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Volume 75 (2004)
- Issue 4 Pages 493-
- Issue 3 Pages 345-
- Issue 2 Pages 165-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 75, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
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Shinichi YAMADA, Atsushi NISHIYAMA, Tadashi KAWAMURA, Yuji GOTO, Toshi ...2004 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 165-177
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: July 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSomatic cell cloned cattle of Japanese Black were fattened under the same condition, and similarity in growth and carcass characteristics were examined. Four somatic cell cloned steers and two somatic cell cloned heifers which were born at almost the same period were fattened according to similar fattening method of the donor. The clones of respective groups were compared with one another and with their donor on growth, feed intake, carcass characteristics and the physiological chemistry analysis of the M. longissimus thoracis. In each item, high similarity was recognized in the cloned steer, while differences in growth and meat quantity traits were recognized in the cloned heifer due to illness. Between the clones and the donor, there was an environmental factor by the difference in fattened time and place which caused the difference in the growth. On the other hand, similarity was suggested in BMS No. and ether extract of M. longissimus thoracis. High similarity was recognized among fattened somatic cell clones, although growth and meat quality traits might be affected by the condition of the clones.View full abstractDownload PDF (3055K) -
Shin-ichi KUME, Kazuhisa NONAKA, Tomoko OSHITA, Takaharu KOZAKAI, Hide ...2004 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 179-184
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: July 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSixty two balance trials were conducted to clarify the potassium excretion of dry, pregnant and lactating cows fed forages. The ratio of feeding forage ranged from 60 to 100%, and daily potassium intake of cows ranged from 81 to 555g. According to the regression equation of potassium absorption on potassium intake, the rates of potassium absorption in dry, pregnant and lactating cows were 95.6 to 99.9%, and most of potassium absorbed was excreted in the urine. Urine volume of cows increased with the increased urine excretion of potassium, and the increase of 1g of urine potassium excretion was estimated to increase 70g of urine volume in dairy cows. Feeding corn silage decreased potassium excretion and urine volume of cows due to the low potassium intake.View full abstractDownload PDF (836K) -
Chuncheng XU, Yimin CAI, Masaru MURAI2004 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 185-191
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: July 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTotal mixed ration (TMR) silages were prepared using commercial formula feed, timothy hay and barley tea grounds at 10%, 20% and 30% dry matter ratio, and their fermentation quality was studied. Six Suffolk sheep were fed these TMR silages, and their nutritive value was estimated. TMR silages with varied concentration of barley tea grounds were well preserved with low pH and ammonia-nitrogen content, and high lactic acid content. The crude protein and ether extract contents were not different, but the acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents were higher with the increase in the proportion of barley tea grounds. The digestibility of dry matter and crude protein, and total digestible nutrients in TMR silages with 10% and 20% barley tea grounds were significantly (P<0.05) higher than in TMR silage with 30% barley tea grounds. The result showed that the ideal mixing proportion of the barley tea grounds for TMR silage is 10% to 20% in dry matter basis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1057K) -
Norio TOKITA, Hiroko AKIYAMA, Sanae KAWAMURA, Masahiko KONTA, Masataka ...2004 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 193-197
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: July 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of low-pressure steam treatment (1.2kg/cm2, 20min) on chemical composition and on in vitro dry matter digestibility of three tropical grasses at the different growth stages was investigated. Treatment decreased by 2∼3.3% the crude protein content of green panic (GP) and colored guinea grass (CG) at the late blooming stage, and increased by 3.5∼6.5% the neutral detergent fiber of the leaf fraction of GP and CG. Treatment decreased by 2.6∼3.9% the acid detergent fiber of rhodes grass (RG) in leaf and stem fractions at all stages, but the acid detergent lignin (ADL), silica, and gross energy (GE) contents remained constant in spite of the treatment. Only 4∼8% improvement of in vitro dry matter digestibility was in the stem of CG and the leaf of RG at the pre-blooming stage. The results suggested that low-pressure steam treatment might cause a decrease in crude protein content and an increase in in vitro dry matter digestibility of tropical grasses, but these effects will be different depending on grass species, growing stages, and grass parts. The steam treatment in this experiment did not cause any significant changes in ADL and GE contents.View full abstractDownload PDF (803K) -
Ryozo TAKADA, Takahisa ICHIKAWA, Seishi YAMASAKI, Makoto OUTSUKA, Masa ...2004 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 199-204
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: July 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSParticle size of the present 12 commercial diets for growing and finishing pigs were determined and the effects of particle size and phytase supplementation on nutrient digestibility were investigated using growing pigs. All commercial diets except one contained the particle size of 2.36mm or over about 3-16% in the diets. Eight pigs weighing 60kg were assigned to one of four experimental diets. Experimental diets were commercial diet with or without phytase (750IU/kg) and ground commercial diets through a 2mm screen with or without phytase. Similar trial was repeated with the changed pigs. The grind of commercial diet improved digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein and crude fat (P<0.01). Phytase supplementation improved digestibilities of dry matter (P<0.05), phosphorus and crude ash (P<0.01). Neither grind of commercial diet nor phytase supplementation affected zinc and copper availabilities. The amounts of excreted feces (feces/feed intake) was the lowest in the group of both grind and phytase treatment among four groups. In conclusion, present commercial diets for pigs in Japan contains the particle size of 2.36mm or over, and grind of commercial diet improved nutrient digestibilities. Simultaneous treatments of grind and phytase most effectively reduced the feces excretion.View full abstractDownload PDF (1049K) -
Yumiko KOMINE, Ken-ichi KOMINE, Kenzo KAI, Masashi ITAGAKI, Masami UEM ...2004 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 205-212
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: July 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the components of mammary gland secretions in dairy cattle after drying off, and found marked changes. In mammary gland secretion protein, the concentration of lactoferrin (Lf) reached maximum level at 7 days after drying off, and somatic cell counts (SCC) showed over 400×104cells/ml at 15 days after drying off, mainly CD11b+ cells. These findings indicated that Lf induced apoptosis of mammary gland (MG) epithelial cells and phagocytosis by increased leukocytes. On the other hand, CD4+/CD8+ ratio was increased just after drying off, and the peak of both CD4+/CD8+ ratio and B-B2+ lymphocyte counts occurred at 20 days before parturition. The principal Ig of colostrum for neonatal immunity is IgG1, which reached at maximum concentration just before parturition. Moreover, high CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells were induced in vitro by coculture of Lf. Therefore, Lf may induced the CD4+ T lymphocyte infiltration into the MG in non-lactating period. Our findings suggested that MG maternal antibody synthesis in the non-lactating period changed dramatically due to the physiological effects of Lf and known hormonal effects.View full abstractDownload PDF (1159K) -
Mio HASEGAWA, Keigo KUCHIDA, Kunihiko SAITO, Shuichiro KUMAGAI, Kazuyu ...2004 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 213-220
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: July 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEach muscle area and the ratio of muscle area to total area (muscle area ratio) were calculated from the 117 cross-sections of crossbreed of Japanese Black and Limousin. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between their image analysis traits and cutability. Each muscle area, fat area, muscle area ratio, fat area ratio of rib eye and trimming subcutaneous fat area were calculated by image analysis. Weights of total bone, trimming fat, kidney leaf fat, other removable parts and each retail cut as rib loin were measured by physical dissection. Cutability and percentage of each retail cut were calculated based on weights and the carcass weights. The correlation coefficient between cutability and muscle area ratio was the highest with the value of 0.66. Selected variables for the prediction equation for estimating cutability were trimming subcutaneous fat area, M. latissimus dorsi area, fat area ratio of rib eye, M. rhomboideus area and M. spinalis thoracis area, and the coefficient of determination (R2) of the multiple regression equation was 0.57. In 16 days, 22 images for 3 days, whose correlation coefficients between cutability and muscle area ratio were 0.90 or more, were extracted, and their cutability was predicted using multiple regression. The R2 of the prediction equation was 0.92, which was very high. Also, the percentage of each retail cut was predicted for those 22 images. They were relatively high R2 (0.78∼0.82) except rib loin. Therefore, the possibility of predicting the percentage of each retail cut from the information obtained by image analysis was suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (1614K) -
Naoshige ABE, Hirotoshi TAKAZAKI, Hirohumi NAEKAWA, Shusuke SATO, Kazu ...2004 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 221-227
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: July 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwelve crossbred (Japanese Black×Holstein) bull calves aged 80 days were individually stroked gently by brush for 5 minutes per day for 24 days after weaning to improve tractability. All of them performed mock-fighting (MF) with the handler during this gentling period. The frequencies of MF with the handler were quite different among calves, making it possible to classify the High Mock-Fighting group (HMF) and the Low Mock-Fighting group (LMF). HMF performed statically both maintenance behaviour and social behaviour during the experimental periods, and showed a little stronger cardiac response to dropping of bucket and a little weaker plasma cortisol response after castration. In addition, HMF had higher usual plasma testosterone level than LMF. On the other hand, LMF performed variably both maintenance behaviour and social behaviour, and showed different physiological response to stress and usual plasma testosterone level from HPG. These results suggest that HMF calves seemed to be “active coper” with environmental challenges from the physiological and behavioural characteristics.View full abstractDownload PDF (961K) -
Hirofumi NAEKAWA2004 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 228-239
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: July 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing five pairs of ewes and lambs in a small flock comprising 14 or 20 sheep, the ewe-lamb reaction (hereafter referred to as “interaction”) in the form of vocalized communication was studied for a period of three weeks after birth based on phonetic notations and information volume, and the day-to-day changes in the ewe-lamb approximating behavior were analyzed. With regard to the phonetic notations, from the standpoint of articulation action, we identified the sounds of /nnn/, /nae/ and /nnae/ by ewes and /nnn/, /eee/ and /nee/ by lambs. All these sounds were produced by opening or closing the mouth as utterance patterns. As for the interaction, we analyzed 24 different dyadic interactions based on 3 types of utterance for ewes and lambs respectively and 8 types of subsequent reactions (utterance by either ewe or lamb followed by action of the other or both is considered a completed action of the pair), as well as the volume of information contained in such activities. To study the approximating behavior, sheep were individually analyzed on a daily basis by discriminating between involvement and non-involvement of utterance. The results showed that the ewe-lamb interaction was led by opened-mouth utterance as a communicative function, which was followed by reactions comprising visual recognition or gaze and subsequent action. An individual specificity was observed in the reaction caused according to the type of mouth opening and closing, and the reaction differed depending on the way of utterance. In any type of utterance pattern, the information volume shared by ewes and lambs was greater than 0bit, demonstrating the involvement of information sharing between ewes and lambs. With regard to the results of phonetic notations, differences were observed in the frequency and duration depending on the type of utterance, which enabled us to demonstrate features of respective utterance structures. To be more specific, the opened-mouth /nae/ and /nnae/ in ewes recorded a frequency 50Hz higher than that for the closed-mouth /nnn/, and the former utterance pattern tended to last longer than the latter by 0.1 second. In the case of lambs, the opened-mouth /eee/ and /nee/ also showed a frequency 50Hz higher than that for the closed-mouth /nnn/. However, the duration of the former utterance patterns tended to be shorter by 0.1 to 0.2 second. Although the ewes demonstrated the initiative in showing an utterance-based approximating behavior towards lambs during the three weeks after birth, the lambs showed a greater tendency to initiate approximating behavior not involving utterance.View full abstractDownload PDF (1566K) -
Hirofumi NAEKAWA2004 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 241-245
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: July 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis research mainly focuses on the vocal communication between 100 pairs of ewes and lambs owned by one Mongolian nomadic family during their summer pasure in two regions. We analyzed the relationship between the phonetic combinations, behavioral patterns, the duration until their encounter, nursing time and suckling time. Based on the phonetic combinations, interaction between the ewe and lamb is classified into two categories : eight types initiated by lambs and five types initiated by ewes. Concerning the utterances by both sides, the ratio of the open-mouth type and closed-mouth type results is 9 to 1. The open-mouth utterances occur more often than those of the closed-mouth type. There is a 75% response rate when the ewe initiates the utterances, indicating a vocal communication. However, 46% of the lamb-initiated utterances and 31% of the non-vocal utterances do not prompt a response from the ewe. In type 8, no utterance initiated by a lamb and no response from a ewe have a positive correlation with the proximity between the ewe and lamb and duration until their encounter. However, there is a negative correlation between suckling time and the proximity between them. This implies that the duration until their encounter and suckling time are related to the proximity between them. Type 5 utterance initiated by a lamb (a lamb/eee/sound, without a response from the ewe) occurs 71.4% during migration and 28.6% during the rest time. The utterance type 5 is different from type 2 (a lamb/nee/sound, with a ewe response) depending on the duration until their encounter and proximity between the ewe and lamb. Utterance type 8 occurs 28.6% during migration and 28.6% during the rest time, and the ratio of the migration time and rest time is symmetrical with those of utterance type 5. This utterance type 8 shows differences from the lamb-initiated utterances, types 1,2, and 3. This indicates that the ewe and lamb utter differently depending on the duration until their encounter and proximity between them. Type III utterance initiated by the ewe (an ewe/nae/sound, with a lamb response/nee/sound) differs from a lamb initiative type 8 (no utterance from both ewe and lamb) in regard to the duration until their encounter and feeding time and their proximity to each other. This indicates that they use the different types of utterances depending on the duration until their encounter or the proximity between them. In conclusion, the result of this research implies that the proximity between the ewe and lamb, duration until their encounter and feeding time differs depending on the phonetic combinations and behavioral patterns.View full abstractDownload PDF (725K) -
Tsuyoshi MIYATA2004 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 247-266
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: July 12, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper clarified the economical characteristic of consistent management of pig-farming with large scale production in Japan by using data of cyuuouchikusankai senshinjirei no jissekishihyou. The objects of analysis were only family, family+temporary hired workers on farm, family+permanent hired workers on farm from viewpoint of input size of agricultural labor. The upper limit and the lower limit per female pigs for breeding agricultural income appears on consistent management of pig-farming with large scale hog production when the input number of agricultural labor increases and consistent management of pig-farming with large scale hog production is lead by technology of large-scale raising livestock. Furthermore, structural difference per female pigs for breeding agricultural income appears when consistent management of pig-farming with large scale hog production employs permanent hired workers on farm. This structural difference of per female pigs for breeding agricultural income is caused by low per female pigs for breeding shipment and per fattening pigs sale price. Consistent management of pig-farming with large scale hog production pursues the low limit agricultural income on jiritsu management. Family+permanent hired workers on farm is stable, but only family, family+temporary hired workers on farm is not stable in terms of achievement of the limit agricultural income on jiritsu management.View full abstractDownload PDF (1784K)
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