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Satoshi UJIIE, Kuniji YAMAKI, Toshihiro YAMAGISHI, Yutaka MIZUMA
1989Volume 60Issue 9 Pages
817-823
Published: September 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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The best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) procedure was used to evaluate sires in populations having a high relationship among sires and a partial frequency of sire mates. Traits analyzed in this study were the body measurements and comformation score of 1, 686 registered Japanese Black heifers descended from 24 sires (at least ten daughters per sire) in Miyagi prefecture. The model contained pedigree line and herd as fixed effects and a random sire effect.
Expected progeny difference (EPD) was compared among the three models; MM model (without relationship among sires), MMR (with relationship) and MGS (with maternal grandsires information). The average coefficient of relationship between the 24 sires was 9.3%. Correlations between MM and MMR were 0.989 and 0.962 for withers height and score, respectively, but those between MGS and other models were lower and ranged from 0.908 to 0.964. The average variance of prediction error for MGS with maternal grandsires information decreased by 16% as against that for MM. These differences between the three models appeared to have originated from non-random mating. Rank correlations between number of daughters and EPD of sire for withers height, heart girth, chest depth and score were 0.17, 0.39, 0.19 and 0.40, respectively. The estimated breeding value from the best situational model at present, the MGS model, had the lowest variance of prediction errors. These results indicate that this model is useful as a practical sire evaluation procedure for heifer body measurements in Miyagi Prefecture.
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Mitsuro MATSUO, Yohei MIYAMOTO, Eimei SATO, Hajime MIYAMOTO
1989Volume 60Issue 9 Pages
824-829
Published: September 25, 1989
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We attempted to separate follicles and epithelial cells of thyroid glands via a mechanical method. Porcine thyroid glands were cut into small cubes using fine scissors. The cubes were minced with two razor blades and filtered through 210μm mesh stainless-steel sieves to filtrate included follicles and isolated epithelial cells. The cell suspension was layered on a continuous density gradient of Percoll and centrifuged (800×g, 30min., 4°C). After centrifugation, two bands were formed in a continuous density gradient column; in the upper band, thyroid follicles were predominant, while in the lower band, the isolated epithelial cells were predominant. Ultrastructural changes of some organellas of the separated cells were observed. However, the rate of dyeexcluded cells increased during incubation at 37°C. The results suggest that razor blade dissection and centrifugation in a density gradient of Percoll can be used to separate follicles and epithelial cells from thyroid glands.
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Yoshinori TERAWAKI, Hitoshi ONO
1989Volume 60Issue 9 Pages
830-835
Published: September 25, 1989
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Coefficients of inbreeding and relationship were estimated for heifers, born in 1978, 1980, 1982, 1984 and 1986, which were registered at the Hokkaido Branch of the Holstein Cattle Association of Japan. Also, coefficients of inbreeding and relationship were estimated for heifers in two hypothetical populations. It was assumed that sires were used according to a uniform distribution without consideration for pedigree in one of the hypothetical populations (hypothetical population A). In the other hypothetical population (hypothetical population B), sires were used according to the frequency of appearance as father of heifers in the real population without consideration for pedigree. The maximum for inbreeding coefficients dramatically decreased every year. There was no obvious change of distribution for inbreeding coefficient of heifers with year in the real population. The percentage of pairs which were unrelated to each other decreased. On the other hand, the percentage of pairs which had a coefficient of relationship of less than 10% increased. Comparing the real population with the hypothetical populations, for the coefficient of inbreeding and coefficient of relationship, it was clear that the incidence of the pair having a mutual relationship increased via concentration of the demand to a restricted number of sires, but inbreeding was deliberately avoided in the real population.
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Kazuhiro UMEMURA, Kazuo SUGAWARA, Iwao ITO
1989Volume 60Issue 9 Pages
836-840
Published: September 25, 1989
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Roles of vision, olfaction and auditory senses in detection of estrous cows by bulls were investigated.
1. Bulls were released from 5m behind of estrous and diestrous cows which were restrained side by side, and choice of cows by the bulls was tested. In the next, a sheet of twofold cheese cloth was hanged behind both cows in order to eliminate visual contact to bulls, and the same trials were carried out. In both trials, the bulls detected an estrous cow clearly after approaching closely and sniffing the cows.
2. When the estrous and diestrous cows were covered by transparent vinyl sheets in order to eliminate an olfactory contact, the bull approached each cows but could not detect the estrous one.
3. Tape recorded cows voice were placed in both sides of a paddock (20×15m) and played back mooing of estrous and diestrous cows at the same time. The bull released in the paddock was interested in both moos and came closely to the both tape recorded cows voice alternately.
These experiments yielded the following results: bulls could find out to be cows from a distance by visual or auditory sense. But for detecting estrous cows, olfactory sense is important especially in a close distance.
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Hiroshi HATA, Tooru KOIZUMI, Masahiro OKAMOTO
1989Volume 60Issue 9 Pages
841-845
Published: September 25, 1989
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Twenty four post-weaning male Landrace piglets were used in three trials. The piglets were fed a starter diet which had low crude fiber content of 1.0%, gross energy content of 17.1kJ/g and crude protein content of 22.6%. Digestibility, energy and nitrogen metabolism of the piglets kept at 5°C were compared to the piglets at 25°C. The piglets fed similar amount of the diet at 5°C and 25°C in two trials. In another trial, the piglets kept at 5°C fed 48% higher amount of the diet compared with the piglets at 25°C. The results are summarized as follows. 1) Any changes of digestibilities of nutrients due to cold were not recognized ine very trials. 2) The piglets kept at 5°C decreased mean nitrogen retention per nitrogen intake to 45.3% compared with 59.7% at 25°C through the three trials. 3) Mean metabolizabilities of energy (ME/GE) through the three trials were significantly different with environmental temperature (87.1% at 5°C vs. 88.5% at 25°C, P<4.41), but the differece was extremely small.
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Yukio TSUNODA, Yuko MARUYAMA, Mitsuo KITA, Hitoshi USHIJIMA, Tomohiro ...
1989Volume 60Issue 9 Pages
846-851
Published: September 25, 1989
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The present, study was undertaken to examine suitable conditions of electric stimuli for fusion ofa blastomere from 8-16-cell rabbit embryo with an enucleated oocyte and for the development of reconstituted eggs in vitro. The proportions of eggs fused (88%) and reconstituted eggs developed to morula to blastocyst in vitro were high when a direct current of 125V/mm was given for 100μsec twice. However, only one young(1%)was obtained after transfer of 85 reconstituted eggs to 8 recipient rabbits. Considering the developmental process of reconstituted eggs in vitro, it was estimated that nuclear reprogramming occured in these eggs.
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Masami YONEKURA, Kazuhiko SUZUKI, Tetsuro NAKAYA
1989Volume 60Issue 9 Pages
852-856
Published: September 25, 1989
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It has already been demonstrated that ascorbic acid (AsA) can be synthesized from L-galactono-γ-lactone in the rat liver, but not from D-galactono-γ-lactone (GL), an optical isomer of L-galactono-γ-lactone. To determine whether GL acts as an AsA antagonist in rats, the effects of dietary GL on the tissue contents of AsA and on the activities of AsA synthesizing enzymes in the animals were investigated.
Wistar male rats were fed ad libitum the diet supplemented with 0.5 or 4.0% GL for two weeks.
The addition of GL to a diet had no appreciable effects on body weights, the tissue weights of liver, kidney, spleen and adrenal glands, and on the AsA levels of blood plasma, liver, kidney and spleen in rats. However, the feed intake of the rats receiving supplemental GL tended to be lower than that of the controls. In addition, both the AsA concentration of adrenal and the activities of AsA synthesizing enzymes of liver were significantly reduced in the rats fed a diet supplemented with 4.0% GL. The administration of GL to rats did not produce a scurvy-like disease characterized by loss of weight, diarrhea, mild hemorrhage and alopecia as seen in the animals which received D-glucoascorbic acid.
It may be concluded that large amounts of GL exert no apparent antagonistic action on AsA in rats.
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Norihide KAKIICHI, Shinichi KAMATA, Kenichi KOMINE, Kazuo UCHIDA
1989Volume 60Issue 9 Pages
857-864
Published: September 25, 1989
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The effects of disinfectants on activated sludge were studied using pretreated swine feces as a waste water. The disinfectants used were sodium dichloroisocyanurate (SDIC), sodium hypochlorite (SHC) and formaldehyde (FA). The COD and transparency of the effluent, accumulation of MLSS and faunal characteristics of mircroorganisms (protozoa and metazoa) were investigated. The critical concentrations of SDIC, SHC and FA at which the effluent COD and transparency were deteriorated were 5, 1 and 25mg/l respectively, and those at which the accumulation of MLSS was reduced were 5, 5 and 100mg/l respectively. The concentrations of these disinfectants at which the microorganisms were adversely affected were 2.5, 1 and 10mg/l respectively.
Carchesium, Trachelophyllum, Aspidisca, Vorticella and
Aeolosoma were highly susceptible to these disinfectants. The results obtained indicated that FA is suited for the safest achievement of waste water treatment by the activated sludge process, and SDIC and SHC come next to FA in the order named. The results also suggested the necessity of controlling the concentrations of SDIC, SHC and FA not to exceed 5, 1 and 25mg/l/day respectively for preventing deterioration of the purification efficiency.
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Choemon KANNO, Hideko OGAWA
1989Volume 60Issue 9 Pages
865-873
Published: September 25, 1989
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Lactophorin (LP) is a glycoprotein that reacts with the antiserum to the soluble glycoprotein of bovine milk fat globule membrane, and is present in component-3 of proteose-peptone. The present study was undertaken to confirm that auto-proteolytic degradation of LP in skim milk depends on plasmin, which is the major milk proteinase. LP was incubated with plasmin or trypsin, and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence or absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, by immunoelectrophoresis, and by a single radial immunodiffusion.
Lactophorin was degraded by incubating for 1min at 37°C at the ratio of 44:1 for LP and plasmin, and at 50:1 for LP and trypsin. Furthermore, at the ratios of 1, 100:1 for LP and plasmin and 1, 000:1 for LP and trypsin, it was observed by SDS-PAGE that LP was degraded slowly via transient intermediates with prolonged incubation times of over 14 days at 37°C. By immunoelectrophoresis, the precipitation lines of LP were transformed by becoming longer, with a decreasing migration rate, and then becoming shorter. The antigenicity of LP retained about 80% of its original value after 14 days of incubation, and LP was more susceptible to plasmin than to trypsin. These results are indicative of proteolytic degradation of LP in skim milk being mostly dependent on the plasmin. It is suggested that one of the two major polypeptides of LP is an intermediate of the other by proteolysis.
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Hitoshi MIKAMI, Akira ONISHI, Masanori KOMATSU, Tomiji AKITA
1989Volume 60Issue 9 Pages
874-879
Published: September 25, 1989
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The enzyme activity of hepatic mitochondria from Meishan was compared with those of Landrace, Large White and Duroc of 90kg in weight. Although there were no significant breed differences in succinate-cytochrome c reductase (complexes II and III), cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) and NADH oxidase, which measures the entire respiratory chain from NADH to O
2, Meishan showed the activity of NADH-ferricyanide reductase (complex I) to be 17-24% less than that in the other breeds. Meishan required a longer time period to reach a weight of 90kg than the other breeds, but changes in NADH-ferricyanide reductase with ageing were not observed. Since seven subunits of complex I were encoded by mitochondrial DNA and Meishan and European breeds have different restriction enzyme cleavage patterns of mitochondrial DNA, the differences in the activities of Meishan and other breeds may possibly be associated with variation in mitochondrial DNA. The inheritance mode of NADH-ferricyanide reductase activity is now being investigated.
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Toshio TANAKA, Michie SEKINO, Hajime TANIDA, Tadashi YOSHIMOTO
1989Volume 60Issue 9 Pages
880-884
Published: September 25, 1989
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An experiment was carried out in order to clarify the color perception in sheep. Twin Corridale lambs were trained using an operant conditioning technique to press a switch under the positive stimulus color card in order to receive feed as a reward. They were tested to, discriminate between green and seven kinds of color, which were created by gradating blue and yellow into green. The luminosity of all colors was the same. The lambs succeeded in all discrimination tests but the most similar color combination.
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Shinichi KUME, Shigeo TAKAHASHI, Mitsunori KURIHARA, Takamitsu AII
1989Volume 60Issue 9 Pages
885-887
Published: September 25, 1989
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Kyoko KAWAHATA, Jutaro TAKAHASHI, Yasuhisa YASUDA, Ichiro TANIMURA
1989Volume 60Issue 9 Pages
888-890
Published: September 25, 1989
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Yoshitaka ONO, Hisao IWAMOTO, Takahumi GOTO, Shotaro NISHIMURA, Hitosh ...
1989Volume 60Issue 9 Pages
891-893
Published: September 25, 1989
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Takuro OIKAWA, Takashi FUDO, Kouzo KANEJI
1989Volume 60Issue 9 Pages
894-896
Published: September 25, 1989
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