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Volume 77 (2006)
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Volume 77, Issue 1
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
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Shinya MIURA, Mitsuyoshi SUZUKI2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 1-8
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHeritabilities for somatic cell score (SCS) by fixed regression, random regression and threshold model were estimated using test-day records from Hokkaido Dairy Cattle Milk Recording and Testing Association. The numbers of cows (records) used for the analysis of somatic cell scores were 869114 (8986351), 619883 (6370190), and 409320 (4194475) on first, second, and third lactation, respectively. Milk production decreased with increase of SCS, especially over the score 6. Heritabilities of somatic cell scores for first, second, and third lactations estimated from a repeated model with the Wilmink’s lactation curve were 0.08, 0.07 and 0.07, respectively. No large difference among parities was demonstrated. Random-regression models with the second to fifth order Legendre polynomials were applied to the test-day records. Heritability estimates with this model for SCS varied according to the lactation stage, and the estimates were higher shortly after calving and before dry-up. Heritability estimates were not significantly different with the higher order polynomials. Heritability by the threshold model was highest in these analyses, but their application need further study by actual stand point of meaning.View full abstractDownload PDF (701K) -
Chikako FUJITA, Mitsuyoshi SUZUKI2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 9-15
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHeritability of herd-life (HL) as a longevity trait, and correlations between HL and productive traits in the first lactation, type traits, and reproductive traits were estimated from nationwide data collected by Livestock Improvement Association of Japan and Holstein Cattle Association of Japan. Each dataset on milk production and reproductive traits was randomly divided into 100 subsets. Ten subsets of the 100 subsets were used for analysis. Each dataset on type traits were randomly divided into 10 subsets. Heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated with AIREMLF90. The heritability estimates for HL were low (0.07±0.002). The genetic correlations between HL and milk production traits were also low and estimated to be 0.08 from 0.16. Milk production is not effective in indirect selection for HL and the selection for increase milk production at first lactation did not have a genetic adverse effect on HL. Moreover, it was thought that correspondence by the management was effective for the improvement of HL with low heritability. The genetic correlations between HL and body capacity, strength, body depth, and rump width were negative and consistent over the subsets. While those between HL and feet and legs (0.37) and between HL and udder traits such as mammary system (0.32), fore udder attachment, rear udder height, udder cleft and udder depth were positive. Selections by udder traits and feet and legs were more effective for long HL than by other type traits, but selection for large body size tends to reduce cows’ HL. Reproductive traits of first calving interval (CI1) in first lactation, second calving interval (CI2) in second lactation, and age at first calving (AFC) were used in the study. Heritability estimates for CI1 (0.06), CI2 (0.05), and AFC (0.12) were low. The genetic correlations between HL and fertility traits (AFC, CI1) were low, except for that between HL and CI2 (0.15).View full abstractDownload PDF (542K) -
Kouji MISUMI, Misae SUZUKI, Yuri HIRAYAMA, Yukihiro FUJINO, Miharu YON ...2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 17-22
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was conducted to determine the efficiency of centrifugal pretreatment for cryopreseved porcine embryos. Day 5 embryos (day 0=onset of estrus) collected from donor uterus were randomly divided into the centrifugal pretreatment (13,000×g) group and control group. Both groups of embryos were vitrified. In the same way, day 6 embryos were collected, divided in the same two groups and frozen. After the cryopreservation, these embryos were warmed up or thawed and cultured for 48h to determine the viability. There was no significant difference in the survival rate of day 5 vitrified embryos in two groups (90.2% vs. 82.5%). However, the development rate to hatching blastocyst of centrifugal group was significantly lower than the control group (14.6% vs. 60.0%). On the other hand, there was significant difference in the survival rate of day 6 frozen embryos in two groups (95.0% vs. 61.0%), but the developmental rate to hatching blastocyst was no significant difference (25.0% vs. 32.2%). Embryos of these 4 groups were transferred to recipient gilts. No piglet was obtained from the centrifugal groups, but eight piglets and six piglets were born from the vitrified embryos and frozen embryos respectively in the control groups. Our results suggested that the centrifugal treatment disturbed hatching process of cryopreseved porcine embryos.View full abstractDownload PDF (542K) -
Hitoshi USHIJIMA, Tomoo MORI, Kiyoshi OHNO, Noriyoshi MIHARA2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 23-28
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper presents the effects on estrus-ovulation synchronization of Holstein heifer recipients for embryo transfer (ET) by control of follicular wave dynamics, i.e., by Ovsynch or Heatsynch treatment. At a random stage of the estrus cycle, all heifers were given an intramuscular (i.m.) injection of 50μg GnRH analog, being followed 7 d later by two i.m. injections of 7.5mg PGF2α analog. For the Ovsynch group, another i.m. injection of 50μg GnRH was given 48h later, whereas for the Heatsynch group an i.m. injection of 0.75mg estradiol benzoate was given 24h later. Each method causes estrus-ovulation synchronization. Effect of estrus-ovulation synchronization was markedly better (P<0.001) for the Heatsynch vs. Ovsynch group, i.e., estrus synchronization rate 24-72h after PGF2α injection of 96% vs. 76%, estrus detection rate of 93% vs. 62%, and rate of acceptable recipients with a palpable functional corpus luteum on rectal examination 7d after estrus of 92% vs. 63%. The pregnancy rates (62 and 51%) of ET were the same between Heatsynch and Ovsynch groups. These results clearly indicate that the Heatsynch protocol is more feasible for estrus-ovulation synchronization of ET recipients in Holstein heifers.View full abstractDownload PDF (608K) -
Tohru MIYATA, Yuji MINAI, Akira TANIMOTO, Minoru HAGA2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 29-35
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe serotonergic nervous system is known to participate in the regulation of feeding behavior and in the selective control of feeding patterns. However, the correlation between central serotonergic function and feeding transition of weaning has not been well documented. To evaluate the involvement of the serotoneric nervous system in weaning, we investigated the effect of serotonergic medication on suckling behavior and feeding patterns in rat pups during the weaning period. Rat pups were injected with 1, 5, 7.5 and 10mg/kg of fenfluramine, an inducer of serotonin release, or 1, 5 and 10mg/kg of metergoline, a 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, and duration of nipple attachment to the anesthetized dam was recorded as a measure of suckling behavior. Fenfluramine injection produced a dose-dependent decrease in the duration of nipple attachment. Treatment with metergoline increased duration of attachment even at the lowest dose. The inhibitory effect on suckling behavior of fenfluramine was attenuated by pretreatment with metergoline. Moreover, metergoline-injected rats preferred suckling behavior over eating solid food. Therefore, it may be possible that the serotonergic nervous system not only influences the regulation of suckling behavior but also feeding selectivity associated with the weaning process.View full abstractDownload PDF (712K) -
Naoto NAKANISHI, Shinichi KAWAKAMI, Tomoya YAMADA, Yasuhiro AOKI2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 37-43
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the physico-chemical properties of Longissimus-Rib (LR) and of muscles that represent cut meats. Ninety-seven, Ninety-two and Eighty-seven Japanese Black steers were each used to measure crude fat content, shear value and total pigment of 10 major muscles (group A). Sixty-one steers were also used to measure crude fat content of 18 muscles that include 10 muscles of group A and another 8 muscles (group B). The crude fat content of Serratus ventralis was highest in 18 muscle followed by Transversus abdominis, Infraspinatus, and LR. The shear value of Psoas major was lowest followed by LR and Longissimus-Loin. Biceps femoris was highest in the shear value. The total pigment of Serratus ventralis was highest in 10 muscles of group A. Simple correlation coefficient between LR and the other muscles was highest in total pigment, followed by crude fat content and shear value. Crude fat content, shear value and total pigment of each muscles were predicted using those of LR, live weight, age, carcass weight, separable muscle weight of carcass, separable fat weight of carcass, separable bone weight of carcass, separable fat percentage of carcass as independent variable by stepwise procedures. Physico-chemical properties of LR were most selected as first variable in the multiple regression equations for those of 9 or 17 muscles. Therefore, physico-chemical properties of LR were most important factors to estimate those of the whole carcass in 8 variables. It seems appropriate to consider that meat quality of LR represents the meat quality of the whole carcass.View full abstractDownload PDF (503K) -
Satoshi ANDO, Kazuhiro MATOBA2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 45-49
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this paper was to examine the increase of heat production (HP) during walking exercise on Holstein heifers. Four Holstein heifers, with a mean body weight ± standard deviation of 258.3±39.0kg were used. Four Heifers were grazed for six months before this walking exercise experiment. Heart rate (HR) was measured by electrocardiograph (E.C.G.), and HP was measured by McLean’s equation using a head chamber. HR and HP were measured on speed from 8m/min. to 40m/min. on a horizontal walk and on an incline walk using a tread mill. HR was increased +19% at a walking speed of 20m/min. horizontal, +79% at a walking speed of 40m/min. horizontal, +69% at a walking speed of 20m/min. incline at a gradient of 10°, and +113% at a walking speed of 28m/min. with an incline gradient of 10°as compared with standing. HP was increased +25% at a walking speed of 20m/min. horizontal, +101% at a walking speed of 40m/min. horizontal, +113% at a walking speed of 20m/min. with an incline gradient of 10°, and +209% at a walking speed of 40m/min. with an incline gradient of 10°as compared with standing. The value of HP was greater up to a walking speed of 40m/min. horizontal in this experiment than other reports up to this time. It was assumed that the value of HP and the increased rate in hard conditions were smaller than reports up to this time.View full abstractDownload PDF (351K) -
Masahiro TAKAHASHI2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 51-58
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUrea was added to compost that had long matured and contained little easily decomposable organic matter. This study intended to clarify the effects of addition of urea on the subsequent compost maturation process. Three kinds of compost used as test materials were : poultry feces and wood chips ; cattle feces and rice hulls ; and swine feces, rice hulls and wood chips. The composts were obtained from a manufacturer in Ishikawa Prefecture where production was done at different facilities. Changes in the chemical constituents of the test compost with added urea (about 10g/kg (DM) nitrogen) were monitored during the 24-month maturation process. After three months, urea had decomposed into ammonium and as the temperature increased, it was converted into nitrate-nitrogen. In the poultry manure, the maximum nitrate-nitrogen and nitrite-nitrogen (NOx-N) contents were 8.7g/kg (DM) for the urea added sample and 1.5g/kg (DM) for the control. The organic matter decomposition (OMD) of the former after 24 months was 7%, whereas that of the latter was 31%. Interactions for the elapsed time and the effect of addition were significantly different (P<0.01). As to the cattle manure, the NOx-N maximum was 4.3g/kg (DM) for the sample with added urea, and 0.6g/kg (DM) for the control. The OMD of the former after 24 months was 7%, whereas that of the latter was 15%. Interactions for the elapsed time and the effect of addition were significantly different (P<0.01). In the swine manure, the NOx-N maximum was 2.5g/kg (DM) for the urea added sample, and 1.0g/kg (DM) for the control. The OMD of the former was 12%, whereas that of the latter was 15%. Interactions for the elapsed time and the effect of addition were not significantly different. Results indicate that OMD in the compost was suppressed as the NOx-N content increased to more than 3g/kg.View full abstractDownload PDF (1212K) -
Masahiro TAKAHASHI, Hideyuki IZUMI2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 59-65
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study aimed to clarify the influence of addition of potassium nitrate on composting, based on the premise in the previous results that more than 3g/kg nitrate-nitrogen suppressed organic matter decomposition for composting maturity. Compost comprising cattle feces, rice hulls and wheat bran was used as the test material. Changes in chemical constituents and temperatures of the samples with added potassium nitrate (as 0, 3, 6 and 9g/kg nitrogen) were monitored during the 28-day composting process. At day 7, the temperatures were nearly identical irrespective of the amount added. Afterward, however, the higher the amount added, the lower the temperature became. In addition, the higher the amount added, the lower the decomposition of various organic fractions was. With regard to organic nitrogen, the rate of decrease was low in the 0 and 3g/kg added samples, whereas it was high in the 6 and 9g/kg added samples.View full abstractDownload PDF (1747K) -
Keisuke SASAKI, Mitsuru MITSUMOTO, Hideo AIZAKI2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 67-76
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated Japanese consumers’ viewpoint to choice retail beef package by using conjoint analysis and cluster analysis. We prepared eight profiles of beef package by using four attributes, such as marbling (2 levels), meat color (2 levels), price (4 levels), and ‘Tenderness’ guarantee (2 levels), according to orthogonal arrays. We presented these eight profiles to participants, and ask to grade profiles according to their requirements. The questionnaire was carried out on October 2003 in Nishinasuno, Tochigi, Japan. Answers from 247 participants were applied to conjoint analysis to obtain importance of attributes and utilities of levels in each participant. Answerers were classified into four groups according to importance of each attribute and utility of each level by cluster analysis, such as ‘leanness and high price oriented’, ‘marbling and labeling oriented’, ‘middle price, labeling, and marbling oriented’, and ‘low price and labeling oriented’. In addition, age characteristics were different among the groups.View full abstractDownload PDF (1404K)
Technical Reports
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Bayaru ERUDEN, Takehiro NISHIDA, Hiroki MATSUYAMA, Kenji HOSODA, Shige ...2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 77-81
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe degradability of green tea grounds silage, which added lactic acid bacteria and cellulase, of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) in the rumen of Holstein steers was examined. The rates of DM and CP disappearance in the rumen were measured and parameters a, b and c which present the extent of degradability were calculated to fit the exponential equation p(t)=a+b(1-e-ct) by nylon bag method. The disappearance rates of DM and CP of green tea grounds silage in the rumen were 82.0% and 91.7% in cultivation 24 hours, respectively, and the subsequent rate of disappearance changed to leveling off mostly also with both. The parameters a, b and c of DM and CP of green tea grounds silage were presumed to be 31.5%, 21.5%, 0.089/h and 55.0%, 75.7%, 0.092/h, respectively. When the ruminal passage rate constant was assumed to be 0.05, the ruminal degradability of DM and CP of green tea grounds silage were 66.8% and 70.6%, respectively. From the above result, it is thought that disappearance in the rumen of green tea grounds silage which added lactic acid bacteria and cellulase is performed promptly.View full abstractDownload PDF (477K) -
Mao SAYEKI, Tomoyuki TAKEHISA, Hiroki SEKIKAWA, Osamu ENISHI, Tomoyuki ...2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 83-88
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis research was conducted to determine the nutritive value of barley tea residue (Mugi-cha Kasu) for swine which is discarded as waste after manufacturing a barley tea drink. Dehydrated barley tea residue (A) and (B) which were generated from different manufacturing companies (A and B respectively) and barley tea residue silage from the company B were subjected to analysis. Twenty pigs were grouped into the following four dietary treatments and subjected to digestion trial : Basal diet, meat production capability officially approved feed 100% ; Trial 1, Basal diet 70% and dehydrated barley tea residue (A) 30% ; Trial 2, Basal diet 70% and dehydrated barley tea residue (B) 30% ; Trial 3, Basal diet 70% and silage of dehydrated barley tea residue (B) 30%. Chromium oxide was used as an index for the digestion trial. Digestibility of barley tea residue was calculated by the extrapolating method. Crude protein digestibility of barley tea residue was very low compared to basal diet, and varied among manufacture companies (dehydrated barley tea residue (A), each of dehydrated and silage of (B), 40% and 10% respectively). Although dry matter and organic matter digestibilities were also low, the digestibility of ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, and non-fibrous carbohydrate were not different between basal diet and barley tea residues. It was concluded that barley can be used as a source of carbohydrate for swine. TDN were dehydrated barley tea residue (A) 77.8%, (B) 62.1%, and silage of dehydrated barley tea residue (B) 55.8%.View full abstractDownload PDF (534K) -
Minoru SAKAGUCHI, Masaki TAKAHASHI, Hiromi UEDA2006 Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 89-93
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMonitoring body weight of Holstein replacement heifers is important to achieve first conception at appropriate timing. First, in this study, accuracy of Hipometer, which is a new tool for weight estimation using hip width, was evaluated using 211 Holstein heifers in comparison with that of heart girth tape. In the heifers with more than 300kg of body weight, estimation using the Hipometer had the same error ratio as that using heart girth tape, while in smaller heifers it did not have an acceptable error ratio. Second, the efficiency of the hipometer as a body weight estimation method was examined in 118 heifers. The time required for body weight estimation by Hipometer was significantly shorter than that by heart girth tape. In conclusion, the Hipometer is a useful and rapid tool for estimating the bogy weight in Holstein heifers during their first breeding age.View full abstractDownload PDF (725K)
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