To find the situation of primary infection of human cytomegalovirus, the longitudinal virus isolation was attempted with healthy infants living at home, from birth to one year of age. The excretion of the virus detectable in mouth swabs was clearly demonstrated among infants between 5 and 9 months of age, at maximum 56 per cent of infants of 5 months. The incidence of isolation apparently diminished when infants reached to 10 to 12 months of age.
The results may suggest that the primary infection of cytomegalovirus occurs in approximately 50 per cent of healthy infants living at home, by 5 months of age. Then it is considered that these normal infants may become carrier of the virus persistently. Accordingly, acquired cytomegalovirus infection or pathogenicity of the virus should be discussed after due consideration of these findings. Finally, possibility of vertical transmission in the normal infants is discussed.

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Albino rats were used as experimental animals. Method
A: Biological sand pathological examinations.
Amylase determinations were carried out on serum, urine and pancreatic juice by Van Loon's method.
Bicarbonate levels of pancreatic juice were determined by the method of Natelson.
Histological examinations were made by Hematoxylin-Eosin and Mallory's stain.
B: Method for the collection of pancreatic juice.
Following the introduction of a fine polyethylene tube into the main bile duct through the duodenum, the bile duct was ligated at the proximal end, Pure pancreatic juice was obtained by this procedure.
C: Method of experimental pancreatic damage.
A fine Teflon tube was inserted deep into the main bile duct. The ligations were performed at the proximal and distal parts of the bile duct allowing the bile to flow through the tube into the duodenum and impeding the flow of pancreatic juice. Results
1. In normal rat, mean serum amylase value was 3123.7 unit/dl, mean urine amylase value was 5909.2unit/dl.
After the intravenous injection of secretin (10-15u/kg), the volume of pancreatic juice increased sharply, and amylase output was 289.6u/20min before stimulation, and 3451u/20min after stimulation.
2. Experimental Pancreatitis
When the histological examination revealed acute changes, increases of serum and urine amylase levels were distinct, and when the histological changes were that of chronic pancreatitis such as interstitial fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration, serum amylase was normal or lower than normal level and urine amylase level fluctuated.

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As for the blood vessel obstruction of mesentery, there has been many reports since the first one by Dr. Fiedeman in 1843. But in our country there has been only 145 reports since the one by Dr. Fuji in 1914.
The increase of the numbera of the vessel obstruction uses can be said to give warning of increment of this vessel obstruction of mesentery, and there are many problems about the diagnoses or treatment of that.
Lately we have done a laparotomy, suspecting that the case is vessel obstruction of mesentery; soon recognizing that it is so, we could succeed in the operation by excision of bowel. And so we are going to report that and try to make statistical observation about the 145 cases in our country.
The case was a 76 years old male of cerebromalacia; he was admitted to the department of internal medicine of our hospital with c. c. of cloudiness of consciousness, On Aug. 22, during his stay in our hospital there appeared sudden pang of abdomen; being suspected to be vessel obstruction of mesentery, he was sent to the surgical department. Puncture of abdominal cavity was done at once, and there was found hemato-ascites; so we undertook the operation without hesitation. There was noticed necrotic part of bowel extending over from small intestines to colon and we cut that part off with success.
Observing 145 cases in our country, we noticed that most of these cases occured between the 4th to 5th decade, and chronologically to say, the number had lately increased, According to the sex distinction, male is more than female, As for the blood vessel, many were noticed in the upper mesentery and quite a few in the lower mesentery; more than half of obstructed vessel were arterial ones, As for the intestinal tube, many were noticed in small intestines especially in ileum, and quite a few in large intestiness.
As for the causes of this case, 22% are caused by arteriosclerosis and next 15.1% are noticed after laparotomy. Besides, there are rather many spontaneous cases which are unaccountable.
It is very difficult to make a diagnosis before the operation, there are only 8 cases in Japan which could be diagnosed correctly beforehand. As one of the diagnostic aids, X-ray diagnosis or puncture into abdominal cavity can be considered; and from our own experience the latter can be said very effective.
As the remedys there has been done 79 excision of intestines, 4 temporizing operations (making of artificial fecal fistula) or excision of embolus, 14 exploratory laparotomy, and 19 internal treatments.
Of course surgical treatment is superior to the internal one, considering the results of these cases and excision of intestines is best. But even in the case in which the excision of intestines was made, the death rate extends to 40%. The results of the other treatments are ineffective. As for the excision of embolus, there has been only a few cases without success in Japan, but it can be considered a progress of the treatment for vessel obstruction of mesentery and combined treatment with excision of intestines is desirable for the purpose of prevention of its relapse. In addition to this, using of anti-coagulant, low moleculardextran or adrenal cortical hormone will be effective.

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1. Ribonuclease (RNase) activities were serially measured in the serum and urine of 231 patients with carcinoma of the digestive organs and other diseases before and during treatment of surgical or conservative means.
2. There was not found a definite correlation between the serum RNase level and the urine enzyme activity, but the concentration of urine RNase was generally increased in accordance with the elevation in the serum ribonucleae activity. Patients with neoplastic diseases usually presented an elevation of RNase levels either in the serum or in the urine.
3. in patients with benign gastric or biliary diseases, serum RNase levels were usually within normal limits, and profound surgery of these organs demonstrated little alteration in the concentration of serum rbonuclease.
4. RNase values were often elevated in cancer patients, and the enzyme activity was extremely high in all the cases of those with cancer of the bile duct or gall bladder. Elevations were seen in 36, 2 and 27, 3 per cent of sera samples from those with carcinoma of the stomach and esophagus, respectively, whereas the incidence and degree of abnormal levels were less marked in those carcinoma of the pancreas, colon, and rectum.
5. RNase activity in patients with neoplastic diseases was usually decreased after radical operation in comparison with preoperative values. A follow-up investigation was conducted for months into the enzyme level changes among those with advanced malignancies, who were treated conservatively, showing the fluctuation or increased activity of the enzyme during this period in many instances, A rapid and marked increase of RNase activity was frequently noted when the disease was entering the rapid progressive phase.
6. Serum and urine RNase activity was significantly decreased during the entire course of therapeutic X-ray irradiation to the human subject which followed radical resection of carcinoma of the breast or rectum, Inoperable cancer patients responded to the irradiation with variable activities. Those inoperable with clinical improvement, however, showed some decrease of RNase levels during this period.
7. In patients with cancer of the stomach and breast, postoperative chemotherapy resulted in a marked decline in RNase activity compared with control values, Tumor-bearing patients also showed a decreasing tendency in enzyme activity following this therapy, but this effect did not last beyond the period of 5 or 6 weeks of chemotherapy.
8. The incidence of serum RNase elevations was significantly higher in patients with impaired hepatic function than in those with normal liver function, In general, there was a considerable correlation between the blood RNase level and the activity of whole liver homogenate obtained at laparotomy in 24 patients with malignant and non-malignant diseases.
9. Mild to moderate RNase elevations were observed in many patients with marked hypoproteinemia as well as in those with depressed albumin globulin ratio, and the enzyme activity usually rose to higher levels as this value decreased, The blood RNase activity was also extremely raised in patients with raised serum urea nitrogen.
10. There was little correlation between the serum RNase level and the serum LDH activity, although RNase elevations were found in half of the patients with increased LDH values, The high incidence of serum RNase elevations in patients with hepatobiliary diseases appeared to be comparable to the frequency of elevations in the serum LAP activity of the same patients.

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1. Four hundred and seven cases of fracture of the forearm were treated in the Orthopaedic Department of Matsumoto National Hospital for 14 years from 1952 to 1966.
Sixty one cases in the total of 407 were studied as to the development and complaints of pronator and supinator contractures.
2. The contractures were found in the cases of having disturbance of the proximal and distal part of the radio-ulnar joint and the axis of forearm rotation, Soft tissue disturbance of the forearm would also be considered to be caused the contracture.
3. Pronation and supination of the forearm is only one part of the associated forearm motions, so that it would be difficult to discuss only pronation and supinations appeals. The degree of contracture and complaint would not be parallel.
4. Pronator and supinator contractures could be compensated by rotations of the shoulder and by using another hand. Patients complaints were getting decreased when the time came.
In general speaking, it would be coursed more severe complaints if the cases suffered from the effective hand, senile cases and the cases having pain.
6. Measurements of the 127 cases of normal people by Dr. Marumo's angle gauge were as follows:
pronation 51°
supination 126°
range of motion was 117°
There is no difference of this value in ages and sex, but about 9% difference was found in each side of same case.

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Inhibition mechanisms of serum ChE by some drugs were studied using two substrates, acetylcholine and benzoylcholine.
The drugs are thiamine, dibucaine, procaine and chlorpromazine.
ChE activities were assayed by Hesterin method and used ChE was pooled human serum.
The Lineweaver-Bark plot in the case of substrate acetylcholine showed straight line, and with thiamine and procaine showed competitive inhibition type. In the case of dibucaine and chlorpromazine it showed non-competitive inhibition type.
The Lineweaver-Burk plot in the case of substrate benzoylcholine showed a specific curved pattern. They showed complicated inhibitory pattern in the case of every drugs.

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The minimal inhibitory concentration of sulfaphenazol, sulfamethizole, sulfisomezol and sulfamonomethoxin to Myc. tuberculosis were compared, Sulfisoxazole which was most powerful to Myc. tuberculosis in our reported experiment was used as a control. Media used were 1% Ogawa's egg slant and Kirchiner's semi-liquid agar media.
Strains used were H₃₇Rv, Aoyama-B, 2 strains isolated from sputa of pulmonary tuberculosis patients untreated with drugs and 2 strains isolated from those treated with sulfisoxazole and other anti-tuberculous drugs.
Following result were obtained.
1) At 3 weeks culture, the minimal inhibitory concentration of each drug to the sensitive Myc. tuberculosis was as follows; on 1% Ogawa's egg slant, those of sulfisomezole, sulfamethizole, sulfamonomethoxin and sulfisoxazole were 10-20mcg/ml and sulfaphenazol was 10-50mcg/ml. In Kirchner's semi-liquid agar media, sulfamethizole was 10-20mcg/ml, sulfisomezole, sulfamonomethoxin, sulfisoxazole and sulfaphenazole were 10-50mcg/ml.
2) On 1% Ogawa's egg slant, sulfamethizole, sulfisomezole and sulfamonomethoxin were the most powerful to strains isolated from sputa of pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated with suif isoxazole, And sulfaphenazol was more powerful than sulfisomazole, In Kirchner's semi-liquid agar media, sulfamonomethoxin was most powerful, next sulfamethizole and sulfisomezole, and sulfaphenazol and sulfisomazole followed them.

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A clinical study was made on 76 patients who had been hospitalized over one year after the operation and whose vital capacities were less than 50% of the normal.
The degree of their subjective dyspnea were examined according to the Sasamoto's classification, and 34 patients (44.7% of the total) complained of severe dyspnea, more than 5th degree, Right heart loading on the postoperative electrocardiogram was found in 34 cases (44.7% of all cases), and these findings were correlated to 'the decrease of 96 VC. The cases with right heart loading increased remarkably when % VC lowered below 40%. The degree of dyspnea were also correlated to the decrease of % VC and % MBC, although they were not so intimately related to % FEV, C. V. I., RV/TLC and the rate of oxygen removal. Analysing the arterial gas in these cases, PH showed alkalosis at rest, PO₂ indicated below 80mmHg and PCO₂ 40mmHg mostly. PO₂ and PCO₂ were correlated to the degree of dyspnea and the findings of right heart loading on EKG, therefore PO₂ and PCO₂ will be a good index for postoperative cor pulmonale.
Concerning the operative me, bilateral surgical treatment, left thoracoplasty and pay with thoracoplasty must be carefully carried out because of the worse results of pulmonary function, arterial blood gas analysis and electrocardiogram postoperatively. Particularly, thoracoplasty after pneumonectomy should not be enforced.
Maity of these postoperative cor pulmonale occured about three years after the operation, so the clinical observation by electrocardiogram and arterial blood gas analysis must be continued for long term and adequate guidance and treatment for the patients should be done to prevent the cor pulmonale.

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The Ministry of Health & Welfare is charge of 93 national general hospital (N. H.) including branches and a cancer center, and 160 various national sanatoriums (N. S.) which consist of 153 Tbc sanatoriums, among which six have psychiatric units and ten have crippled and disabled units, 6 psychiatric sanatoriums and one sanatorium, for spinal cord disease.
The official number of registered nurse (R. N.) is 8, 377 at N. H. and 10, 436 at N. S. The actual number of R. N. has been nearly reached the number limit.
This report describes he common problems of nursing since each hospital and sanatorium has many different diverse problems depending upon it's purpose and scale.
First, nursing organization in the hospital has nit fully been established. Because of vague statements of nursing organization in Hospital Organization Acts issued by the Ministry, the function of director of nursing in administration is not authorized. This situation must be revised and improved.
Second problem is concerned with the official number of nurses and hours of duty. The official number of nurses are estimated by the following ; the nurse including practical nurse (P. N.) -bed ratio in N. H. is 1:4, or the nursing personnel including P. N. and nursing aide-bed ratio is 1:5 in N. S. The patient's need are never fully met by this ratio.
Since hours of duty of nurses is 44 hours a week with three shifts, the number of nurses at night-duty becomes considerably small; only one nurse is assigned for one nursing unit, which consists of 46 beds at N. H. and 58 beds at N. S. in a unit in average. Moreover, the frequency of night-duty is more than ten times a month, or nearly fifteen times especially in the maternity unit.
The All Japan National Medical Organization Worker's Union appealed to The National Personnel Authority to improve this condition. In 1965 the Authority sent a note of recommendation to the Ministry of Health & Welfare. It stated that more than two nurses should preferably assign for a nursing unit at night, that the frequency of night-duty should be less than eight times a moth and that an appropriate size of nut sing unit is 40 beds. Receiving this note, the Ministry made a plan to increase the staff, but the plan was not inact owing to the disapproval of the Ministry of Finance.
According to the statistics in 1966, the institutions, in which still one nurse is for one nursing unit under night-duty and it's frequency is nine or ten times, amount to 72 of N. H. or 70% of N. S. (66% of psychiatric sanatoriums). Im total, more than 25% increase of the present official number of nurses is required in order to improve the situation in accordance with the note of recommendation.
Another problem concerned with night-duty arises from the communication state in Japan; no midnight public transportation. A lot of nurses are compelled to stay in the hospitals after the evening-duty (from 4 p. m. to midnight). Besides, since the nurses who have their babies or children have increased, nurseries (open 24 hours) attached to the hospitals are strongly required.
Third, the quality of nurses is guadually degrading. The rate of R. N. to P. N. is 78:22 in N. H. and 60:40 in N. S. But, the total number and percentage of P. N. is increasing year by year. We have to employ many graduate nurses in future in order to provide better nursing care to patients. Furthermore, an improved recruitment policy and inservice education for nurses and nursing aides should be established.
Fourth, the function of nursing is not clarified. Miscellaneous works which are non-nursing in nature are performed by R. N. in most of clinical units. These worker should arrange to be performed by nursing aides and other personnels, Thus, we have to identify the nursing function as soon as possible. An investigation on all N. H. and N. S. shows that a lot of works being performed by nurses may be transfered to other personnels.

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While breeding of bight-leukemic SL-straine mice, we found out 4 cases of spontaneous double primary neoplasms in female mice.
The first case had breast adenocarcinoma and lymphcytic leukemia. The swollen lymph nodes revealed solid lymph follicles without germinal centers and infiltration of leukemic cells were found in breast tumor.
The other three cases of rnyelogenic leukemia associated with multiple adenoma in lower lobe of right lung (2nd case), adenocarcinoma of both lungs (3rd case) and liver cancer (4th case) with metastasis in retroperitoneal lymph node. In all cases, there are infiltration of leukemic cells in liver, spleen, kidney and the other organs.

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