The present paper deals with patho-bacteriological examination of tuberculous cavities resected from cases treated with chemotherapies. Subjects were 56 cases, whose cavities were manifested in x-ray pictures, even after chemotherapies of SM, PAS, INH, for 3 months to more than 1 year.
1. Thirty three cases (58.8%) had remaining cavities, of which two were purified cavities. Sixteen cases (28.6%) had inspissated cavities, 5 cases (8.2%) had closed cavities, 2 cases (3.7%) had cicatricial healing, and the other 9 cases (16.0%) had anatomical healing.
2. In fresh cavities, x-ray pictures showed remarkable improvement and anatomical healing might be expected by chemotherapy, however, most of indurated cavities were still left as remaining cavities.
3. Out of 33 cases examined for tubercle bacilli in the focus of their remaining cavities, 31 cases (93.7%) showed positive result by smear test, 26 cases (78.7%) positive by culture. Meanwhile, out of 23 cases, whose cavities disappeared by x-ray examination, 18 cases (78.3%) were bacilli positive by smear, and 8 cases (34.7%) by culture.
4. Among 27 cases that were bacilli negative in sputa, 7 cases (25.9%) were bacilli negative in the foci both by smear and culture and 22 cases (81.4%) were positive by smear and negative by culture.
5. Not only morphological changes but also decreases of acidfastness and boiling-fastness were found in the tubercle bacilli that were found in positive smear and negative culture.
6. Surgical therapy seems to be necessary in case of bacilli positive in sputa after chemotherapy.
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