The formation of anthraqulnone pigments in the mycelia of
Penicillium islandicum Sopp. NRRL 1175 during cultivation on different kinds of media was studied in detail by means of paper chromatography.
1) Seven pigments, erythroskyrin, skyrin, oxyskyrin, chrysophanol, pigment-0.8, pigment-C and flavoskyrin, were detected in the mycelium grown on complete medium (Table 1).
2) Within a range of pH 5.4 to 7.6, the formation of the mycelial pigments did not depend on pH-value of the culture media used (Table 2). However, the occurrence of the pigments, in particular pigment-0.8 and flavoskyrin, was found to be affected by the nutrients added to the medium (Table 2, 3 and 4).
3) After several generations obtained by successive inoculation of conidia on the minimal medium, the biosynthetic capacity of the mold to form both pigment-0.8 and flavoskyrin is completely abolished, and can not be recovered even after inoculation on the complete medium (Table 4).
4) From the data obtained in relation to the sequence of pigment synthesis in the mycelia (Table 5-8), it is suggested that skyrin is a primary product in the biosynthesis of anthraquinone pigments and oxyskyrin is derived therefrom through oxidation of its 7-CH
3 group. Both pigment-0.8 and flavoskyrin are probably formed in the final step of biosynthesis.
5) Since the structure of erythroskyrin remains unsettled, any final evidence could not be obtained at present for the biosynthetic interrelationship between erythroskyrin and other mycelial pigments, However, in view of the fact that the formation of skyrin takes place in growing mycelia even after erythroskyrin has ceased to be formed (Table 3 and 4), it is suggested that erythroskyrin is not involved in biosynthetic route of skyrin as an intermediate.
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