VITAMINS
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Print ISSN : 0006-386X
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Volume 38, Issue 5
Displaying 1-20 of 20 articles from this issue
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  • THE FORMS OF CORRINOIDS IN THE METHANE FERMENTATION PRODUCTS OF DISTILLERS' WASTES : (II) INVESTIGATION ON THE SLUDGES FROM AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
    Hideki NARAHARA, Tadashi KAMIKUBO
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 331-333
    Published: November 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.5_331
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    This paper deals with investigation on the forms of corrinoids in the anaerobic as well as aerobic fermentation products of distillers' wastes in one of the distilleries of Yomeishu Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Contrary to our expectation, majority (72%) of total corrinoids in the digested products was cobalamin and factor III (9%) second to it, while in the aerobic products factor III (48%) was predominant and cobalamin (40%) second to it with a small difference. All of the corrinoids are supposed to be present in the so-called coenzyme forms in the fermented products.
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  • STUDIES ON THE ABSORPTION OF S-BENZOYLTHIAMINE O-MONOPHOSPHATE : (IV) ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC AUTORADIOGRAPHY ON THE INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF S-BENZOYLTHIAMINE-^3H O-MONOPHOSPHATE IN RAT
    Binchi MIZUHIRA, Kazuko UCHIDA, Jun-ichi TOTSU, Hideyo SHINDO
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 334-346
    Published: November 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.5_334
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    The site of dephosphorylation of S-benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate (BTMP) was detected cytochemically by electron microscopy. At pH 9.0,incubation of intestinal tissue of mouse with BTMP at 5℃ for 5 minutes revealed that the phosphatase reaction is predominant at the outer surface of unit-membrane structure of the microvilli. The absorption mechanism of BTMP was further demonstrated by electronmicroscopic autoradiography. Using hydrogen platinum chloride as a precipitating reagent for thiamine compounds in tissue, it was shown that electron-dense precipitates of the Pt-salts of thiamine and S-benzoylthiamine and the developed silver grains appear only inside the membrane of microvilli, on the core of microvilli, in cytoplasm and mitochondria, on the membrane of Golgi apparatus and rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, in nucleus, basement membrane, endothelial cell of blood capillary and red blood cells, indicating the main pathway of the intestinal absorption of BTMP. The fact that the developed silver grains appear only inside the membrane of microvilli agrees with the fact that dephosphorylation of BTMP occurs only outside the membrane, since BTMP does not form insoluble precipitates with hydrogen platinum chloride.
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  • STUDIES ON THE ABSORPTION OF S-BENZOYLTHIAMINE O-MONOPHOSPHATE : (V) DISTRIBUTION OF S-BENZOYLTHIAMINE O-MONOPHOSPHATE-^<35>S IN MOUSE BY WHOLE BODY AUTORADIOGRAPHY
    Eiichi NAKAJIMA, Kimihiko NAMBU, Hideyo SHINDO, Soshichi NAGAO, Hideo ...
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 347-358
    Published: November 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.5_347
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    The comparative study of the distribution of orally administered S-benzoylthiamin O-monophosphate-^<35>S (BTMP-^<35>S) and thiamine-^<35>S (B_1-^<35>S) at various times has been carried out by means of whole body autoradiography in adult mice and liquid scintillation countig in rats. The results revealed that the uptake of ^<35>S after the administration of BTMP-^<35>S was more rapid in various organs than that after the administration of B_1-^<35>S and higher levels of the radioactivity continued for a longer time in the case of the former than the latter. The difference was pronounced in particular in brain and muscles such as cardiac muscle or diaphragm, where the radioactivity remained for more than 92 hours after the administration. Paper chromatogram of the brain and heart extracts at 24 hours after the administration of BTMP-^<35>S showed the highest activity in thiamine diphosphate. The whole body autoradiographic method was applied for brain and heart removed from rabbit after the administration of BTMP-^<35>S and revealed the localization of radioactivity in gray matter rather than white matter in brain and an even distribution of radioactivity in cardiac muscle fibre.
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  • EXAMINATIONS ON THE ANALYSIS OF LIPOPEROXIDES IN SERUM
    Ikuo NISHIGAKI, Takayuki OZAWA, Kunio YAGI
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 359-368
    Published: November 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.5_359
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    Lipids were extracted from human serum with chloroform・methanol mixture (2 : 1,v/v). With this lipids, usual TBA reaction was carried out, and the resulting pigment revealed the absorption spectrum identical with that of malondialdehyde and TBA. The peak of the absorption spectrum was found at 532mμ. From these results, it is concluded that the TBA-positive substance in human serum is due to the lipids in the serum. Among the serum lipids separated by thin layer chromatography, triglycerides, cholesterol esters and phospholipids were found to be TBA-positive, while free fatty acids were TBA-negative. The lipids in sera of diabetic patients and of pregnant women showed high level of TBA value.
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  • THE GROWTH-STIMULATING ACTIVITY OF THIAMINE DERIVATIVES ON THIAMINE-REQUIRING MICROORGANISMS : (XVII) GROWTH AND THIAMINE CONTENTS OF LACTOBACILLUS FERMENTI IN THE BROTH CONTAINIG THIAMINE PROPYLDISULFIDE OR THIAMINE
    Chikataro KAWASAKI, Tomio ICHIKAWA
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 369-375
    Published: November 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.5_369
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    L. fermenti 36,when incubated with thiamine or TPD (thiamine propyldisulfide) in MaciasR broth containing cysteine, showed better growth-response to TPD than to thiamine at suboptimal concentrations. Thiamine contents of cells of lactobacilli were very low and getting higher on addition of surplus thiamine, but the thiamine added was found chiefly in the broth ; no significant difference of thiamine contents of cells between TPD and thiamine was found in any stage of the growth. Thiamine can penetrate into cells only when lactobacilli were preincubated in thiamine-deficient broth. Although thiamine in cells as its diphosphate, was proved to be decisive of the growth, TPD in the broth had no effect to elevate thiamine content of cells higher than that of cells in the broth containing equivalent thiamine. Better growth response to TPD shall be elucidated in the papers published later.
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  • THE GROWTH-STIMULATING ACTIVITY OF THIAMINE DERIVATIVES ON THIAMINE-REQUIRING MICROORGANISMS : (XVIII) RELATION BETWEEN GROWTH-RESPONSE OF LACTOBACILLUS FERMENTI TO THIAMINE PROPYLDISUFIDE AND COMPONENTS OF THE BROTH
    Chikataro KAWASAKI, Tomio ICHIKAWA
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 376-382
    Published: November 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.5_376
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    TPD (thiamine propyldisulfide) in the broth containing a mixture of amino acids instead of casamino acids, was shown to have better growth-response on L. fermenti than thiamine-HCl. When TPD or thiamine was preincubated with each amino acid of the broth and cysteine for 6 hours and then rests of amino acids and other components were added, TPD was proved to have better growth-responsse on L. fermenti than thiamine only in preincubation with arginine, glutamic acid, histidine, phenylalanine or proline. Among components other than amino acids, glucose, xylose, riboflavin, nicotinic acid or pantothenate in preincubation with TPD and cysteine was shown to be more effective than thiamine-HCl for the growth of L. fermenti. TPD with cysteine alone in preicubation, however, showed to have equal growth-response to thiamine-HCl. Preincubation of TPD, cysteine and some components of the broth is necessary for better growth-response of lactobacilli which might have accelerated by reduced thiamine by cysteine and some components in the broth.
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  • THE GROWTH-STIMULATING ACTIVITY OF THIAMINE DERIVATIVES ON THIAMINE-REQUIRING MICROORGANISMS : (XIX) RIBOSE-5-PHOSPHATE DEGRADATING ACTIVITY OF LACTOBACILLUS FERMENTI PREINCUBATED WITH THIAMINE OR THIAMINE PROPYLDISULFIDE
    Tomio ICHIKAWA
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 383-387
    Published: November 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.5_383
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    The cell free extracts from L. fermenti was proved to metabolize ribose-5-phosphate quickly on incubation and no formation of hexose was demonstrated. Addition of thiamine diphosphate accelerated the degradation of ribose-5-phosphate ; this suggested that lactobacilli has the enzyme-system connected with thiamine diphosphate as coenzyme in the hexcse phosphate pathway. L. fermenti, preincubated with TPD (thiamine propyldisulfide), cysteine and other effective components of the broth, was demonstrated to contain the strongest enzymatic activity of metabolizing ribose-5-phosphate per mg protein of its cell free extracts in comparison with lactobacilli preincubated with or without thiamine in control experiments. Addition of TDP to the cell free extracts in all the cases was effective to accelerate the reaction, especially for lactobacilli preincubated with TPD. Lactobacilli, preincubated with TPD, cysteine and other effective components of the broth, was proved to be superior to those, preincubated with thiamine in its growth on incubation of the washed cells with MaciasR broth containing no thiamine.
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  • EPOXYCAROTENOIDS : (XVII) THE STRUCTURE OF NEOXANTHIN : (2) ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEOXANTHINS
    Kiyoshi TSUKIDA, Miya YOKOTA, Hisayo SHIMAMOTO, Shukuchin CHO
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 388-395
    Published: November 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.5_388
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    Stereoisomeric neoxanthins A-H were isolated from spinach leaves and Chlorella ellipsoidea and some members of the neoxanthin set were recognized as genuine components in nature. Extraction with acetone or methanol, treatment with 12% KOH in methanol, chromatographic resolution on a lime column developed with 10% acetone in benzene, and fractional crystallization gave crystals of neoxanthins A, C, D, and E. Considering the ultraviolet, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometric characteristics and other features, neoxanthin E could well represent an all-trans form while a peripheral unhindered mono-cis configuration was assigned to neoxanthin A, C or D. Neoxanthin G or H, possibly an artefact produced during isolation, would possess a next-to-central unhindered cis form.
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  • EPOXYCAROTENOIDS : (XVIII) THE STRUCTURE OF NEOXANTHIN : (3) NEOXANTHIN C
    Kiyoshi TSUKIDA, Miya YOKOTA
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 396-401
    Published: November 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.5_396
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    The structure of neoxanthin C isolated from spinach leaves was discussed on chemical, UV, IR, NMR, and mass spectrometric data. Neoxanthin C is a peripheral unhindered monocis form of the neoxanthin set and the gross structure of "neoxanthin" proposed by Weedon and Chichester et al. was strongly supported.
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  • EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON BEHAVIOUR OF SERUM FAT IN THE CIRCULATING BLOOD IN THE EARLY STAGE AFTER ANTIGEN INVASION, IN RABBIT : (I) ON MOBILIZATION OF LIPID INTO THE CIRCULATING BLOOD
    Kazuaki FUJIMOTO
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 402-407
    Published: November 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.5_402
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    In the present paper, it was made to clear of the behaviors of total lipid (TL) and triglyceride (TG) in serum and their composed fatty acids provoked in early stages after primary sensitization of typhoid-paratyphoid vaccine (TPV), in rabbits, and the results obtained were as follows : (1) During several hours after the primary sensitization of TPV, both TL and TG in serum and their composed fatty acids in quantity decreased remarkably in the circulation, i.e. it will be coincided with a negative phase in vital response introduced by stress of antigen invasion, universally. And also, it may be considered that the remarkable mobilization of serum lipid in the circulation 24 hours later after the TPV invasion was provoked in compensation for the negative phase. (2) The secondary response increased abruptly TL and TG without the provocation of negative phase in early stage. (3) The main composed fatty acids, i.e. palmitic acid (P), oleic acid (O) and linoleic acid (L), etc. increased remarkably with comparision to their values in normal rabbits the ratio of P/L value increased and L/O value decreased in the percentage of fatty acids in serum, respectively.
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  • EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF SERUM FAT IN THE CIRCULATING BLOOD IN THE EARLY STAGE AFTER ANTIGEN INVASION, IN RABBIT : (II) ON THE CENTRAL REGULATION TO SERUM LIPIDS
    Kazuaki FUJIMOTO
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 408-414
    Published: November 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.5_408
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    As described in the previous paper, the early negative phase as regards to the behaviors of TL, TG and their composed fatty acids by TPV invasion was a characteristic response in rabbit, so the mechanism was determined and the results obtained were as follows : (1) The characteristic negative phase did not be provoked in rabbits amputated the cervical region of spinal cord (between C_4 and C_5) in spite of TPV invasion. (2) After TPV invasion, it was observed that the mobilization of lipid into the circulation was under the control of autonomic nerve center and the mobilizing factor was adrenalin. Such an action can hardly be observed on biotin. (3) Lipase and esterase which related decomposition of fat had no influences in the mobilization of lipid into the circulation and especially, esterase decreased timely in activity.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 415-
    Published: November 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.5_415_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 415-416
    Published: November 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.5_415_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 416-
    Published: November 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.5_416_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 416-
    Published: November 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.5_416_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 416-417
    Published: November 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.5_416_3
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 417-418
    Published: November 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.5_417
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 419-
    Published: November 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.5_419_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 419-420
    Published: November 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.5_419_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 420-
    Published: November 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.5_420_1
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