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Yasuo MASE
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
1-9
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
9-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
9-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
9-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Akira YAMADA
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
10-14
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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A large number of experiments has been reported about the factors of urinary excretion of thiamine. Phloxine, a food color, was recognized as one of these factors by this experiment on rats. By statistic estimations the urinary excretion of thiamine was revealed to be about two fold higher in the administration of phloxine than without it. The results were similar in loading thiamine or not to the diet.
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Akira YAMADA
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
14-16
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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It was found that the thiamine concentration in organs of the rat administered with phloxine was higher in the liver and kidney and lower in the lung, heart and brain, compared with those in the rat without phloxine in this study. But free thiamine was low in all organs, especially in the kidney.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
16-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
16-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Choten INAGAKI, Hiroyasu FUKUBA
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
17-19
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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When frozen bean-curd pressed for dehydration, was dipped into solutions containing various amounts of thiamine or its derivatives, about 80-90% of the vitamin disappeared in the solutions almost instantly. It was ascertained that this phenomenon was not due to changes of thiamine to some other derivative negative for thiochrome reaction, but due to the adsorption of thiamine by bean-curd.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
19-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Hiroyasu FUKUBA, Takako MIYAKAWA, Choten INAGAKI
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
20-22
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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The recovery for the thiamine adsorbed on frozen bean-curd was very low with the usual determination procedure. This recovery could be raised by the use of proteinase for this determination. From this, it was assumed that the thiamine adsorbed on bean-curd would be combined with protein, and could not be extracted completely with 1N HCl.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
22-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
22-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Hiroyasu FUKUBA, Shohko IWATA, Choten INAGAKI
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
23-26
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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The mechanism of the adsorption of thiamine with protein was further investigated. This reaction would occur as the one of the liquid-solid phase adsorption, and so the protein concerned in this reaction must have the solid phase, either by higher molecular weight like as globulin or by denaturation like as denaturated albumin. The treatment with p-chloromercuribenzoate showed no effect on this reaction, while that with hydroxylamine had an inhibitory action. From these results it is assumed that this adsorption would occur between the vitamin and the carbonyl groups of protein.
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Nobuo FUJITA
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
27-44
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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The present study was undertaken in an attempt to estimate the interrelationship between riboflavin content of liver, bile and blood under some pathological conditions. Following intravenous administration of riboflavin, lower liver and bile riboflavin levels were observed in gastric cancer than in others without hepatic disturbances, thereby hepatic FAD fraction rather decreased and blood riboflavin level in mesenteric and peripheral veins increased only slightly in gastric cancer. In rabbit experiment, when CCl_4,was ingested, intravenously administered riboflavin was excreted in smaller amount into bile with simultaneous lower level of hepatic riboflavin in total and in FAD fraction depending upon the degree of liver affection, and moreover riboflavin level was higher in portal blood than in peripheral blood. These seem to be the most probable explanation of the disorder of riboflavin uptake and FAD synthesis in liver and reduced excretion in bile when hepatic damage exists.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
44-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
44-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
44-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
44-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Yoshi OKADA
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
45-47
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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The assay of disulfide type of thiamine was examined by adding several disulfide thiamines prior to extraction of beef. In most cases the added disulfide thiamines were recovered fairly well by reduction with cysteine. But the added disulfide thiamines were found to be partially reduced to thiamine without cysteine treatment.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
47-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Tadakatsu KATO, Shoichi SHIMIZU
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
48-53
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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The action of carbodiimide on FMN under various conditions was investigated by means of paper chromatography. (1) In case of FMN as a sole reaction component, two fluorescent spots were observed, one of which was due to the remained FMN. The another had Rf value of about 0.4 with n-butanol・pyridine・water (4 : 6 : 4) as the developing solvent. This compound (U_1), was produced by the reaction both in pyridine containing a small amount of water and in dimethylformamide, but was not produced in absolute pyridine.(2) When H_3PO_4 was added to the reaction system, three flavin compounds were formed and designated as U_2,U_3 and U_4. One of them, U_2,had Rf value similar to that of U_1 mentioned above. The other two could be produced only when an excess of H_3PO_4 or carbodiimide was used.(3) In the system which contained FMN and AMP as the reactants, four fluorescent compounds (U_5 to U_8), were detected. Rf values of U_5 and U_8 were closely resembled to those of U_2 and U_4,respectively. These results suggested that the reaction was not simple when two reaction components were contained.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
53-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Tadakatsu KATO, Shoichi SHIMIZU
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
54-57
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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In the present study, identification of the compounds produced by the reaction of FMN with H_3PO_4 or AMP in the presence of carbodiimide was attempted by means of paper chromatography, paper electrophoresis, absorption spectrum, phosphate content, potentiometric titration, and others. U_1,U_2 and U_5 were ascertained to be riboflavin-4', 5'-cyclic monophosphate and U_6 to be FAD. Both U_4 and U_8 were probably P^1,P^2-di-(riboflavin-4', 5'-cyclic)-pyrophosphate. U_3 and U_6,which were produced by the reaction of FMN with H_3PO_4 and of FMN with AMP are thought to be P^1-(riboflavin-4', 5'-cyclic)-pyrophosphate and P^1-(riboflavin-4', 5'-cyclic)-P^2-(adenosine-5')-pyrophosphate. The above results suggest that the cyclization is predominant to the formation of pyrophosphate linkage in case of FMN. Consequently, it seems favorable to cover the hydroxyl group at 4'-position of FMN with a suitable protective group for synthesis of pyrophosphate ester such as FAD.
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Shoichi SHIMIZU, Tadakatsu KATO
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
58-63
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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For characterizing the yet unknown flavins, which were found to be produced by the reaction of FMN with H_3PO_4 or AMP in the presence of carbodiimide, and thereby for elucidating the reaction pathway involved, investigations were made on the reactions of riboflavin-4', 5'-cyclic phosphate (I), riboflavin-5'-pyrophosphate (V) and FAD which were supposed as the intermediates. When cyc-FMN (I) was treated with carbodiimide, the formation of only P^1,P^2-di-(riboflavin-4', 5'-cyclic)-pyrophosphate (II) was observed, although the amount was poor, on paper chromatographic examination. In the system containing cyc-FMN and H_3PO_4,P^1-(riboflavin-4', 5-'cyclic)-pyrophosphate (III), besides II and an identified compound, was found. In the case of cyc-FMN and AMP, a small amount of P^1-(riboflavin-4', 5'-cyclic)-P^2-(adenosine-5')-pyrophosphate (IV) was formed. A part of riboflavin-5'-pyrophosphate was proved to undergo cyclization to III. FAD was converted to IV in analogous manner. These observations may confirm the structures of reaction products suggested in our previous papers.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
63-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
63-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
63-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Ichiro TEZUKA
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
64-68
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Thirty Wister strain male rats were divided into 3 groups and were kept for more than 90 days on natural diet, pyridoxine deficient casein diet, and 5μg/g of pyridoxine hydrochloride added diet. The growth curve, blood sugar, including the case of glucose toleranse test and insulin-glucose toleranse test, and the amount of 24 hours' urinary excretion of xanthurenic acid were compared. It was found that in spite of that the excretion of xanthurenic acid was not enough to cause hyperglycemia in normal rats, a continuous hyperglycemia still occurred in pyridoxine deficient rats distinctly as compared with controls after 35 days. An abnormal sugar metabolism in pyridoxine deficient rats was also confirmed. After 100 days, rats were minced and xanthurenic acid was estimated. The average amount of it in pyridoxine deficient rats was not more than 0.5mg per rat, which might be too low to cause the hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia in pyridoxine deficient rat might not be caused by the accumulation of xanthurenic acid.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
68-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Masao HARADA
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
69-85
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Changes of thyroid function in rats of pyridoxine deficiency were studied histochemically, electronmicroscopically, and biochemically for several weeks, protein-bound iodine in pyridoxine deficiency was also examined. In an early phase of deficiency, it was recognized the hyperactivity of thyroid gland, followed by a phase of hypoactivity.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
85-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
85-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
85-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
85-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
85-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Shozo SUWA
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
86-97
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Investigations were made on the changes of vitamin B_6- and pyridoxal phosphate contents in the tissues of vitamin B_6 deficient rats and of animals administered with antivitamins. In case of vitamin B_6 deficiency, the decrease of vitamin B_6 contents became significant in the following order : heart, brain, liver, kidney, muscle, spleen, and testicle. Vitamin B_6 contents were the lowest after 6-8 weeks on a deficient diet. The deficient state was nearly recovered to normal after two weeks administration of vitamin B_6. The experiment with antivitamin bore a resemblance to that of vitamin B_6 dificiency. It was considered that the more important the organ in the body was, the less the decrease in vitamin B_6 content was and it might suggest the importance of each organ in the metabolism.
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Kenzo TAKAMURA
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
97-111
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Investigations were undertaken histologically on the eosinophilic and basophilic cells of the anterior pituitary and neurosecretory substance of the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary in riboflavin deficient rats. Observations were also made on the distribution of riboflavin in the diencephalon and pituitary of normal and riboflavin loaded rats. It was found that eosinophilic and basophilic cells of the anterior pituitary increase in the early stage of riboflavin deficiency but decrease later, and this change was more marked in the eosinophils. Neurosecretory cells in the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus, and neurosecretory substance in the posterior pituitary decrease when riboflavin deficient symptoms become marked. Recovery took place when 50μg of riboflavin daily was given for 2-3 weeks. Distribution of riboflavin in the diencephalon and pituitary was high in the neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic nucleus and eosinophilic cells of the anterior pituitary. From the above observation, it was confirmed that the diencephalon-pituitary function was stimulated in the early stage of riboflavin deficiency, and it was more marked in the areas where the distribution of riboflavin was high.
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Taro NAGASAWA, Yasuo KUZUYA, Nobuko SHIGETA
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
112-116
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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The destruction of ascorbic acid in milk treated by the U.H.T. process (two seconds at 135℃) was compared with that of milk treated by holder pasteurization (15 minutes at 75℃). Ascorbic acid was determined spectrophotometrically by the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method. In the U.H.T. process 31.5% of the original ascorbic acid was lost during the heat treatment. In case of holder pasteurization, however, the percentage of ascorbic acid destruction in average was as high as 64.8%. Immediately after the heat treatments, nearly all of the ascorbic acid remained was present as reduced form, especially in U.H.T. treated milk. The percentage of ascorbic acid destruction proved to be as low as 11.9% in U.H.T. treated milk when stored at 7℃ for 24 hours, whereas a loss of 22.4% was found during the storage of pasteurized milk.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
116-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
116-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Shigeru ARAMAKI
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
117-123
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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As to the mechanism of the action of ethylthiamine, Mano and Kaziro in our laboratory reported the inhibitory effect of this thiamine analogue on the thiaminokinase from animal tissue and yeast, respectively. However, it is generally accepted that ethylthiamine, when fed to animals, shows the similar vitamin activity as thiamine. To solve the apparent controversy, the author carried out following experiments. First, ethylthiamine was fed to rats and the growth of the rats was compared to that of rats administered with thiamine. Then, the amount of thiamine and the activity of cocarboxylase in the liver of these animals were determined. The results of the experiments showed, as described previously by others, that ethylthiamine had almost the same degree of growth effect as thiamine. But, it was also found that the livers of the animals fed with ethylthiamine contained very small amount of cocarboxylase as determined manometrically, in spite of the fact that the livers contained large amount of bound form of thiamine as determined by the thiochrome method. In the animals fed with thiamine, these discrepancies were not observed. The liver extracts obtained from the animals fed with large amount of ethylthiamine were treated with Taka-diastase, and chromatographed on paper. An intensive thiochrome reaction-positive spot was detected on the paper chromatogram, and this spot had just the same Rf value as ethylthiamine. From these results obtained, it was presumed that ethylthiamine was converted to its bound form, probably ethylthiamine pyrophosphate, and the latter showed the low cocarboxylase activity for yeast carboxylase. The so-called Ochoa's effect of ethylthiamine and the other thiamine analogues was also studied using etiozymase and partially purified apocarboxylase from bakers' yeast, and it was observed that ethylthiamine has a distinct Ochoa's effect, thouth a little weaker than thiamine.
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Yasuhiro YADA
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
123-127
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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A new thiamine derivative, thiamine tetrahydrofuryldisulfide (5.9mg, equivalent to 5.0mg of thiamine) and thiamine propyldisulfide (5.0mg) were injected intravenously and intramuscularly into rabbits, respectively. Changes in the thiamine contents of the blood and urine were investigated after the injections. No differences could be recognized between the two.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
127-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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Minoru NISHIDA
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
128-132
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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A spectrophotometric method was deviced, based on the fact that a mercaptide was formed with dihydrothioctic acid and p-chloromercuribenzoate, leading to a corresponding increase of the ultraviolet absorbancy in the reaction mixture. Furthermore, a colorimetric method was developed by estimating the change of visible colour density which was derived from the reaction of excess p-chloromercuribenzoate with dithizone after the above-mentioned mercaptide formation. The experimental procedures were studied. The minimum amount to be determined was about 1μg/ml. Both methods were favorably applied to the study on the stability of the thioctic acid in aqueous solution, to the determination of thioctic acid in the commercial injection, and to the separative determination of thioctic acid and dihydrothioctic acid in the mixture.
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Minoru NISHIDA
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
133-136
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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The previous paper reported the two methods for the determination of thioctic acid, i.e., a spectrophotometric and a colorimetric method, which based on the fact that a mercaptide was formed quantitatively with dihydrothioctic acid and p-chloromercuribenzoate. The recovery rates of the method were studied for blood samples, i.e., a definite amount of thioctic acid was added to rabbit plasma, it was extracted with ethylacetate, the ethylacetate fraction was washed by acid phosphate buffer, and extracted by alkaline solution, then thioctic acid in the ethylacetate fraction was transferred quantitatively to alkaline solution. This procedure was useful for removing the interferring action of other components in the blood, particularly glutathione, cysteine or salts of heavy metals.
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
137-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
137-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
137-
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 17 Pages
137-138
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017
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