VITAMINS

Online ISSN : 2424-080X
Print ISSN : 0006-386X

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Volume 64, Issue 11

Displaying 1-49 of 49 articles from this issue

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Genetic Analyses of Thiamin Pyrophosphate Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli

Hideo NAKAYAMA

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 619-632
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_619

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A series of reactions catalyzed by six enzymes participating in the terminal stage of TPP formation in Escherichia coli has been examined by mutant analyses as to whether they are involved as true biosynthetic reactions or not. Mutants auxotrophic for intact form of thiamin produced from JC1552, a prototrophic strain for thiamin, include two types : one lacks phosphomethylpyrimidine kinase, and the other lacks thiamin-phosphate pyrophosphorylase. Mutants lacking each of the remaining four enzymes were produced in stepwise fashion from JC1552, via intermediate production of mutants whose metabolic sequence had been blocked prior to the reaction which was expected to block by the second mutation. We found five new genes for which we propose the designations thiD, thiK, thiL, thiM and thiN, each governs the activities of phospomethylpyrimidine kinase, thiamin kinase, thiamin-phosphate kinase, hydroxyethylthiazole kinase, and hydroxymethylpyrimidine kinase, respectively. By conjugation and P1 transduction they were mapped on the chromosome at about 25 min, 9 min, 46 min, 46 min, and in the 46-51 min region, respectively. When the first block had been deleted from the doubly blocked mutants by transduction, mutants carrying one of the thiK, thiM, and thiN mutations became to prototrophic for thiamin, suggesting that the enzymatic defects caused by the second mutations do not appear to be involved in the de novo synthetic pathway for TPP.

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Catalytic Mechanism of Aspartate Aminotransferase

Seiki KURAMITSU

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 633-652
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_633

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Aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) has the essential cofactor, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (a vitamin B_6 derivative) and catalyzes the reversible amino group transfer between L-aspartate and 2-oxoglutarate. The system for studying the catalytic mechanism of AspAT was constructed. The nucleotide sequence of the gene for Escherichia coli AspAT was determined. The amino acid residues in the active site were replaced by site-directed mutagenesis. The wild-type and mutant AspATs were overproduced in the E. coli strain (TY103 ) lacking the gene for AspAT. The three-dimensional structures of the wild-type and mutant AspATs were determined. A stopped-flow method monitoring the absorption change of the coenzyme clarified that the catalytic process (half-transamination reaction) of AspAT consists of the two substrate-binding steps in rapid equilibrium and an intramolecular rate-determining step. In the rate-determining step, Lys258, Tyr70, Tyr225, and Asp222, which exist around the bound coenzyme, played important roles. In the substrate binding, four interesting phenomena were observed. (1) Arg is essential for recognizing the carboxyl group of the substrate. Lys cannot substitute for Arg. (2) When Arg292 was replaced by Val or Leu, the substrate specificity of AspAT was changed from acidic to neutral substrates. (3) The active site of AspAT is hydrophobic. (4) AspAT has two pockets for accomodating the side chain of a substrate, one for acidic substrate (Asp, Glu), and the other for hydrophobic substrate.

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Microbiological Assay of Biotin, Nicotinamide and Pantothenic acid Using Microplate

Hidetoshi EGUCHI, Koji NASHIMT, Jun-ichi SATH, Ryuichi KAWAHARA, Akira ...

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 653-658
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_653

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In order to simplify the microbiological assay of vitamins (biotin, nicotinamide; NiA-NH_2 and pantothenic acid ; PaA), a modified method using microplate was studied. It was found that the growth responses to biotin, NiA-NH_2 and PaA of Lacto-bacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 were remarkably affected by addition of carbon dioxide (CO_2) to incubation chamber. Under suitable CO_2 condition, the stable and satisfactory results were obtained. When these vitamin contents in a vitamin mixture and human blood were determined by this method, these values were agreed well to those obtained by the conventional microbiological assay method. Concerning with biotin, the correlation coefficient between the values obtained by the two methods was 0.99258. Possibility for practical use of this new microbiological assay method was suggested.

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The Effects of The Administration of Cellulose,Palatinose or Paatinose Condensates on Vitamin B_1 Concentrations in Tissues of Rats

Jun KASHIMURA, Mieko KlMURA, S.M. Ahmed, Hisao KND, Katsuhiko YKI, Koj ...

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 659-663
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_659

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In the present study we investigated the effects of the administration of cellulose (Experiment I), palatinose or its condensates (Experiment II) on vitamin B_1 concentrations in whole blood, liver, kidney and brain of rats. Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (Experiment I) or 5 groups (Experiment II) and following diets and double distilled water were given ad libitum for 2 weeks : Experiment I - Control (38.3% sucrose), 10% cellulose, 20% cellulose. Experiment II-Control (38.3% sucrose), 10% palatinose, 20% palatinose, 10% palatinose condensates, 20% palatinose condensates. The B_1 concentrations of tissues were measured by thiochrome flourescence method. The B_1 concentrations in whole blood were significantly decreased by the intake of cellulose, but in other tissues there was no significant difference between the value of control and that of test group. On the other hand, by the intake of palatinose or palatinose condensates, no remarkable change of B_1 concentrations in tissues examined was observed.

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 665-668
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_665

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 669-
Published: November 25, 1990
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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_669_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 669-670
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_669_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 670-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_670_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 670-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_670_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 670-671
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_670_3

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 671-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_671_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 671-672
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_671_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 672-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_672_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 672-673
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_672_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 673-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_673_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 673-674
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_673_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 674-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_674_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 674-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_674_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 675-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_675_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 675-676
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_675_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 676-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_676_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 676-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_676_2

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Role of Oxidized LDL in Atherosclerosis

J.L. Witztum

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 677-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_677_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 677-678
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_677_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 678-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_678_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 678-679
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_678_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 679-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_679_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 679-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_679_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 680-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_680_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 680-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_680_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 681-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_681_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 681-682
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_681_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 682-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_682_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], D. Kaempf, [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], ...

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 682-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_682_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 683-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_683_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 683-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_683_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 684-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_684_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 684-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_684_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 684-685
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_684_3

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 685-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_685

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 686-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_686_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 686-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_686_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 687-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_687_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 687-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_687_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 688-
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_688

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 689-690
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_689

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 690-692
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_690

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 692-694
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_692

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 694-695
Published: November 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.64.11_694

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