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Volume 46, Issue 7
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Hiroshi OKAMURA, Kunio SHIRAI, Akira KAWAMURA1975 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 381-395
Published: July 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThese studies were carried out for the purpose of saving water to be used for treating hide and leather in tannery including tanning and dyeing houses. Soft type chrome upper leathers were prepared by using reduced quantity of water, while the reduction in quantity of water was achieved by omitting washing processes, by reducing the float or by combining some separated operations into one operation.
The leathers were then compared with each other in respect to total quantity of water needed, mechanical and chemical properties and quality of leather. It was concluded that if they omitted washing processes and combined operations, total quantity of water could be reduced by 20% as the limit for not impairing quality of leather.
In addition, if the minimum float is adopted, total quantity of water can be reduced by maximum 40% compared to the normal condition.View full abstractDownload PDF (806K) -
Keiichi TANAKA, Tokuho SEN, Kakichi SHIGENO1975 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 396-402
Published: July 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of fasting and commercial diet- or glucose-feeding following the fasting on lipids in serum and liver and hepatic lipogenesis were studied in meat-type chicken. Fasting caused a decrease in the concentrations of serum triglycerides and phospholipids, while the concentration of serum cholesterol tended to increase. The concentration of serum free fatty acids increased until 24 hours of fasting, but the concentration gradually decreased thereafter. Diet- or glucosefeeding following four days of starvation caused an increase in the concentrations of serum triglycerides and phospholipids and diet-refeeding for one or two days restored the concentrations of these to normal. Glucose-feeding caused a slower increace in serum triglycerides and phospholipids than did diet-refeeding. Fasting caused a decrease in the content of hepatic triglycerides, while those of hepatic phospholipids and cholesterol remained unchanged. Diet- or glucose-feeding following four days of starvation caused a great increase in the content of hepatic triglycerides. Refeeding for two days with diet showed a maximum value and thereafter that of hepatic triglycerides rapidly reduced. While after three days of refeeding to chikens previously fasted for four days hepatic triglycerides still maintained a high level. Fasting resulted in the decrease of lipogenesis from acetate-1-14C or glucose-U-14C by liver slices. Diet- or glucosefeeding following four days of starvation caused an increase in lipogenesis from acetate-1-14C or glucose-U-14C by liver slices. Lipogenesis from acetate-1-C14 was influenced greater with fasting or refeeding than that from glucose-U-14C by liver slices.View full abstractDownload PDF (1006K) -
Kihachiro NOBUKUNI, Hisayoshi NISHIYAMA1975 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 403-408
Published: July 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the influence of thyroid hormone on the maintenance of body temperature when male chicks were exposed to a low temperature, thyroidectomized chicks with or without thyroxine treatment were kept at 5°C or 20°C for 8 days. Thyroidectomy without thy- roxine injection resulted in a rapid fall of body temperature during 6 hours after exposure to 5°C, while such a rapid fall of body temperature was not observed for the first 2 days after exposure to 5°C in thyroidectomized chicks which received 1.5μg L-thyroxine per 100g of body weight 24 hours before and just before the treatment of 5°C. However, the body temperature of the chicks so treated decreased rapidly from the third day of the low temperature treatment. In contrast, daily injection of the same dose of L-thyroxine from one day prior to the start of 5°C treatment arrested the fall in body temperature induced by cold, except the first day of the temperature treatment. On the other hand, the rapid fall of body temperature was not observed in the thyroidectomized chicks with or without thyroxine treatment when exposed to 20°C. When the thyroidectomized chicks (non-thyroxine injection) of which the body temperature had lowered during exposure to 5°C were transferred to 20°C, the body temperature increased rapidly during the first 4 hours and recovered to the level of the initial body temperature within 20 hours after the transfer to 20°C. It is, therefore, suggested that under the condition of the present experiment, thyroid hormone plays an important role on the maintenance of body temperature especially when male chicks are exposed to a low temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (384K) -
Hisao ITABASHI, Makoto KANDATSU1975 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 409-416
Published: July 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRumen ammonia and VFA concentrations were compared between the faunated and unfaunated ciliate-free goats. Comparison was also made for the degree of ammonia utilization in the rumen by intraruminal administration of 15N labeled ammonium citrate. The results obtained are as follows: (1) The presence of ciliate increased rumen ammonia and VFA concentrations. Ammonia concentration at 1-6hr after feeding averaged 19.1mgN/100ml in the faunated and 9.2 in the unfaunated. VFA concentration at the same periods averaged 5.7m-equiv./100ml and 3.9, respectively. In an experiment made at the early stage of growth of the goats there were little differences in the concentration of VFA between the faunated and unfaunated. (2) Only minor differences were found in the utilization of ammonia in the rumen. The biological half-lives of rumen ammonia-15N in the faunated and unfaunated were 0.89h and 0.86h, respectively. The decreasing rates of ammonia-15N from the rumen per hour (k) were 0.779 for the faunated and 0.806 for the unfaunated. These results indicated that higher ammonia levels in the faunated were not a result of decreased incorporation of ammonia by bacteria in the faunated goats.View full abstractDownload PDF (423K) -
Kenichi KAMEOKA, Shinobu TANABE1975 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 417-426
Published: July 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate liquid purified diet for pre-ruminant calves, four experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, the effect of the addition of chlortetracycline (CTC) to the purified diet was investigated with Japanese native kids as pilot animals. The purified diet consisted of sodium caseinate as protein source, unsalted butter fat as lipid source and lactose as carbohydrate source. Mean weight gain of the kids for four weeks did not differ significantly between the purified diet groups and the control diet groups (cow's milk, goat's milk). There was no significant effect of the addition of CTC on the weight gain of the kids. The digestibilities of protein, lactose and fat of the purified diets were quite similar to those obtained with the kids fed cow's milk or goat's milk. In experiment 2 and 3, comparison of weight gain of Holstein male calves fed the purified diet was made with that of those fed cow's milk. The calves fed the purified diet showed a similar growth to those fed cow's milk. In experiment 4, olive oil containing no vitamin was used as lipid source instead of unsalted butter fat, since unsalted butter fat used in experiments 1, 2 and 3 had been considered to contain a considerable amount of fat-soluble vitamins. There were no significant differences in weight gains of the kids between the purified diet group and cow's milk one. From these four experiments, it is concluded that liquid purified diet for pre-ruminant calves whose nutritive value is equal to that of cow's milk has been achieved.View full abstractDownload PDF (600K) -
Akira MIYAZAKI, Ryoji KAWASHIMA1975 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 427-432
Published: July 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to understand nitrate poisoning status of ruminants, the authors undertook the experiment on liver function of sheep by using bromsulfalein reagent under different methemoglobin formation in blood. Initial liver function of all animals was known to be in normal ranges, since serum BSP residue for seven animals (30min. after injection) were less than 5%. When hemoglobin was converted to methemoglobin in blood after intraruminal administration of nitrite, BSP clearance rate began to decrease. It showed that methemoglobin formation in blood seemed to depress some liver function of the animals. A highly significant correlation (r=0.937, P<0.001 for 15min. value, r=0.903, P<0.001 for 30min. value) between BSP residue value in serum and methemoglobin content in blood was found from the combined data for all animals. Especially, depression of liver function was remarkable when methemoglobin content in blood exceeded 35% of total hemoglobin, since BSP residue (30min. value) of more than 5% was known to be a critical level for depressed liver function. However, when methemoglobin content decreased in blood, BSP residue in serum seemed to decrease. Therefore, depressed clearance rate of BSP by methemoglobin formation seemed to be rapid but temporary.View full abstractDownload PDF (356K) -
Akira MIYAZAKI, Ryoji KAWASHIMA1975 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 433-436
Published: July 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (206K) -
K. HAYASHI, Y. TOMITA, A. YAMADA1975 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 437-439
Published: July 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (225K)
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