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Volume 86, Issue 1
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Seiji Kojima, Yoshiyuki KamioArticle type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 1 Pages 1-12
Published: January 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPolyamine is a small organic-polycation exists in all living organism, being implicated in wide variety of biological reaction, and is essential for proper growth of the organisms. It generally exists as free form but in Selenomonas ruminantium, an strictly anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium, cadaverine (NH_3^+・(CH_2)_5・NH_3^+) covalently links to peptidoglycan as a pivotal constituent for maintaining the envelope integrity through the interaction with outer membrane protein Mep45. Cytoplasmic biosynthesis of cadaverine occurs totally in a eukaryotic-like manner rather than in a conventional way of bacteria. Lysine/ornithine decarboxylase (LDC/ODC), a pyridoxal-5' -phosphate (Vitamin B_6)-dependent enzyme responsible for cadaverine synthesis, displays significant homology to eukaryotic ODC but not to the bacterial LDC. Its activity is tightly regulated by the antizyme-mediated proteolysis, a regulatory process generally found in eukaryotes. These findings represent the biological diversity of this bacterium beyond the pre-exist knowledge related to the polyamine-physiology, cell envelope-architecture, and the regulatory system for the enzyme.View full abstractDownload PDF (1796K) -
Mitsuaki Mori, Takashi Hishiyama, Kaname Kodaka, Takashi UjiieArticle type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 1 Pages 13-20
Published: January 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe current situations and problems of vitamin assay for mainly clinical samples were projected and issued in this journal (Vitamins), Vol.85, (3), (5), (6), (7) and (9), and the difference of methods, standardization, standards, certified reference materials and reference values were discussed in the issues. We summarized main four original methods used for analysis of food and mentioned validation of their methods reported so far to confirm whether their methods are established properly. In order to verify whether these methods being used presently are proper, we examined reproducibility within laboratory tests, spike tests and proficiency tests and showed their results. The repeatability was less than 7.7 %, the recovery of spike tests was 94 to 121 % and the Z-score of proficiency tests was -0.9 to 1.2. Therefore, these results allow us to conclude that these methods are proper for analyses of vitamins in food.View full abstractDownload PDF (758K) -
Naoki Harada, Ryoichi Yamaji, Yoshihisa Nakano, Hiroshi InuiArticle type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 1 Pages 21-23
Published: January 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (317K) -
Susumu Itoh, Kenichi Isobe, Takashi Kusaka, Hitoshi Okada, Takashi Iwa ...Article type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 1 Pages 24-27
Published: January 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe vitamin K one-day given dose to a neonate in mother's milk is about 10 - 20 percent of artificial milk in 13% tone milk. Hind milk with many fat contents mostly contained Vitamin K. Vitamin K concentration of the neonate on 19-40 day of life after birth was the lowest value in an exclusively breastfeeding. Vitamin K concentration in the blood in which a bleeding tendency is shown was not able to be determined. The human liver epoxidase activity showed a high value in the fetus and decreased after birth. On the other hand, the activities of vitamin K-2, 3-eposidase and vitamin K reductase showed a significantly low value in the fetus and the early neonatal period. Single dose vitamin K prophylaxis at birth was inadequate for prevention of VKDB. The proper prevention method of VKDB in fetus, early neonates and infants needs to be established.View full abstractDownload PDF (467K) -
Keiichi OzonoArticle type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 1 Pages 28-31
Published: January 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVitamin D-deficiency remains as health and nutritional problems both in developed and developing countries. Vitamin D is essential for bone development and homeostasis of calcium metabolism. Thus, vitamin D-deficiency results in rickets and/or hypocalcemia in children. Vitamin D should be activated by hydroxylation at 2 sites of the vitamin, i.e., 1 and 25 positions of carbons, which occurs in the liver and kidney. The formed 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is the active metabolite. The intermediate metabolite is 25-hydorxyvitamin D (25OHD) and its serum concentration reflects the accumulation of vitamin D in the whole body. Therefore, a low level of 25OHD, which is less than 20 ng/ml, indicates vitamin D-deficiency. To prevent vitamin D-deficiency, it is important to eat food such as fish, egg and mushroom (shii-take) containing rather much vitamin D together with calcium. However, fortified milk or juice is recommended in U.S.A. because it is hard to take enough vitamin D from natural foods. Vitamin D-deficiency remains as health and nutritional problems both in developed and developing countries. Vitamin D is essential for bone development and homeostasis of calcium metabolism. Thus, vitamin D-deficiency results in rickets and/or hypocalcemia in children. Vitamin D should be activated by hydroxylation at 2 sites of the vitamin, i.e., 1 and 25 positions of carbons, which occurs in the liver and kidney. The formed 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is the active metabolite. The intermediate metabolite is 25-hydorxyvitamin D (25OHD) and its serum concentration reflects the accumulation of vitamin D in the whole body. Therefore, a low blood level of 25OHD, which is less than 20 ng/mL, indicates vitamin D deficiency. To prevent vitamin D-deficiency, it is important to eat food such as fish, egg and mushroom (shii-take) which contain a considerably much amount of vitamin D together with calcium. However, fortified milk or juice is recommended in U.S.A. because it is hard to take enough vitamin D from natural foods.View full abstractDownload PDF (602K) -
Seiji Yamaguchi, Yuki Hasegawa, Yuichi Mushimoto, Hironori Kobayashi, ...Article type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 1 Pages 32-36
Published: January 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is considered that dietary vitamin deficiencies are very rare nowadays. However, we have recently found 8 children with thiamine deficiency (beriberi), and 14 cases of multiple carboxylase deficiency because of dietary biotin deficit. The children with "beriberi", ranging from 1y0m to 2y6m of age, had had an excess volume (1 to 3 L/day) of soft drinks that contain a large amount of carbohydrate, and showed an increase in lactic acid, pyruvic acid, branched-chain 2-ketoacids, and 2-ketoglutaric acid excretion by urinary organic acid analysis using GC/MS. On the other hand, children with "multiple carboxylase deficiency" had been treated with special formula for allergy, which contained only 1/4 biotin compared to breast milk. These vitamin deficiencies are caused under the modern life style, not by malnutrition that used to be observed in the past. Therefore, attention should be paid for these disorders. It is considered that dietary vitamin deficiencies are very rare nowadays. Recently, however, we have found 8 children with thiamine deficiency (beriberi) and 14 cases of multiple carboxylase deficiency induced by dietary biotin deficiency. The children with "beriberi", ranging from one year and 0 month to 2 years and 6 months of age, who had taken an excess volume (1 to 3 L/day) of soft drinks containing a large amount of carbohydrate, showed increased urinary excretion of lactic acid, pyruvic acid, branched-chain 2-ketoacids, and 2-ketoglutaric acid when urinary organic acid analysis was conducted using GC/MS. On the other hand, children with "multiple carboxylase deficiency" had been treated with the special formula containing only 1/4 of the biotin content in breast milk for allergy. These vitamin deficiencies occur through the modern life style, but not through malnutrition observed in the past. Therefore, attention should be paid on these disorders.View full abstractDownload PDF (490K) -
Masaki TakayanagiArticle type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 1 Pages 37-40
Published: January 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVitamin deficiency is considered as disappeared disease now. However, vitamin deficiency caused by inborn errors of vitamin metabolism is now become clinical program. There are many patients with new types of vitamin deficiency caused by nutritional ignorance and religiose impression who can be found in pediatric clinic. The present reports has been described about inborn errors of vitamin metabolism and new types of vitamin deficiency as to carnitine, biotin, and cobalamin in pediatric medicine.View full abstractDownload PDF (470K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 1 Pages 41-
Published: January 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (161K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...Article type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 1 Pages 42-
Published: January 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (205K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...Article type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 1 Pages 42-43
Published: January 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (352K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 1 Pages 43-44
Published: January 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (351K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 1 Pages 44-
Published: January 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (202K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2012 Volume 86 Issue 1 Pages 44-45
Published: January 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (250K)
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