 215 days old. Similar phenomena also were found for the biceps femoris muscle. For the massetter muscle, oleic acid decreased from 33% at 18 days old to 13% at 215 days of age, while linoleic acid increased from 11% at 18 days old to 27% at 92 days of age, then levelled off at 215 days. The remarkable changes in the oleic and linoleic acids of the total lipids in the present study could have been influenced by dietary fatty acid composition and may well reflect changes in the corresponding acids of the polar lipid fraction, principally the phospholipids. The concentration of α-tocopherol per gram of PUFA and PUFA>18: 2 of total lipids ranged from 0. 57 to 2.99 and from 1.09 to 3.83μmol, respectively. The corresponding concentrations for the polar lipid fraction were O.52 to 2.72 and O.96 to 3.37μmol, respectively. No differences were found in the concentrations of α-tocopherol per gram of PUFA and PUFA>18: 2 among the three muscles at any age. The α-tocopherol concentrations obtained in the present study are similar to results previously reported by our studies for porcine skeletal muscles.View full abstractDownload PDF (490K) -
Hiroyoshi NINOMIYA, Tsunenori NAKAMURA1984 Volume 55 Issue 9 Pages 655-660
Published: September 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe vasculature of the naturally occurring unilateral cryptorchid testis of a boar was studied with the aid of scanning electron microscopy on resin casts, and compared with that of the scrotal testis. The vasculature of the cryptorchid testis was characterized by the major arteries having much more extensive tortuosity than those in the scrotal testis and also by disorganized capillary network around the seminiferous tubules. From the result of peripheral vascular changes which are related to the histological changes in the seminiferous tubules, it seemed that the disorganization of the capillary network had some undesirable influences on spermatogenesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1860K) -
Akira MIYAZAKI, Shinichi KASAGI, Toshio MIZUNO1984 Volume 55 Issue 9 Pages 661-669
Published: September 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDigestion trial was conducted on Japanese deer (Cervus nippon Temminck) to know the carrying capacity of Zoysia-type grassland in Nara Park. Three adult does of good temper were immobilized with succinylcholine chloride, weighed and moved into the feeding stall. These stall allowed quantitative control of feed intake and collection of fecal samples uncontaminated with urine or hair to study digestion coefficients for feed. Deer 1 (6 years old, 49kg of body-weight) and Deer 2 (6 years old, 48kg) were given Zoysia-type grass hay (Zoysia japonica Steudel) and Deer 3 (4 years old, 40kg) was given alfalfa (2nd cutting) hay as a single component respectively. After the adjustment period of 5 days and the preliminary period of 10 days, total fecal samples were collected for 5 days and feed digestibility was studied. Average daily consumption of Zoysia-type grass was 13.8g per kg bodyweight for Deer 1 and 18.8g for Deer 2. That of alfalfa was 12.9g for Deer 3. Apparent digestibility (%) of the proximate components and detergent fibers are as follows: dry matter in Zoysia-type grass, 65.0 for Deer 1, 62.5 for Deer 2; and that in alfalfa, 60.2 for Deer 3, crude protein, 74.0, 73.3; 65.3, ether extract, 61.7, 60.2; 48.8, crude fiber, 64.0, 62.6; 61.1, NFE, 65.4, 61.7; 60.8, NDF, 64.9, 66.5; 65.0, ADF, 64.4, 60.1; 60.0 and (NDF-ADF), 65.4, 72.6; 72.8 respectively. The digestible crude protein in Zoysia-type grass and alfalfa were 11.0% and 10.3% on dry basis. The total digestible nutrients for them were 64.0% and 58.4%. From the results of the experiment, it was supposed that Japanese deer could digest Zoysia-type grass, their favorite and common feed in natural conditions, very well and much more efficiently than alfalfa. The carrying capacity for Japanese deer of Zoysia-type grassland in Nara Park was estimated to be 12 to 14 head of adult deer per ha during the growing season of this plant from April to late September.View full abstractDownload PDF (540K) -
Shinichi KUME, Akio MUKAI, Masaki SHIBATA1984 Volume 55 Issue 9 Pages 670-676
Published: September 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study was to clarify the effects of copper (Cu) and molybdenum (Mo) levels in rations on the Cu and Mo status of Holstein cattle. Cu and Mo concentrations in 37 Holstein cattle kept at Kyushu Natl. Agric. Exp. Stn. and 10 dairy farms in Kumamoto prefecture were investigated. Cu concentrations in the liver and kidney were 192-231 and 10-17ppm respectively in two newborn and one 1 month old calves, but those in 14 cows were 4-170 and 14-22ppm respectively. Mo concentrations in the liver and kidney were 2.86-3.82 and 1.54-1.61ppm respectively in 2 newborn calves, but those in 14 cows were 4.06-5.40 and 1.78-2.72ppm respectively. Also, liver Cu concentration in 5 cows was below 10ppm, and severe diarrhea occurred in a lactating cow. Cu concentration in roughage was lower than that in concentrate, but Mo concentration in feed was below 1.2ppm. Cu concentration in the liver, kidney, blood, and feces was affected by dietary Cu level, but Mo concentration in the liver, kidney, blood, and feces was not affected by dietary Mo level. It seems likely that Cu deficiency may occur after long periods of feeding low Cu diets, since Cu concentration in the liver decreased with reduced dietary Cu, and low Cu concentration in the liver was regarded as Cu deficiency in this study. However, it was not apparent that Cu deficiency was affected by dietary Mo level.View full abstractDownload PDF (410K) -
Yasuo KISO, Shoji YAMAUCHI1984 Volume 55 Issue 9 Pages 677-681
Published: September 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHistochemically examined were the distributions of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and lipids in the trophoblasts at labyrinthine, junctional and hematoma zones in dog placentae. In this study, seven female dogs on days 30 through the term of gestation were used. G-6-PDH was detected by the method of RUDOLPH and KLEIN. Except for the term of gestation, the trophoblasts at the labyrinthine zone showed a moderate to strong activity, and those at the junctional and the hematoma zones a weak one. The activities at all the zones tended to decrease just before the term, though there was no change in the activity observed during the period of days 30 through 55 of gestation. The trophoblasts at the labyrinthine zone contained fine lipid droplets, while those at the other two zones coarse ones. Only the lipids at the junctional zone were slightly positive to the Schultz test. These histochemical observations suggest that G-6-PDH at the labyrinthine zone is closely concerned in steroid synthesis, while the hematoma zone is not active in the synthesis, and also that the junctional zone may possess a capability of steroid synthesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (738K) -
Tatsuo MURAMATSU, Eisei WAKAYAMA, Masahiro KATO, Iwao TASAKI, Jun-ichi ...1984 Volume 55 Issue 9 Pages 682-693
Published: September 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the first three experiments with protein-starved chicks, it was investigated whether or not supplementing a protein-free diet with sulfur-containing amino acids increases liver and carcass contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) and non-protein sulfhydryl compounds (NPSH) under ad libitum-, equalized-, restricted- and over-feeding conditions in the presence or absence of arginine. Irrespective of feeding conditions and arginine supplements, GSH and NPSH contents in the liver and carcass were elevated, and N balance was improved on almost all occasions by supplementation with sulfur-containing amino acids. Judging by correlations between N balance and GSH or NPSH contents, both GSH and NPSH, particularly the latter, were considered to be closely involved in the mechanisms that would be responsible for the N-sparing effect of amino acid supplements when the chick was subjected to protein starvation. In experi-ment 4, the activity of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (EC 2.3.2.2) (γ-GTP), which is catalyzing the first step of GSH degradation, was measured in the liver and kidney of chicks fed a 20% protein diet, or a protein-free diet with or without amino acid supplements. Protein starvation elevated kidney γ-GTP activity, which was returned to nearly the 20% protein level by supplementing with methionine alone or in combination with arginine, while liver γ-GTP activity was not affected by amino acid supplementation. It was suggested that cysteine might be primarily responsible for bringing about the N-sparing effect, but the possibility of direct participation of GSH could not be entirely ruled out.View full abstractDownload PDF (709K) -
Osamu ITO, Ryozo AKUZAWA, Shinichi KAMATA1984 Volume 55 Issue 9 Pages 694-695
Published: September 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (535K) -
Yasuo KUZUYA, Yoshihiro KANAMARU, Tamotue TANAHASHI1984 Volume 55 Issue 9 Pages 696-698
Published: September 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (181K) -
Yutaka KARASAWA1984 Volume 55 Issue 9 Pages 699-701
Published: September 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (178K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|