VITAMINS
Online ISSN : 2424-080X
Print ISSN : 0006-386X
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Volume 94, Issue 8
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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  • Recent benefit of Antioxidant vitamins from the viewpoint of dental and mental health
    Koichi Abe
    2020 Volume 94 Issue 8 Pages 431-437
    Published: August 25, 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2021
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.94.8_431
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    Modern life is filled with the stress in the concrete jungle (artificial nature). The stress enters the body through the five senses and triggers the oxidation stress by a complicated course and disturbs the oxidant - antioxidant balance in the body and causes stress diseases such as frailty. Since accelerated oxidative stress decreases antioxidant vitamins level in the blood, some latent deficiencies would be highlighted as the healthy problem. For example, latent scurvy (fatigue, short temper, muscular pain) not leading to the scurvy has been reported. The filling of the inadequate vitamins such as antioxidant vitamins becomes important. This review focuses on the benefits of antioxidants vitamins especially vitamin C and vitamin E to determine "how modern people maintain good health in the modern society?".
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  • Progress of research on ascorbate biosynthesis in plants
    Takahiro Ishikawa
    2020 Volume 94 Issue 8 Pages 438-442
    Published: August 25, 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2021
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.94.8_438
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    Plants contain a large amount of ascorbic acid and also provide the major source of vitamin C in the human diet. Recently, biochemical and molecular genetic evidence identifies biosynthesis from GDP-D-mannose via L-galactose (D-Man/L-Gal pathway or Smirnoff-Wheleer pathway) as an essential pathway of ascorbate in plants. Among genes involved in the D-Man/L-Gal pathway, VTC2 encoding GDP-L-Gal phosphorylase plays a key role in controlling ascorbate biosynthesis in response to light. In addition to the D-Man/L-Gal pathway, evidence for another pathway via D-galacturonate has been obtained from biochemical analyses by a phytoflagellated protozoan, Euglena gracilis , and mature fruits such as strawberry and tomato. Now, fundamental knowledge to understand how plants accumulate a large amount of ascorbate has been provided well.
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  • Investigation on anti-inflammatory action of vitamin C using ODS rats unable to synthesize vitamin C
    Fumihiko Horio, Noe Kawade
    2020 Volume 94 Issue 8 Pages 443-446
    Published: August 25, 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2021
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.94.8_443
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    We have searched for the novel physiological role of vitamin C (ascorbic acid, AsA) using ODS rat, which is a rat mutant unable to synthesize AsA. We found that ODS rats fed an AsA-free diet had increased hepatic expression and the serum concentration of acute phase proteins (APPs) including C-reactive protein. This finding suggested that AsA deficiency caused hepatic inflammatory changes, because APPs are known as the inflammatory biomarker. Subsequently, we showed that AsA deficiency stimulated the hepatic activation (phosphorylation) of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which is a transcription factor inducing the expression of APPs. STAT3 is activated by proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6). Recently, we demonstrated that AsA deficiency elevated IL-6 mRNA level in the intestine and the concentration of IL-6 in portal blood. These results suggest that IL-6 produced in the intestine as a result of AsA deficiency is recruited to the liver via the portal vein, contributing to hepatic STAT3 activation and the elevated expression of APPs. Furthermore, we tried to verify the anti-inflammatory effect of AsA against lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced sepsis using ODS rats. LPS was intraperitoneally injected to ODS rats fed an AsA-free diet, a diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg AsA, or a diet supplemented with 3,000 mg/kg AsA. As a result, the dietary intake of AsA remarkably improved the survival rates of ODS rats with sepsis induced by LPS in a dose-dependent manner and suppressed tissue inflammatory damage in the septic ODS rats.
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  • Ascorbate and iron are required for the differentiation and long-term self-renewal of human iPS cells-derived mesenchymal stem cells
    Yurika Niimura , Yuta Doshida, Koji Fukui, Akihito Ishigami
    2020 Volume 94 Issue 8 Pages 447-449
    Published: August 25, 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2021
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.94.8_447
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  • Cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase is involved in lignin biosynthesis as a 4-coumarate 3-hydroxylase
    Kana Kikuraku, Takanori Maruta
    2020 Volume 94 Issue 8 Pages 450-452
    Published: August 25, 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2021
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.94.8_450
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    2020 Volume 94 Issue 8 Pages 453-455
    Published: 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2021
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.94.8_453
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  • JOURNAL　OF NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE AND VITAMINOLOGY　Vol66，No.3（June，2020）
    2020 Volume 94 Issue 8 Pages 456-460
    Published: August 25, 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2021
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.94.8_456
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