All issues
Volume 40, Issue 5
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
II. Granular and chemical components of feed in both 500kg. and 20kg. bag deliveryKenji FURUTA, Hideya MIYAZAKI, Tadashi NISHIKAWA1969 Volume 40 Issue 5 Pages 187-191
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous report, authors suggested that significant differences were observed in chemical components of bulk feed. This report deals with the variation of the granular and chemical components of the feed packed in both 500kg. and 20kg. bags. Also, the comparison with the variation of bulk feed was discussed.
Commercial formula feed for layers was used in this experiment. Feed in 500kg. bag was delivered about 95km. and in 20kg. bag about 80km. by truck. Procedures of analysis are the same as previous report.
Results obtained are as follows;
1) Significant differences were observed in chemical components of feed in both 500kg. and 20kg. bags.
2) More significant differences were observed in chemical components of the feed in bags than the feed in bulk. Due to the large mean square of the error in bulk feed, it was impossible to find the statistical difference.
3) Coefficients of variation of chemical components of bulk feed were large but there was no difference between 500kg. and 20kg. bag packed feed.View full abstractDownload PDF (373K) -
Yasuyuki SASAKI, Kiyoshi TAKESHITA1969 Volume 40 Issue 5 Pages 192-199
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBlood plasma or whole blood of the jugular vein of Holstein calves was sampled immediately after birth and thereafter at the suitable time intervals. Samples were deproteinized by SOMOGYI'S method, lyophilized, trimethylsilylated and were qualitatively identified for sugars by gasliquid chromatography.
1. Fructose, glucose, sorbit and inosit were contained in the blood of the calf at birth.
2. Fructose and sorbit were rapidly disappeared from the blood with the increase of the postnatal time within 6 to 10 hours of birth. Inosit remained in blood.
3. There was no difference in the sort of sugars between whole blood and blood plasma, and the pattern or each peak of sugars was almost similar in both samples.View full abstractDownload PDF (460K) -
II. Effect of pH and the addition of VFA upon VFA productionSakae MATSUOKA, Eiichi UEYAMA, Yoshitsune HIROSE1969 Volume 40 Issue 5 Pages 200-204
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo experiments were conducted to determine the factors which affect VFA production in the rumen by using an artificial rumen technique.
Experiment 1: The effect of pH upon VFA production.
The VFA production from a single substrate of various kinds at the two different pH levels of fermentation medium (5.8 and 6. 8) was investigated at two levels of substrate concentration (2.5g and 30g/300ml). Materials used as a substrate were cellulose powder, ground rice straw, ground orchardgrass hay, ground oat, ground dent corn and soluble starch. At the low pH level, the VFA production from all substrates, particularly from fibrous materials, decreased as compared to that of the high pH level. The lowering pH caused the decrease of the molar proportion of acetic acid instead of increasing that of propionic and butyric acid at the high substrate concentration.
Experiment 2: The effect of the addition of VFA upon VFA production.
The VFA mixture (acetic 50: propionic 30: butyric 15: valeric 5) was added to the fermentation medium at three levels of concentration (5, 10 and 30mM/100ml). Ground dent corn was used as a substrate (5g/300ml). The VFA production decreased by the addition of VFA at the levels of 5mM and 30mM, but slightly increased at 10mM. The addition of VFA decreased the molar proportion of acetic acid, particularly at 30mM, and increased that of butyric acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (398K) -
II. Incorporation of 14C-amino acids and 14C labelled rumen bacteria into ciliatesRyoji ONODERA, Makoto KANDATSU1969 Volume 40 Issue 5 Pages 205-211
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIncorporation of 14C-amino acids and 14C labelled rumen bacteria into ciliates was investigated from the stand point of microbial ecology in order to know that to what extent amino acids are important as a nitrogenous nutrients for rumen ciliates and what the main nitrogenous nutrients for them are. Following results were obtained:
1) Aspartic acid, valine, alanine, arginine and phenylalanine which had not been consumed in the previous experiment using Van Slyke manometric method were exactly incorporated into ciliates.
2) Of the amino acids investigated, methionine, which is the lowest component of rumen protozoan protein, was incorporated in large amounts and glutamic acid, lysine and aspartic acid, which are the higher components of protozoan protein, were incorporated in small amounts into ciliates.
3) After 3 hours of incubation in the medium containing 14C-amino acids, 14C activity incorporated into ciliates in the case of mixed culture of ciliates and bacteria was alway shigher than that in the case of single culture of ciliates, and 14C activity incorporated into bacteria in the case of mixed culture was 2-10 fold higher than that incorporated into ciliates in the case of single culture.
4) After 3 hours of incubation in the medium containing 14C-amino acids, 24.2-83.9% of the initial 14C-amino acids total activity of the culture madium disappeared in the case of mixed culture, but in the case of single culture, no more than 0-2.8% disappeared.
5) After incubation of ciliates with 14C labelled rumen bacteria, 14C activity was detected in protozoan bodies and found maximum at 3 hour incubation period. From this datum, ingestion of bacteria by ciliates was demonstrated.
6) The quantity of bacterial nitrogen ingested by ciliates was about 20 fold higher than that of methionine nitrogen incorporated into ciliates.
All of these results led us to the following conclusion:
1) Amino acids may not be the main nitrogenous nutrient for rumen ciliate protozoa.
2) The main nitrogenous nutrient of rumen ciliates can probably be particulate substance like bacteria.
3) It seems to us that the main incorporation course of amino acids into ciliates in the rumen eco-system may be a kind of food chain course as follows:
Amino acids→Bacteria→CiliatesView full abstractDownload PDF (527K) -
VII. Genetic study on the red cell antigen involved in hemolytic diseaseKentaro HIMENO, Rentaro NAGANO, Kazushige MOGI, Tsuneo ABE, Tatsuo HOS ...1969 Volume 40 Issue 5 Pages 212-219
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was aimed at revealing the blood-type of the red cell antigen responsible for hemolytic disease.
Sows, BL 37-4, 5 and 7(Landrace male×Berkshire female) of a littermate had entirely lost successive litters with hemolytic disease3); these sows were mated with two boars such as BP 39-1 and BLY-10, though one of these matings was back-crossing, with a seemingly heterozygous genotype on the red call antigen. The forty-four offspring were obtained from these parents. The hematological and clinical observations were made on pigs after they were allowed to nurse; and also, a tube-centrifuge titration test was made using the red cells of the boars and their offspring against the sera of sows. The blood samples from the offspring were taken before nursing. On blood-typing, 8 reagents including 6 agglutinins (anti-S4, S6, S7, S9, S10 and S14) and 2 hemolysins (anti-J and Sh1) were used; of the reagents, anti-S7 was isolated from the sera of sows mentioned above. In this connection, 7 of 8 antisera were identified with the standard reagents prepared at the Iowa State Univ. Namely, anti-S4 with anti-Ef, anti-S6, with anti-Lh, anti-S9 with Eb, anti-S10 with anti-Ea, anti-S14 with anti-Ka, anti-J with anti-A and anti-Sh1 with anti-Ha; anti-S7 was a new reagent other than the standard reagents. The results obtained herein were as follows:
1) A littermate resulted in affected and normal pigs; in the former, red cells obtained from the pigs before nursing were agglutinated in all dilutions of the sow's serum up to 1: 64 to 1: 256; however, in the latter, red cells of the pigs were not almost agglutinated with the serum. Hence, the heterozygosity of the red cell antigen of the boar was concluded from the occurrence of some negative pigs in agglutination among their offspring.
2) The result of blood-typing indicated that the S7 antigen was not present in red cells of 24 normal pigs, but present, in common, in red cells of 20 affected pigs.
Further, the S7 antigen was absent from the red cells of sows, BL 37-4, 5 and 7; on the contrary, this antigen was present in red cells of boars, BP 39-1 and BLY-10. And then, the cells of boar BP-Tsukino which failed to react with the sow's sera were devoid of S7 antigen. From these findings and the presence of the anti-S7 in the sera of sows, it was confirmed that the S7 antigen is one of some antigens involved in hemolytic disease.
So, on the assumption that a homozygous -/- sow was mated with a heterozygous S7/-boar, present data indicated that the expected number of affected pigs was in good accordance with the observed number.
3) Accordingly, the statistical result gives a strong support for the view that the interaction of anti-S7 with S7 positive red cells controlled by a simple gene can cause the disease.View full abstractDownload PDF (505K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|