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Norio SHIMAZONO
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
1-9
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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The studies in the author's laboratory on the synthesis and degradation of L-ascorbic acid in animal tissues are reviewed, together with the related studies done in other laboratories. The biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid proceeds from D-glucuronic acid through L-gulonic acid (or D-glucuronolactone) and L-gulonolactone. The enzymes participating in these reactions are : TPN L-hexonate dehydrogenase, DPN L-gulonate dehydrogenase and lactonase in the soluble fraction of the tissues and L-gulonolactone dehydrogenase in microsomes. In case L-ascorbic acid is formed from D-glucuronolactone in the presence of cyanide, L-gulonolactone is also formed as intermediate, L-Gulonolactone dehydrogenase is lacking in men, monkeys and guinea pigs. The lactonase seems to be identical with D-gluconolactonase. It acts for the formation of lactone ring. It is inhibited by lycorine. Microsomes contain another lactonase which acts on D-glucuronolactone, and its activity increases in the animals treated with Chloretone, barbiturate and antipyrine. 2,3-Diketo-L-gulonic acid is formed from dehydro-L-ascorbic acid by the action of lactonase, and it is decomposed to CO_2,L-lyxonic acid and L-xylonic acid by 2,3-diketoaldonate decarboxylase. Oxalic acid and L-threonic acid are also formed from 2,3-diketo-L-gulonic acid in the tissues, and the reaction is accelerated by the presence of H_2O_2 and inhibited by catalase.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
9-
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
9-
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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Tadashi MOTOYAMA
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
10-13
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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Thiamine anhydride which was obtained by reacting thiamine with benzene sulfonyl chloride in alkaline medium was orally administered to some albino rats. The urine excreted was collected and treated with Amberlite IR-50 (H^+ from), from which the metabolite was eluted with NaOH solution. The metabolite thus obtained was identified with 2-methyl-4-amino-5-aminomethylpyrimidine (I) by paper chromatography. Furthermore the urine excreted from the rabbits to whom thiamine anhyride was orally administered was treated with same procedure and the metabolite was obtained as the picrate. From the results of analysis and IR spectra of the picrate, the metabolite in urine in the oral administration of thiamine anhydride was proved to be I.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
13-
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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Tadashi MOTOYAMA
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
14-18
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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It has been known that cyanothiamine obtained by reacting thiamine with BrCN in alkaline medium is reversed to thiamine by cysteine. In the treating cyanothiamine with cysteine, 95% of cyanothiamine was reversed to thiamine at pH 4-6 and at 37℃ for 1 hour. With Taka-diastase cyanothiamine was not reversed to thiamine but reversed with Grampositive spore forming bacillus contaminating in Taka-diastase. However this fact showed that cystine in media was reduced with this strain to cysteine which took part in this reaction.
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Tadashi MOTOYAMA
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
18-20
Published: September 25, 1961
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As it has been known that cyanothiamine has biological thiamine activity. Cyanothiamine may be thought to reverse to thiamine in the liver. When cyanothiamine was incubated with rat liver slice, about 90% of it was reversed to thiamine and liver homogenate gave the same results. On the other hand about 80% of cyanothiamine added was reversed to thiamine when treated with heated rat liver homogenate. Such results showed that the reversion of cyanothiamine did not depend on enzyme in rat liver but on reduction with SH group of cysteine, glutathione etc. in rat liver.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
20-
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
20-
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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Shinjiro CHIKUBU, Tatsuo TANI
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
21-24
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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The husked rice was stored under low (13℃) and natural temperature conditions from February to December in 1959. Chemical assays of thiamine were carried out on three parts of rice (embryo, bran layer and endosperm), and the distribution of thiamine in embryo was studied by the histochemical method. Decrease of thiamine content in each part during low temperature storage was less than natural temperature storage and was not affected with season. On the other hand, decrease of thiamine content in each part during natural temperature storage was affected with season, namely thiamine contents in embryo and bran layer decreased more than in endosperm from spring to summer. And in all cases, decreased thiamine was almost free thiamine. Regarding to the thiamine distribution in embryo, it was recognized the tendency that the distribution of thiamine became homogeneous during storage. And this tendency was remarkable in natural temperature storage.
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Shinjiro CHIKUBU, Ritsuko TAKAMURA
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
24-26
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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The distribution of thiamine in the seed of several kinds of bean was studied by the histochemical method and chemical assay. In the case of broad bean, Azuki bean, sasage bean and kidney bean, thiamine concentration in embryo was heavier than in cotyledon. But in the case of peanuts and soybean, thiamine concentration in cotyledon was rather heavier than in embryo. On the other hand, in the case of pea, thiamine concentration in embryo was almost the same as in cotyledon. Summing up the above, seven kinds of bean could be classified into three groups.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
26-
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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Chikataro KAWASAKI, Eiichi HIRAOKA, Takamitsu SHIMAMOTO
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
27-32
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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It was confirmed by bioautography that S-benzoyl derivatives of thiamine namely BTMP, SBT and DBT were de-S-benzoylated to change into TMP, thiamine and OBT, respectively, by L-cysteine in MaciasR's medium. BTMP and SBT have effect as much as thiamine on Lactobacillus fermenti 36 in this medium, but if there is no L-cysteine in the medium, these compounds have little thiamine activity. DBT does not affect as thiamine on this organism. BTMP, SBT, DBT and OBT have thiamine activity by autoclaving, even if there is no L-cysteine in the medium.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
32-
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
32-
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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Eiichi HIRAOKA, Takamitsu SHIMAMOTO
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
33-37
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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S-Benzoyl derivative of thiamine such as BTMP is de-S-benzoylated to change into TMP by L-homocysteine or sodium thioglycollate in place of L-cysteine and has thiamine activity on Lactobacillus fermenti 36. It is not so by the reducing agents such as sodium thiosulfate, sodium hydrosulfite or thiourea. The mechanism of de-S-benzoylation of S-benzoyl derivatives of thiamine by SH-compounds is not reduction but translation of benzoyl group into SH-compounds.
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Nobuko IRITANI
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
37-41
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen No. 0305 has an ability of synthesizing thiamine from 4-methyl-5-β-hydroxyethylthiazole (I) and 2-methyl-4-amino-5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine (II) or 2-methyl-4-amino-5-aminomethylpyrimidine (III). This thiamine-synthesizing activity was utilized for the determination of (II) or (III) in biological materials such as urine. Sacch. cerevisiae, preincubated in Reader's medium, was inoculated in the same medium containing the adequate amount of I and the sample ; then it was incubated at 37℃ for 40 hours. Thus synthesized thiamine was determined by the usual thiochrome method after boiling and hydrolysis by Taka-phosphatase. For the simplification and speed-up of the whole procedure, Sacch. cerevisiae was grown in the Reader's medium containing only I, at 25℃ overnight and then each 4ml portion of the whole medium was poured into a tube. It was incubated with an aliquot of the sample at 37℃ for 3 hours and the thiamine formed, could be estimated after boiling without Taka-phosphatase treatment. The dose-response curve of the sample was compared to the standard curve of (II) or (III) ; the value of (II) or (III) in the sample was computed from at least 2 corresponding points. The simplified procedure gave nearly the same results as the one incubating for 40 hours and the values found at the same sample by these procedures coincided fairly well on duplicated estimation.
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Toshio NISHIMURA, Yoshinari OKAMOTO, Junitsu SAITO
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
42-44
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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One of the authors (T.N.) has previously reported that TCA cycle activity in the extrahepatic tissues is accelerated in pregnancy, particularly in its late period. Of course, lipoic acid, a coenzyme of α-keto acid oxidation, has a close relation to the TCA cycle activity, and the succinic dehydrogenase activity is also usually regarded as a sign of TCA cycle activity. We have estimated both the lipoic acid content and the succinic dehydrogenas eactivity of some organs of pregnant and non-pregnant rats of Wistar strain. The results show that there is a correlation between the lipoic acid content and the succinic dehydrogenase activity in each organ. Then lipoic acid (5mg/kg) is injected intraabdominally on pregnant and non-pregnant rats. The succinic dehydrogenase activity shows no significant change in 3 or 24 hours, but when injection is continued for a week, succinic dehydrogenase activity shows some tendency to get accelerated. These results suggest that lipoic acid has a close relation to TCA cycle acceleration in extrahepatic tissues in pregnancy.
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
45-
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
45-46
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
46-
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
46-47
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
47-
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
47-
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
47-
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
47-48
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
48-
Published: September 25, 1961
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
48-49
Published: September 25, 1961
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
49-
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
49-50
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
50-
Published: September 25, 1961
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
50-51
Published: September 25, 1961
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
51-
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
51-
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
51-52
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
52-
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
54-
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
54-
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages
54-
Published: September 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2017
JOURNAL
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