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Volume 77 (2006)
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- Issue 2 Pages 175-
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Volume 77, Issue 2
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Commentaries
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]2006 Volume 77 Issue 2 Pages 175-177
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2006
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[in Japanese]2006 Volume 77 Issue 2 Pages 179-187
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Takashi KUWANA2006 Volume 77 Issue 2 Pages 189-194
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe had established culture conditions of endangered birds cells including germline stem cells, and they are proliferated in vitro and cryopreserved. We already established methods for creating germline chimeras using transplantation of germline stem cells and obtained offspring originated from transplanted cells in fowl. Furthermore, we had obtained offspring originated from transplanted cells cultured for long period using such biotechnological methods.View full abstractDownload PDF (635K) -
Motokazu ANDO2006 Volume 77 Issue 2 Pages 195-206
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAiming at improving university wildlife education in animal science departments, wildlife-related experiences of students before entering universities, curricula at college and wildlife-related job opportunities were surveyed. The number of students who wish to learn wildlife was steadily increasing. They chose animal science departments from the reason that they love animals rather than that they need acquiring professional qualifications. Students of the department understood the word of ‘human-animal partnership’ in connection with the companion animals. Questionnaire to freshmen of the department indicated that they got wildlife-related information mainly from TV programs. In particular limited number of animal and nature programs had strong influence on them. In the field the raccoon dog was most frequently encountered mammal species followed by the fox and the deer. House rats that used to be common in Japanese houses were no more familiar to the younger generation. Animal science departments in private universities had 1-6 wildlife-related courses, but courses on companion animals were no more than 0-1. In Japanese faculties of agriculture, wildlife is dealt at different departments including animal science, veterinary science, forest science, and environmental science, but features of wildlife study in animal science seems not differentiated from that of other departments. As wild animals are not sources of direct income, wildlife-oriented students have to seek job opportunities in public sectors. Although there are many students who wish to work in wildlife-related jobs, the quantity of information that they have over the real contents of respective jobs is often surprisingly limited. Moreover, there are jobs for which students of animal science are not eligible. Supply of job information as well as vocational education is urgently needed. The research methodologies in animal science are mostly applicable to wildlife studies and there exist few barriers between the fields of wildlife study and animal science. In view of the situation that land degradation and desertification by cattle overgrazing are serious in many parts of the world, international cooperation in cattle management seems one of the frontier field of international cooperation for the animal science in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (1152K)
Original Articles
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Mitsuru MIWA, Miho INOUE-MURAYAMA, Miki KATO, Hiroshi HAYAKAWA, Masayu ...2006 Volume 77 Issue 2 Pages 207-214
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMeat-type Okuminokojidori is the commercial branded chicken produced in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. Okuminokojidori is produced by the three-way cross of White Plymouth Rock (WPR) cock x Rhode Island Red (RIR) hen hybrid hen (called Okuminokojidori breeding hen) mated to the Gifujidori-improved-breed cock. Although “wheaten” color is preferred in the Okuminokojidori breeding hen, about 30% of the black plumage color chicks appear in the commercial population. In the present study, we proposed to develop the DNA marker to cull the black plumage alleles from parental generation of Okuminokojidori breeding hen. A total of 15 WPR cocks and 20 RIR hens were crossed as parental generation to elucidate the association between melanocortin 1-receptor (MC1R) and plumage color of the Okuminokojidori breeding hen. MC1R was amplified and sequenced in the parental generation. Six nonsynonymous mutations leading to Met71Thr, Glu92Lys, Leu133Gln, Thr143Ala, Arg213Cys and His215Pro were detected. As the result of haplotype analysis of amino acid substitution, three alleles (E, ER and eb) and two alleles (eb and ey) were observed in the WPR and the RIR populations, respectively. In the F1 generation, all of the eb/ey chicks (eb and ey were inherited from WPR and RIR, respectively) showed “wheaten” down color and eb/eb chicks showed dark brownish down color. E/? and ER/? chicks showed “black” down color. The MC1R (E) locus was confirmed to be associated with Okuminokojidori breeding hen plumage color in this study. A PCR-RFLP marker of His215Pro was developed and was applied to distinguish eb and the other alleles. We have successfully culled the “black” plumage color chicks from Okuminokojidori breeding hen using the PCR-RFLP marker of His215Pro.View full abstractDownload PDF (668K) -
Hajime IEKI, Osamu ENISHI, Kazuki NAKASHIMA, Yasuhiko MURAKAMI, Mao SA ...2006 Volume 77 Issue 2 Pages 215-224
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study aimed to investigate the feasibility of utilizing kale juice residue as a feed. In experiment 1, in situ disappearance of three types of kale juice residue (raw : RK, dried at 90°C for 7 hours : DK, ensiled : SK1) and alfalfa hay (AH) was determined by the nylon bag technique using two rumen fistulated dry cows. The crude protein (CP) of kale juice residue was 17.2-18.9% (DM basis) which was as high as AH, but the neutral detergent insoluble crude protein content in CP of DK was higher than those of RK, SK1, and AH. The CP of RK and SK1 showed a lower disappearance rate from the bag than that of AH at the early incubation time, and the degradability was not different. On the other hand, the CP of DK compared to the other two juice residues showed a lower disappearance rate at any incubation time and lower degradability. The neutral detergent fiber of the three kale juice residues showed a higher disappearance rate than that of AH at any incubation time. In experiment 2, in order to investigate the digestibility and nutritive value of kale juice residue silage with lactic acid bacteria plus cellulase (SK2), four Japanese native goats were fed a diet consisting of SK2 and alfalfa hay cubes (1 : 1 on DM basis) or alfalfa hay cubes only. The total digestible nutrients, digestible energy and metabolizable energy (per DM) of SK2 was estimated to be 69.1%, 14.6 MJ/kg, and 13.4 MJ/kg, respectively. The nitrogen balance of the animals fed the diet containing 50% SK2 showed less urine nitrogen excretion and greater nitrogen retention than that fed alfalfa hay cubes only. These results indicate that kale juice residue has a potentially high nutritive value for ruminant feed.View full abstractDownload PDF (825K) -
Kanji OKANO, Emi TANEMURA, Satoko MIKI, Satoshi INATOMI2006 Volume 77 Issue 2 Pages 225-230
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo improve the digestibility of spent corncob meal substrate after cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii at a shorter incubation period, we examined the effects of incubation temperature and period on the chemical composition and digestibility of the spent substrate. In Experiment 1, samples of the spent substrate, after cultivating P. eryngii on the substrate consisting of corncob meal and rice bran, were incubated at 17, 20 and 24°C, each for 20, 40, 60 and 80 days. In Experiment 2, samples of the spent substrate, after cultivating P. eryngii on a substrate containing corncob meal, collected from a mushroom growing company, were incubated at 17, 20 and 24°C, each for 30 and 60 days. In both experiments, the change of chemical composition in the spent substrate incubated at 24°C was greater in the shorter incubation period compared to the other temperatures. In Experiment 1, the in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) in the spent substrate before incubating was 65.3%, and was elevated to 80.0% by incubating at 24°C for 40 days. However, there was no significant difference in IVOMD between 40 and 80 days. In Experiment 2, the IVOMD was elevated from 53.3% to 73.0% through incubating at 24°C for 60 days. The IVOMD of the spent substrate used in both experiments was higher than that of rice straw used as control. Since the results of in vitro gas production also showed that digestibility in spent substrate was most improved by incubating at 24°C, it is concluded that the digestibility of spent substrate is improved by a shorter incubation period at higher temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (482K) -
Makoto YAMAZAKI, Hitoshi MURAKAMI, Kazuki NAKASHIMA, Hiroyuki ABE, Tos ...2006 Volume 77 Issue 2 Pages 231-235
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was carried out to assess the impact of global warming on the broiler meat production in Japan. The relation between ambient temperature and meat production was investigated and it was found that at 27.2 and 30.0°C, meat production decreased by 5 and 15%, respectively, compared to meat production at 23.0°C. The summer (July, August and September) data were analyzed with a program that illustrates the temperature range and the area on the map. The database of “Climate Change Mesh Data (Japan)” was used to calculate the annual mean temperature under the climate change scenario at all 10×10km mesh. In 2060’s, the mean temperature of July, August and September in south Kyushu area (Miyazaki and Kagoshima city) and north Tohoku area (Aomori and Morioka city) was predicted to increase from 1.8-2.5°C and from 3.0-4.5°C, respectively. In all months, meat production will decrease gradually and with the progress of year, and serious effects were forecasted in Kyushu, Shikoku, Chugoku and Kinki area. In Tohoku area, where it is not a hot area, meat production will be affected with global warming. This area is main producer of Japanese chicken, therefore, effective measures to present the decrease in production are necesssary. In conclusion, global warming will greatly affect the chicken meat production in Japan by the middle of 21st century.View full abstractDownload PDF (462K) -
Kenichiro TAKAHASHI, Takeshi HORI, Michitaka NAMI, Toshinori HONMA, Hi ...2006 Volume 77 Issue 2 Pages 237-244
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to examine a new method of predicting the BCS number by using digital images of carcass cross-sections obtained from high-resolution photographic equipment. Six types of digital images (JPEG and TIFF images along the outline of the rib eye, and JPEG and TIFF images for the rectangular area of the rib eye, and those JPEG images adjusted with the variation of luminance) of the cross section were taken for 46 Japanese Black steers using the new equipment. Average values of R (Red), G (Green), B (Blue) and the luminance for the whole rib eye, the muscle and the marbling area (total of 108 variables) were calculated. A multiple regression analysis was performed by the REG procedure in SAS to predict the BCS number. BCS numbers evaluated by graders were used as a dependent variable, and traits obtained by the image analysis were used as independent variables which were limited to 5. Images with adjusted luminance and extracted along the outline of the rib eye had the highest determination coefficient (R2=0.783). Ninety five point seven percent of the BCS numbers evaluated by graders were correctly predicted using BCS numbers by the image analysis, suggesting that it is possible to predict BCS numbers with high accuracy.View full abstractDownload PDF (674K) -
Yasuyuki TANIMOTO, Keiko TERAI, Mizuno HADA, Atsushi TANIMURA, Kouichi ...2006 Volume 77 Issue 2 Pages 245-251
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study was to clarify the effects of nursing frequency on the utilization of an automatic milk replacer feeding system (AMRFS) in Japanese Black calves. We designed two groups, the high nursing frequency group (0.5 l/time) and the low nursing frequency group (1.0 l/time). The frequency of human assistance to calves for visiting AMRFS in the high nursing frequency group using the AMRFS was significantly higher than that of the low nursing frequency group during the first day of using the system (P<0.05). After that, there were no differences between the groups. The frequency of attempts to gain a reward for calves in the high nursing frequency group was significantly higher than that of calves in the low nursing frequency group during the experimental period (P<0.05). The frequency of unrewarded visits to the AMRFS in the high nursing frequency group was significantly higher than that of the low nursing frequency group for the first 3 days and on the seventh day after introduction of calves (P<0.05). However, the likelihood of an unrewarded visit to the AMRFS at 49 days after introduction increased in the low nursing frequency group. The percentage of calves who consumed all of their allotted portion in the high nursing frequency group was significantly higher than that of the low nursing frequency group during the first four days after introduction (P<0.05). The body weight at weaning tended to be higher in the high nursing frequency group than in the low nursing frequency group. These results indicated that high nursing frequency is effective for artificial nursing by the AMRFS according to utilization of the AMRFS and calf growth performance.View full abstractDownload PDF (526K) -
Yasuo TANAKA, Hideaki SHINOZAKI, Korefumi WATANABE, Tatsuma MORI, Yosh ...2006 Volume 77 Issue 2 Pages 253-258
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSContinuous water quality monitoring of effluent is important for proper control of animal wastewater treatment facility. To develop a simple and reliable monitoring method, a fundamental study was carried out on the relationship between water quality of the effluent and its color indicated by the parameter L*a*b*. Effluent of a swine wastewater treatment plant was collected every week for a year, and its water quality (suspended solids (SS), biological oxygen demand E(BOD), ammonium), and L*, a* and b* were determined. A glass cell type color analyzer was used for the L*a*b* determination. Multiple regression analysis between water quality as a predictor variable and L*, a*and b* as criterion variables suggest that concentrations of SS, BOD and ammonium are predictable by linear equations.View full abstractDownload PDF (528K) -
Masahiro TAKAHASHI2006 Volume 77 Issue 2 Pages 259-267
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe decomposition of organic matter during composting was evaluated by detergent analysis. Two kinds of compost, comprising of either cattle feces only, or cattle feces and sawdust, were used as test materials. Glycine was added to each compost as nitrogen source. The content and decomposition ratio of organic cellular contents (OCC), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), NDF-ADF, acid detergent lignin (ADL), and neutral detergent lignin (NDL) were monitored during the composting process. After two wkeeks, NDF-ADF showed progress in decomposition and it continued to decompose gradually until the 24 months, which turned out to have the highest decomposition ratio. ADL hardly decomposed, whereas NDL decomposed slightly and consequently, their values reversed. The NDF-ADF and NDL began decomposing almost simultaneously after one week. Almost 100% of the NDF-ADF in cattle feces had de- composed after 12 months. Almost 100% of NDF-ADF in sawdust with added glycine had decomposed after 24 months. The NDF-ADF in sawdust with no added glycine showed a decomposition ratio of around 60% even after 24 months. Accumulation of nitrate nitrogen suppressed decomposition of both lignin and fiber in the cattle feces manure. Organic matter in sawdust that was soluble in acidic detergent (AD) was hardly decomposed. From the resemblance to the preexisting literature value, results indicate that detergent analysis allowed the evaluation of organic matter decomposition during compost processing of either cattle feces only or a mixture of cattle feces and sawdust.View full abstractDownload PDF (705K) -
Kenn TOU, Shinichi KOBAYASHI, Seiichi KOIZUMI2006 Volume 77 Issue 2 Pages 269-277
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis article is to clarify the current situation and future prospects for the National School Milk Programme in China, which was officially inaugurated in late 1999. The objectives of this Programme are to improve the health of Chinese people, especially school children, and also to support the development of the dairy sector which is seen as an avenue to eliminate rural poverty. Forty-nine dairies were designated as accredited manufacturers, which means they may supply school milk. Within three years’ of the program’s inception, the number of children enrolled in the programme had increased five times from around 400,000 to approximately two million. In 2002, there were 4,468 primary and junior high schools in the program, and these were serving school milk for 210 days each year. Although the programme contributes to the improvement of children’s health and the structure of agriculture to some extent, there are several problems that will be obstacles for further development. First, further improvement of milk quality is necessary. Second, a survey is needed to understand the accurate situation of Lactose intolerance among school children. Third, a subsidy to reduce prices is vital to promote the programme in the rural areas where parents can not afford to pay for the school milk.View full abstractDownload PDF (960K) -
Yusuke TABATA, Masayuki KITAGAWA, Tatsuya INAMURA, Joken ISHIDA, Hiroy ...2006 Volume 77 Issue 2 Pages 279-288
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study was to evaluate phosphorus utilization in the mixed farming system of beef fattening and rice production by systems balance method. Survey was conducted in the farm where 10 beef steers were fattened. The farming system was divided into 4 components, and input-output of each component was quantified. Overall phosphorus efficiency was 0.18, meaning that 18% of total phosphorus input was produced as agricultural products. Phosphorus loss was largest in the rice production component, implying high accumulation of phosphorus in the paddy field. Comparison between the result of this study and nitrogen utilization previously reported showed that overall efficiency was lower in phosphorus utilization than in nitrogen utilization, and that the component losses were largest for phosphorus in the rice production component and for nitrogen in the beef-fattening component. These results demonstrate that utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus was different in this farm. It is believed that the methodology of this study was useful for evaluating farm level utilization of phosphorus and nitrogen.View full abstractDownload PDF (719K) -
Yousuke CHOUMEI, Takayuki IBI, Hiroyuki HIROOKA2006 Volume 77 Issue 2 Pages 289-294
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study was to investigate effects of attributes and consciousness of farm households on prices and traits of carcass sold from the farms. Questionnaire surveys were conducted to farms under the Agura Co-operative Farm and 91 questionnaires were available for the present analysis. Best linear unbiased estimations (BLUEs) of each farm for carcass prices and traits were estimated using 20,346 carcass records collected from January 2004 to March 2005 at the Agura co-operation Farm. The BLUEs were analyzed by least squares procedures using a model containing attributes and consciousness of farm households obtained from questionnaires as sources of variation. The result showed that farm households who make great account of both income and joy of life in keeping animals can produce carcasses with higher quality. In addition, it was shown that the effect of farm size on carcass unit price was quadratic ; as farm size increased, carcass unit price decreased and increased beyond the size of more than 932 heads.View full abstractDownload PDF (537K)
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