日本農芸化学会誌
Online ISSN : 1883-6844
Print ISSN : 0002-1407
ISSN-L : 0002-1407
29 巻, 10 号
選択された号の論文の21件中1~21を表示しています
  • 千手 諒一
    1955 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 745-749
    発行日: 1955年
    公開日: 2008/11/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    Using a new determination method of tannin by means of colloid-titration with methy-glycol-chitosan, the reactions between various tannins and hide powder were investigated from the viewpoint of absorption isotherm. The absorption mechanism of tannins such as qebracho (SO2 treatment), chestnut, myrobalan, and lignosulfonic acid can be represented by LANGMUIR's equ-ation, but in the case of tannins such as mangrove and Acacia Mollissima it may rather follow FREUNDLICH's equation. Or the basis of various data of absorption isotherm, it seems reason-able to assume that absorption of the tannins of the former group can be partly ionic, whereas that of the later group non-ionic.
  • 千手 諒一
    1955 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 749-754
    発行日: 1955年
    公開日: 2008/11/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    This work was undertaken in order to quantitatively determine the selective absorption of the tanning materials from the solution containing both lignosulfonic acid and the vegetable tannin. For this purpose, a method to determine the vegetable tannin and lignosulfonic acid separately has been first established by colloid-titration. The absorption of the vegetable tannin by hide powder is disturbed by lingosulfonic acid, and this disturbance is remarkable, in case of the tannin having the ionic character. However, if the absorption of tannin by hide powder is non-ionic such as that of Acacia Mollissima, the selective absorption of lignosulfonic acid and tannin does not occur. This is due to the fact that the absorption active center of Acacia Mollissima is different from that of lignosulfonic acid.
  • (第1報)両切たばこの煙及び吸殻中のニコチン分布について(その1)
    伊沢 正夫, 小橋 友助
    1955 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 754-759
    発行日: 1955年
    公開日: 2008/11/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    (1) Using a mechanical smoking de%, ice (smoking conditions: regular sized blended cigarettes, volume of smoke/1 puff-40cc., puff/30 sec.-once, length of time required to take each puff-2 sec.), the authors studied on the distribution of nicotine in cigarette-smoke and butt, and measured the burning velocity and smoke-flow resistance of cigarettes.
    (2) The ratio of nicotine going into the main smoke vs. the nicotine in one cigarette incr-eased along with the length of the smoked portion, and was larger in soft cigarettes than in hard ones. When 3/4 of the entire length of the cigarette was smoked, the ratios in soft, medium and hard cigarettes were 21, 19 and 13% respectively.
    (3) By “3/4-smoking” about 49% of nicotine in one soft cigarette escaped into side smoke or decomposed, while values in medium and hard cigarettes were 52 and 59%, respectively.
    (4) The rate of the nicotine accumulated in butt was larger in short butts than in long ones, and higher in soft cigarettes than in hard ones. In smoking of 3/4 of initial length, the rate of increased nicotine in butt were: soft cigarettes 18%, medium 15%, and hard 14%. In “1/4-smok ing” the rates were the largest in the center of butts in both soft and medium cigarettes, while in the case of hard ones largest in the neighbouring portion of the glowing zone. In “2/4-smoking”, however, every cigarette showed the same trend having lower values in mouth side of butts.
    (5) Advancing of the glowing zone produced by each puffing in soft, medium and hard cigarettes was. 3.8, 3.2 and 2. 5 mm respectively.
    (6) Lighted cigarettes showed increased values of “smoke-flow resistance” different from the initial air-flow resistance through unsmoked cigarettes. The ratios of the maximum increase .of the resistance of soft, medium and hard cigarettes were approximately 70, 60 and 30%.
  • (第1報)フィステル設着山羊の飼養及びガスの組成に就て
    神立 誠, 松本 達郎, 風間 雍, 菊野 恵一郎, 一之瀬 幸男
    1955 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 759-764
    発行日: 1955年
    公開日: 2008/11/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to elucidate the fermentative process in the rumen, goats whose rumen has a permanent fistula with fistula plug have been raised soundly for a long period (Fig. 1).
    In foreign country, the feeding of ruminant with a permanent fistula was hitherto reported by many workers. But our success of the raising should be the first one in Japan. The rumen gas was collected through the fistula plug under several conditions and subjected to analyses (CH4 C02, 02 and H2).
    (1) The animal was fed on a measured quantity of a fodder composed of mixed concentr ate and prairie hay once a day and the rumen gas was collected at definite time. Its composi-tion and the ratio C02/CH4, changed with the season. The pH of rumen liquor was always lower than 7 (Table 2).
    (2) In animal fed on concentrates the C02 content of rumen gas increased, reaching maximun 1_??_2 hrs after feeding, then decreased slowly. Its content was higher in the morning than in the afternoon. The CH4 content changed almost the same in manner as C02, but. a little irregularly.
    The ratio of C02/CH4 was not influenced by feeding, but' its value was increased from morning to afternoon (Table 4). When the animal was fed on grazing, the increasing tendency of the ratio of C02/CH4 was the same as fed on concentrate, but its value was higher than the latter (Table 5).
  • (其の2) 転移生成糖類の分離,確認(非醗酵性糖に関する研究 第15報)
    柴崎 一雄
    1955 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 764-769
    発行日: 1955年
    公開日: 2008/11/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    グルコース及び1,4-α-結合のpolymerからなる水飴にSchizosaccharomyces Pombeを作用させ転移生成するsakébiose, kojibiose, isomaltose, panose, isomaltotriose, kojitriose及び残存maltose, maltotriose等を主にcarbon column chromatographyで分離,遊離糖或いはアセテートとして結晶にとり確認した.
  • (第6報)茶葉水浸液中の酸性物質について
    酒戸 彌二郎, 伊賀 隆, 松村 隆
    1955 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 769-770
    発行日: 1955年
    公開日: 2008/11/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    (1) 茶葉水浸液から, KREES-cycleに関係するものとして,認ハク酸を単離し,林檎酸の存在を確認し得た.
    (2) 蓚酸は,硫酸酸性にして抽出したものも,そのまま抽出したものも同様であるから,Ca-塩としてではなく,遊離の状態で存在するものと思われる.
    (3) 蓚酸,コハク酸,ペクチン酸が,いずれも煎茶より玉露に多い事は,日光の遮閉により,茶中の物質代謝が著しく変化をうけているものと思われる.
    (尚,クエン酸は精製したBuOH, AcOHを用いて展開した時には,クロマトグラム上にspotを認め得なかつた)
  • (第7報)茶葉水浸液よりMyo-inositolの単離について
    酒戸 彌二郎, 松村 隆
    1955 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 770-771
    発行日: 1955年
    公開日: 2008/11/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    Myo-inositol was isolated from the water extracts of dried tea leaves. The method is as follows: neutral lead-acetate was added to the water extracts of dried tea, leaves, and after removing the salts the solution alkalized by dil. NaOH soln. in order to precipitate the lead-salts of myo-inositol and other glucosides.
    The basic lead-salt was next decomposed by hydrogensulphide gas and evaporated in vacuo to a thin syrup, then absolute methanol was added.
    The insoluble fraction, after the removal of methanol, was passed through the columns of ionexchange resin in order to remove cations and other acids.
    The solution, after passing through the two columns, were then evaporated in vacuo to a thin syrup and recrystallised from dill ethanol and methanol-ether solvent.
    The yield is about 0.01 wt. % of dried tea.
  • 前川 一之, 櫛部 政久
    1955 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 772-774
    発行日: 1955年
    公開日: 2008/11/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper is concerned with the separation and determination of lysine from protein hydro-lysine, by means of paper ionophoresis.
    In regard to the separation and the recovery of lysine, the following conditions were found suitable: current; 3. 5 mA/4cm (width), voltage; 300 volts; duration, 180 minutes; electro-lyte; 5/100M solution.
    Under the present experimental 'condition, teh decomposition rate of lysine was estimated during ionophoresis, and data for the determination of lysine is given in Figures 3 and 5.
  • 梶 明, 穴吹 吉夫
    1955 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 775-780
    発行日: 1955年
    公開日: 2008/11/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. Cl. felsineum var. sikokianumの液化型PGがAmberlite IRC-50によく吸着されることを利用して糖化型PGと分離して精製を行つた.又Protopectinaseも除表出来た.
    2. 糖化型PGはIRC-50に吸着されることなく通過液に存在するので,液化型PGを含有しない糖化型PGの粗酵素剤を得た.
    3. 液化型PGのペクチン酸に対する作用型式を検討し,その主要生産物は尚polyuronideでlimit polygalacturonic acidと称すべきものである.
    4. 糖化型PGはペクチン酸に直接作用することなく,液化型PGが作用して生成した上記polygalacturonic acidを分解する.生産物はmono-, digalacturonic acidである.
    5. この細菌の液化型PGはペクチンに対してはペクチン酸に於けるより遙かに小さい作用力を示す.
  • (第9報)麹菌proteinaseの性質 (2) 各種無機イオン及びsulfhydryl reagentsの影響
    松島 欽一
    1955 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 781-784
    発行日: 1955年
    公開日: 2008/11/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    1) 諸種のcationsの中で2×10-3M濃度に於て麹菌proteinaseに対する阻害的影響のみられるのは数種の重金属イオンであり,就中Hg++及びAg+の阻害力が最も顕著である.
    2) Anionsの中ではferrocyan ion及びiodic acid ionによつて僅か乍ら酵素活性度の低下が認められた.
    3) 重金属イオンによつて阻害を受けた酵素はH2S又はthiosulphateの如きreversing agentsによつてその活性度を回復する.
    4) Specific sulfhydryl reagentsによつては明らかなる阻害作用が認められないので,本酵素がthiol enzymeであるとは考えられない.
    本稿を終るに当り,終始御助言と御鞭撻を戴いた東京大学応用微生物研究所北原覚雄教授・並びに三重大学農学部圏中庄助教授に厚く御礼申し上げる.又大阪大学理学部萩原文二氏からは種々有益なる御意見を得た.記して謝意を表する.尚供試タカジアスターゼは三共製薬株式会社より恵与されたものなることを附し,御高配を賜つた同研究所岡崎浩氏に深謝する.
  • (第1報)各種乳酸菌ファージの分離
    金子 太吉
    1955 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 784-788
    発行日: 1955年
    公開日: 2008/11/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    An attempt was made to search for bacteriophages affecting lactic acid bacteria of various groups. Eighteen strains of phage were isolated; 7 were found to ba active against Streptococcus brevis, 6 against S. faecalis, 2 against Lactobacillus arabinosus, 2 against L. brevis and 1 against leuco nostoc mesenteroides.
  • (第2報)乳酸菌ファージの増殖に及ぼす温度の影響
    金子 太吉, 岩野 貞雄, 北原 覺雄
    1955 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 788-793
    発行日: 1955年
    公開日: 2008/11/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    生〓から分離したLeuconostoc mesenteroidesのファージ(LP-17)の増殖に及ぼす温度の影響を調べた,このファージは,宿主の適温(約30°)では勿論, 5°でもなお充分その作用を発揮し得るが, 38°においてはkilling effectを示すのみで,菌体内増殖を認め得ない.しかし潜伏期の後半まで30°に保ち,その後の温度を38°にすると不完全な力価上昇を示し,その状態はE. coliのファージにproflavineを作用させた場合等とよく似ている.著者らはこの性質を利用して,いわゆる「菌体内ファージ増殖曲線」に似たものを求めることができた.またファージの感染によつて宿主の耐熱性が著しく低下し,その低下は感染初期に特に著しいことを証明した.
  • 小川 鉄雄, 明石 武和
    1955 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 794-796
    発行日: 1955年
    公開日: 2008/11/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    (1) グルタミン酸を30mm程度の減圧下で200°で加熱熔融する事により,比較的収量よく生成する結晶が3, 5, 8, 10-tetraketoperhydrodipyrrolo [a, d] pyrazineである事を確認した.
    (2) これを熱水にて加水分解すれば,先ずN-pyroglutamyl pyroglutamic acidが生成し,遂にはpyroglutamic acidとなる事を確認した.
  • (第3報)醤油麹菌による酵母リボ核酸の酵素的分解径路(その1)
    国中 明
    1955 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 797-800
    発行日: 1955年
    公開日: 2008/11/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. リボヌクレオデポリメラーゼ,リボヌクレオフォスファターぜ両系を少量の試料,簡単な操作により同時こ寒天板上で検出する方法を見出した.
    2. 陰イオン交換樹脂(Amberlite IRA-400)柱通過によつてフォスファターぜ活性を除いた醤油麹菌リボヌクレオデポリメラーゼ系で,酵母リボ核酸を無機燐酸脱離なしに分解し,分解物の濾紙電気泳動,クロマトグラ〓分光分析によりその大部分がアデニル酸,グアニル酸,シチジル酸,ウリジル酸であることを認めた.
    3. フォスファターゼ系をも含むリボ核酸分解酵素系による分解物からは,無機燐酸とともにアデノシン,グ〓ノシン,シチジン,ウリジンを見出た.
  • (第4報)醤油麹菌による酵母リボ核酸の酵素的分解径路(その2)
    国中 明
    1955 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 801-805
    発行日: 1955年
    公開日: 2008/11/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    醤油麹菌Asp. oryzae var. No. 13のリボ核酸分解酵素系によるヌクレオチド,ヌクレオシド,塩基類の反応生成物を濾紙電気泳動,クロマトグラフィ,分光分析を用いて分離同定し,この酵素系がリボヌクレオデポリメラーゼ系の他に, 3'-アデニル酸, 3'-グアニル酸, 3'-シチジル酸, 3'-ウリジル酸に作用するフォスフォモノエステラーぜ(モノヌクレオチダーゼ). 3'-アデニル酸及びアデノシンに作用するアデニルデアミナーぜ,イノシン及びグアノシンに作用するプリンヌクレオシドヒドロラーぜを含むことを認めた.
  • 野本 正雄, 奈良橋 快子, 新川 保太郎
    1955 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 805-809
    発行日: 1955年
    公開日: 2008/11/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    ソルビン酸の抗菌力に及ぼす培地pHの影響を検討し,次の結論を得た.
    (1) 供試菌株の如何にかかわりなく,ソルビン酸の抗菌力は培地のpHによつて著るしい影響を受け, pH 4以下の酸性側にあつては数万倍の稀釈度でも尚よく微生物の生育を阻止するが,中性に向うにつれて急激に抗菌力を減じ,中性附近では殆んど無効になる.これに反し,ソルビン酸のエステル誘導体は常に一定の抗菌力を示し,数万倍の稀釈度で微生物の生育を阻止する.
    (2) これらの現象は,ソルビン酸の非解離型分子に対する細胞膜の選択的透過性に起因するものと考え跨れる.即ち,ソルビン酸は培地のpHに応じて,それぞれ一定のイオン解離を示す.このうち非解離型分子のみは細胞膜を透過し得て有効な抗菌力を発揮するが,イオン型分子は細胞内に侵入できず,その生理に影響しない.従つてソルビン酸の抗菌力を規定するものは,その非解離型分子濃度であり,これはpHの函数であるから,抗菌力も亦pHによつで変動するものと理解される.エステルの如き非解離性の誘導体がpHの変動に無関係に常に最大の抗菌力を保持しうるのも,全く同じ理由に基づくものである.
    終りに多大の御援助と御教示を頂いた東大応微研丸尾助教授,科研並木満夫氏に感謝します.
  • 1955 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 805a
    発行日: 1955年
    公開日: 2008/11/21
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 1955 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 805b
    発行日: 1955年
    公開日: 2008/11/21
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 有島 成夫, 関沢 泰治, 佐藤 知子, 三輪 恵子
    1955 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 810-817
    発行日: 1955年
    公開日: 2008/11/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    Streptomyces No. 310 is an antibiotic streptomyces which was isolated by the authors from the soil of Sayama-hill in1949. The antibiotic substance (No. 310 substance) produced by this organism crystallizes from acetone in rhombic form; d. p. 228_??_230°, elemental analysis (Found: C 51.49, H 5.06, N 4.94, Cl 13.15), antibacterial spectrum and toxicity of this substance show that No. 310 substance is identical with aureomycin monohydi-ochloride(3)(4). After the taxonomic studies on Streptomyces No. 310, the authors recognized that Streptomyces No. 310 was different from Streptomyces aureofaciens; an aureomycin producing strain which was reported by B. M. DUGGAR in 1948(3)(5). Streptomyces No 310 is easily differentiated from Streptomyces aureofaciens in the following points; the conidium of S. No. 310 is short rod to short, cylindrical in intact form, and when stained with PFEIFFER's method it is right prism to cube-shaped having slightly rounded corner, about 1.0 by 1.5 microns, on the other hand the conidium of S. aureofacieas is spheroidal to oval. (Table 4). On the potato plug S. No. 310 showes heavy growth, pinkish gray with purplish tinge, pale reddish brown soluble pigment formed, rugous and potato darkened after long time, while S. aureofaciens does not formed soluble pigment and not darkened potato. (Table 4). The culture of litmus milk; S. No. 310 shower yellowish gray collar, coagulation and peptonization with alkaline reaction, while S. aureofaciens showes yellow-brown above, neither significant pH change nor apparent peptonization in 15 days (Table 4). After the analytical comparisons of chemical changes in l0% skim-milk powder medium, S. No. 310 is different from S. aureofaciens in the surveys of total N and NH3-N in centrifuged culture medium, redoxpotential and pH; EhmV of S. No. 310 broth in 6 days is +107.2 mV at pH 6.6, 37° while +163.2 mV at pH 6.2, 37°, in S. aureofaciens. On 12 th day S. aureofaciens showes higher potential than S. No. 310. pH of S. No. 310 broth on 17th day culture is pH 8.2 and that of S. aureofariens is pH 5.8. The observation on total N and NH3-N of the two strains. is different as Fig. 3.
    According to the T. G. PRIDHAM's method(7), S. No. 310 cannot utilize xylose, arabinose and lactose, while S. aureofaciens utilizes these three carbohydrates.
    In the description of BERGEY'S Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (1949), S. No. 310 is only somewhat related to S. flavovirens but it is differenciated from this species by the color of soluble pigment, and on the culture of gelatin stab; S. No. 310 does not liquefy gelatin (Table 3).
    Hence, the authors designated this strain as Streptomyces sayamaensis n. sp. after the name of the place, whence this organism has been isolated.
  • (第3報) Kynurenineの化学的調製法
    坂村 貞雄, 小幡 彌太郎
    1955 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 817-819
    発行日: 1955年
    公開日: 2008/11/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    In previous papers, the authors described on the photolysis of tryptophan and its resulting products.
    Afterwards, further experiments were attempted to confirm those products when oxidizable L- and DL-tryptophan were treated with peracetic acid and performic acid.
    Among the oxidized products of L-tryptophan, L-kynurenine was isolated and identified as L-kynurenine sulfate monohydrate, and DL-kynurenine sulfate monohydrate was similary derived from DL-tryptophan.
    Now L- and DL-kynurenine may be prepared easily by the use of peracetic acid without depending upon the biological method.
  • (第2報) Pantoic acidおよびその前駆物質の定量について(その2)
    松山 晃
    1955 年 29 巻 10 号 p. 820-826
    発行日: 1955年
    公開日: 2008/11/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    The estimation of pantoic acid (PA) and its precursors contained in the enzymatic reaction mixture was studied. The results were as follows:
    (1) α-Ketopantoic acid (KPA) was determined by means of the specific color reaction of 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of a-ketopantolactone (KPL-DNP), with ammonia water (cf. Part 2 No 1). The conversion of a-ketpoantolactone (KPL) to KPL-DNP was promoted by the addition of hydrochloric acid and especially ethanol. The condition of the quantitative formation of KPL-DNP and the standard curve for determination are shown in Table 2 and Figure 4, respec-tively.
    (2) β, β-Dimethylpyruvic acid (DMPA) was determined by measuring the red color due to the alkalinized 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of DMPA (DMPA-DNP). The standard curve is shown in Figure 9. The steric structure of DMPA-DNP was assigned to the syn configuration from the infrared absorption spectra data and the difficulty of isomerization to an anti isomer may be attributed to effects of steric hindrance caused by the terminal methyl groups of DMPA-DNP molecule.
    (3) The total amount of KPA and PA was determined by the color reaction of KPL and pantolactone (PL) using 2, 7-naphthalenediol reagent. The standard curves are shown in Figure 11.
    (4) RF values of pantothenic acid precursors and their related compounds are shown in Table 4.
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