VITAMINS

Experimental Studies on the Effects of Ethanol on Thiamin Metabolism and Central Nervous System

Toshiki INOKUCHI

Article type: Article
1979 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 481-492
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.53.12_481

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The effects of ethanol and thiamin deficiency on the central nervous system was studied by applying a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet. For a subacute experiment, Wistar male rats were divided into four groups: 1) fed on a control diet, 2) on an ethanol-containing diet, 3) on a thiamin deficient diet and 4) on a thiamin deficient and ethanol-containing diet. They were fed for 35 days. The former 3 groups were pair-fed with the forth one. For a chronic experiment, group 4 was supplemented with a minimal amount of thiamin and was fed for 75 days (group 5). Another group, fed on ethanol-containing diet, was fed ad lib for 135 days (group 6). Thiamin contents and transketolase activities (TKA) of the brain and liver, and blood alcohol levels were determined. Histopathological studies were performed on the vestibular nucleus, cerebellum and striatum with a light-and electron microscopies. Thiamin contents of liver and brain were not affected significantly by ethanol, group 3 being the lowest. Liver TKA was the lowest in group 4, although group 3 had the highest thiamin pyrophosphate effect. Histological studies disclosed a bilateral diapedesis and status spongiosus of the neuropile in the vestibular nucleus of group 3. Quite similar lesions were also seen in the cerebellum and striatum of group 4, 5 and 6. Degenerative changes in Purkinje cells and Bergmann glia were remarkable in group 4 and 5. Glial cell changes in the striatum were remarkable in group 6. From the above results, it was assumed that there was no obvious correlation between tissue thiamin levels and the susceptibility of certain parts of the neuraxis to the thiamin deprevation. The vestibular nucleus seemed to be an area highly sensitive to thiamin deficiency. Cerebellar lesions could be caused merely by a chronic ethanol administration, which is accelerated by thiamin deficiency. It is quite possible that the striatal lesions are the metabolic disorders resulting from ethanol or the metabolic products of ethanol oxidation.

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Thiamin Metabolism in Chromic Alcoholics

Toshiki INOKUCHI

Article type: Article
1979 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 493-498
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.53.12_493

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Fifty chronic alcoholics (25 with and 25 without obvious liver damage) and 20 healthy controls were selected to study the effect of alcohol on thiamin metabolism .Serum transaminase activities were used to detect liver damages. None of the patients had either Wernicke's encephalopathy or beriberi. The results were ad follows: (1) The blood thiamin levels of many of the alcoholics were within the lower limit ofn ormal range. However, the hemolysate transketolase activity (TKA) of 56% of the patients was significantly lower than normal (less than 700μg/ml/h). (2) The TKA of alcoholics who had liver damage was significantly lower than that of alcoholics who had no obvious liver damage (p<0.01). The number of alcoholics who showed high TPP effect was greater in the patients with liver damage than those who had no obvious liver damage. (3) In 28 patients who had low TKA, there were 6 who showed no thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) effect. (4) In these patients, no obvious correlation was seen between blood thiamin level and TKA or TPP effect. The above results suggest that many of the alcoholics have marginal thiamin deficiency which is detectable by measuring TKA and TPP effect. Among these patients, there were some whose reduced TKA seems to be the results of deficiency in its apoenzyme.

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Vitamin B_1 Deficiency in the Children with Cerebral Palsy

Takashi UEMURA, Ryosuke MURATA, Masaki HAYASHI, Kunio FUJII, Makoto MI ...

Article type: Article
1979 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 499-504
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.53.12_499

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Vitamin B_1 deficiency was found in a case of cerebral palsy, 5 years old male, who was malnourished and characterized by edema in the legs and large heart shadow in X-ray examination. The laboratory finding showed a low thiamin level in the whole blood and high lactate and pyruvate levels in the plasma. From this finding of the case, a study on further estimation of vitamin B_1 deficiency was undertaken in the children with severe cerebral palsy (C.P. group; 13 cases), as compared to the control children (20 cases). 1) A decreased thiamin level in the whole blood and a lower activity of transketolase in the hemolysate was observed in the C.P. group, as compared to the control group. (P<0.05) 2) The thiamin pyrophosphate effect and plasma pyruvate and lactate levels were significantly higher in the C.P. group than in the control group. (P<0.05) 3) There were found two cases of latent vitamin B_1 deficiency in the C.P. group, while no cases in the control group. From this finding of a high incidence of vitamin B_1 deficiency in the severe cerebral palsy children, an active attention to adequate dietary intake of vitamin B_1 should be required in such patients.

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Influence of Thiamine Deficiency on Central Nervous System

Tsuneo HANYU, Naotaka HASHIZUME

Article type: Article
1979 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 505-512
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.53.12_505

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In order to elucidate the effect of thiamine on the central nervous system, thiamine deficient rats with evidences of Wernicke's encephalopathy were made. The rats were divided into the following four groups: (1) the rats fed thiamine deficient diet, (2) the rats as same as group (1) receiving thiamine injection for two days at the end of the feeding, (3) the rats fed a control diet ad libitum, and (4) the pair fed rats. Histological studies of the brains of each group were made with a light-and electronmicroscope. Thiamine concentrations in the cerebrum, brain stem and cerebellum were also measured by a thiochrome procedure. In the thiamine deficient rats (group (1)), microhemorrhages and alterations in the neural elements, particularly in the vestibular nuclei, were noted. These changes were analogous to those of Wernicke's encephalopathy seen in human. Depletion of thiamine concentration in the brain tissue was also prominent in this group. However, a short term administration of thiamine was associated with a considerable repairing of these lesions, and an increase in tissue thiamine.

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Effect of Vitamin B_1, B_6 and B_<12> on the Sciatic Nerve in Alloxan Diabetic Rats

Naohisa FUKUDA, Hitoshi IKEDA, Akio SHINO, Hisashi IWATSUKA, Yuji NAGA ...

Article type: Article
1979 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 513-521
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.53.12_513

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In alloxan diabetic rats, reduction of motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and morphological changes, such as slight atrophy of Schwann cells and disintegration of myelin sheath, of the sciatic nerves were observed 6 and 10 seeks, respectively, after alloxan administration. The functional morphological abnormalities appeared to be exaggerated when the diabetic rats were kept on restricted intake of vitamin B_1, B_6 and B_<12> for 9 weeks beginning one week after alloxan administration. When thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD) (2mg/kg/day), pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) (2mg/kg/day) and hydroxycobalamin (OH-B_<12>) (40μg/kg/day) were intraperitoneally injected to the diabetic rats for 5 weeks beginning one week after alloxan, MNCV of the nerve was comparable to that of non-diabetic rats. When the same treatment was performed on the diabetic rats for 4 weeks beginning 6 weeks after alloxan administration, the functional and morphological abnormalities of the nerve were markedly reduced. On the basis of these results, it appears that the nerve dysfunction of alloxan diabetic rats can be influenced by vitamin B intake. Furthermore, TTFD, PLP and OH-B_<12> appear to have favourable effects on the nerve dysfunction associated with diabetes.

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Potentiating Effect of Vitamin B_6 and B_<12> on the Ameliorative Action of Vitamin B_1 on Diabetic Disorders of the Sciatic Nerve in the Rat

Hitoshi IKEDA, Naohisa FUKUDA, Akio SHINO, Hisashi IWATSUKA, Yuji NAGA ...

Article type: Article
1979 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 523-529
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.53.12_523

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The effect of daily administration of vitamin B derivatives on the sciatic nerve of alloxan diabetic rats was examined. Diabetic rats were kept on restricted intake of vitamin B_1, B_6 and B_<12> for 5 weeks beginning one week after alloxan administration and then received intraperitoneal injection of vitamin B derivatives for 4 weeks. The diabetic rats without vitamin B derivative administration showed decreased motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), slight atrophy of Schwann cells and disintegration of myelin sheath of the sciatic nerves. Administration of thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD) (2mg/kg/day), pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) (2mg/kg/day) and hydroxycobalamin (OH-B_<12>) (40μg/kg/day) to the diabetic rats resulted in normalization of the function and structure of the nerve. Neither PLP nor OH-B_<12> had an effect on the function and structure of the nerve. Administration of TTFD alone at doses higher than 35.9μg/kg/day ameliorated the function, but not the structure of the sciatic nerve. However, when injected with PLP and OH-B_<12>, subeffective doses of TTFD (8.97 and 17.95μg/kg/day) had the ameliorative effect on the nerve function .These results suggest that TTFD has ameliorative effects potentiated by PLP and OH-B_<12> on the sciatic nerve of alloxan diabetic rats.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1979 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 531-
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.53.12_531

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1979 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 532-
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.53.12_532

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Lipidperoxidation Connected with Vitamins in Microsomes

Yo IMAI

Article type: Article
1979 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 533-541
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.53.12_533

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The Role of Lipid Peroxide on the Development of Photosensitive Syndrome by Pheophorbide and the Preventive Effects of some Vitamins

Shuichi KIMURA, Akihiko ISOBE, Toshiaki SAI

Article type: Article
1979 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 543-548
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.53.12_543

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Lipid Peroxidation in the Model Membrane Systems and Vitamin E

Kenji FUKUZAWA

Article type: Article
1979 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 549-556
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.53.12_549

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Changes in Liver Lipoperoxide of the Vitamin B_2-Deficient Rats

Shigeru ONO, Susumu HAMAJIMA, Kijuro OBARA

Article type: Article
1979 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 557-562
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.53.12_557

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Relationship between Administration of Lipid Peroxide and Vitamin

Nobuko OISHI

Article type: Article
1979 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 563-567
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.53.12_563

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Effect of Vitamin to the Mitochondrial Disorders Induced by Lipid Peroxide Formation (Adriamycin)

Ryohei OGURA, Hiroyuki TOYAMA, Tukasa KATSUKI

Article type: Article
1979 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 569-576
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.53.12_569

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Skin Damage and its Prevention from Lipoperoxide

Takayoshi TANAKA

Article type: Article
1979 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 577-586
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.53.12_577

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Effect of Vitamin B_2 Butylate on an Experimental Alcohol Liver Damage

Toshihiko SUEMATSU, Hiroshi ABE

Article type: Article
1979 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 587-591
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.53.12_587

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1979 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 593-595
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.53.12_593

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1979 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 595-597
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.53.12_595

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1979 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 597-598
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.53.12_597

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1979 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 598-599
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.53.12_598

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1979 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 599-601
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.53.12_599

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1979 Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages Cover2-
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.53.12_Cover2

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