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Volume 84, Issue 10
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2010 Volume 84 Issue 10 Pages 461-464
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017
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Tomoko Sugiura, Yukio KatoArticle type: Article
2010 Volume 84 Issue 10 Pages 465-471
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN1 (SLC22A4) is expressed in ubiquitous organs. OCTN1 recognizes various therapeutic agents as substrates in vitro. However, the role of OCTN1 in absorption, distribution and excretion of nutrients or therapeutic agents in vivo had been minimally understood. Recently, we generated octn1 gene knockout (octn1^<-/->) mice to identify the physiological and/or pharmacological roles of OCTN1 in vivo. We then clarified a naturally occurring antioxidant ergothioneine as one of the in vivo substrates of OCTN1. In this review, we focused on (1) fundamental role of OCTN1 in tissue distribution and renal tubular reabsorpion of ergothioneine, (2) possible relationship between OCTN1 and human diseases (Crohn's disease and rheumatism), (3) microscopic localization of OCTN1 inside the tissues, (4) bidirectional function of OCTNs (influx of nutrients and efflux of xenobiotics), and (5) protein-protein interaction of OCTN1 with PDZ adaptor proteins.View full abstractDownload PDF (1156K) -
Katsuhisa Inoue, Hiroaki YuasaArticle type: Article
2010 Volume 84 Issue 10 Pages 472-479
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFolates are essential cofactors that are required for the provision of one-carbon moieties in key biosynthetic and epigenetic processes. Mammals cannot synthesize folates. Hence, dietary sources must meet metabolic needs, necessitating an efficient intestinal absorption mechanism. It has been suggested that absorption of folates involves carrier-mediated process with a low-pH optimum. Its molecule entity had long been unclear, but it was only recently that proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT/SLC46A1), which was originally cloned as a heme transporter, was redefined as a transporter that mediates the translocation of folates across the cellular membrane by a proton-coupled mechanism. Since this discovery, studies on PCFT/SLC46A1 have been progressing rapidly, accumulating evidence for its role as the major folate transporter in the intestine. In this review, we summarize up-to-date information on this newly identified transporter, and describe its physiological significance in intestinal absorption and cellular distribution of folates and antifolate drugs such as methotrexate.View full abstractDownload PDF (1438K) -
Atsushi Yonezawa, Ken-ichi InuiArticle type: Article
2010 Volume 84 Issue 10 Pages 480-486
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRiboflavin (Vitamin B_2) is essential for the normal cellular functions. From 1960's, many in vivo and in vitro studies have indicated that riboflavin transporter (s) plays important roles in the absorption, distribution, excretion and reabsorption. Recently, we identified novel mammalian riboflavin transporter RFT1 using our rat kidney mRNA expression database. Human RFT1 consists of 448 amino acids and was predicted to have 10 putative membrane-spanning domains. Subsequently, its homolog RFT2 was identified and showed 42.9% identity with RFT1. It has 11 putative membrane-spanning domains. RFT1 is mainly expressed in the placenta and small intestine, and RFT2 in the testis and small intestine, Transfection of RFT1 or RFT2 into culture cells increased the cellular uptake of riboflavin. Riboflavin transport by RFT1 and RFT2 was independent of Na^+. RFT2 was extracellular pH-sensitive, although RFT1 was not. Further studies will clarify the physiological roles of RFT1 and RFT2 in riboflavin homeostasis.View full abstractDownload PDF (959K) -
Akira Shibata, Kiyotaka Nakagawa, Phumon Sookwong, Tsuyoshi Tsuzuki, A ...Article type: Article
2010 Volume 84 Issue 10 Pages 487-489
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017
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Yuki Kishimoto, Akihito IshigamiArticle type: Article
2010 Volume 84 Issue 10 Pages 490-492
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017
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Akiko Inoue, Kimitaka TakitaniArticle type: Article
2010 Volume 84 Issue 10 Pages 493-495
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017
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Article type: Bibliography
2010 Volume 84 Issue 10 Pages 499-502
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (475K)
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