VITAMINS
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Print ISSN : 0006-386X
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Volume 38, Issue 4
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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  • STUDIES ON RIBOFLAVIN DIESTERS : (I) PREPARATION AND ENZYMIC HYDROLYSIS OF RIBOFLAVIN DIESTERS
    Teruo TANAKA, Hideo TANAKA, Toshitaka TSUBAKI
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 229-234
    Published: October 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.4_229
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    In order to obtain lipid soluble vitamin B_2,riboflavin-2', 3'-dibenzoate, -4', 5'-dibenzoate, -2', 3'-dibutyrate, -4', 5'-dibutyrate, -2', 3'-dinicotinate and -4', 5'-dinicotinate were prepared via the O-isopropylidene derivatives. Migration of acyl group was observed in the riboflavin-2', 3'-diesters. Reaction of riboflavins with acyl chloride afforded 3-N-acyl derivatives. Using hog pancreatic lipase, enzymic hydrolysis of riboflavin diesters was examined. Of the riboflavin diesters prepared, 2', 3'-diesters are found to be more hydrolyzable than 4', 5'-diesters by the enzyme.
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  • STUDIES ON RIBOFLAVIN DIESTERS : (II) METABOLIC ACTIVITIES OF RIBOFLAVIN-DIBUTYRATE IN RATS
    Yoshikazu SAHASHI, Takao SUZUKI, Shoichi MASUSHIGE
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 235-238
    Published: October 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.4_235
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    Concerning the fatty acid esters of riboflavin, many investigations for riboflavin-butyrates have been reported. Recently, the chemical synthesis of some novel riboflavin-2', 3'-dibutyrate and riboflavin-4', 5'-dibutyrate were accomplished by the Toa-Eiyo Chemical Industries Co., Ltd. Using vitamin B_2-deficient male rats, weighing 50〜60g, the prophylactic and curative experiments were carried out by oral administration with 30μg of the riboflavin-2', 3'-dibutyrate or 4', 5'-dibutyrate. The growth curves were recorded, and at the end of the experiments the incorporation of the vitamin into various tissues were estimated. The results indicated that riboflavin-2', 3'-dibutyrate and riboflavin-4', 5'-dibutyrate have marked metabolic activity than that of 2', 3', 4', 6'-tetrabutyrate.
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  • DECOMPOSITION OF RIBOFLAVIN BY A HEAT-STABLE FACTOR OF NASTURTIUM OFFICINALE
    Kiyoko TAKIGUCHI, Kieko OTSUKI
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 239-242
    Published: October 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.4_239
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    Stems, roots and petioles of watercress, Nasturtium officinale, contain an extractable factor which is capable of decomposing riboflavin. The factor does not lose the riboflavin-decomposing activity even after extracts of the plant are heated at 100℃ for 30 minutes or even if the plant from which the factor is extracted is dried under strong sunlight. There are two optimum pHs, 6.5 and 8.5,for the factor to decompose riboflavin. Riboflavin decomposition by the factor at pH 6.5 rises with raising the temperature at least up to 90℃, requires oxygen and is not affected by some chemicals such as ferrous sulfate. The riboflavin decomposing factor becomes cellophane-dialysable only after the plant extracts are heated. No fluorecent degradation product was detected by paper chromatography in plant factor-riboflavin reaction mixtures.
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  • DECOMPOSITION OF RIBOFLAVIN BY AN ENZYME-LIKE FACTOR OF NASTURTIUM OFFICINALE
    Kiyoko TAKIGUCHI, Kieko OTSUKI
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 243-247
    Published: October 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.4_243
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    When watercress is kept in a dilute phosphate buffer of pH 7.0 containing 0.2mg% of riboflavin according to the procedure of water culture in the dark, a factor capable of decomposing riboflavin is induced in every part of the plant after several days, and the factor partly comes out into the medium from roots. This riboflavin-decomposing factor is heat-labile and composed of two parts, which are separable by dialysis. The factor decomposes riboflavin optimally at pH 7.0〜7.2 and 25℃. The decomposition of riboflavin by this factor was not affected by some enzyme inhibitors tested (final concentration, 2×10^<-5>M), such as cyanate and monoiodoacetate, except malonate which somewhat retarded the reaction. By these observations, it is supposed that the riboflavin-decomposing factor is an enzyme. No fluorescent degradation product was detected by paper chromatography in plant factor-riboflavin reaction mixtures.
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  • THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF THIAMINE IN VIVO IN THE GREEN LEAVES
    Hisateru MITSUDA, Takao TANAKA, Fumio KAWAI
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 248-252
    Published: October 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.4_248
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    The further investigation of the synthesis of thiamine in vivo in the green leaves was carried out using the method of vacuum infiltration. The all kinds of green leaves tested increased their contents of thiamine as a function of 2-methyl-4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrimidine (OMP) and 4-methyl-5-(β-hydroxyethyl) thiazole (Th) infiltrated. Both moieties of OMP and Th were required for the synthesis of thiamine. The formation of thiamine was completely inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol, arsenate, or cyanide. However, the inhibition with 2,4-dinitrophenol was partially recovered by light irradiation. This inhibitory effect on the synthesis of thiamine would be due to the inhibition of the enzymic reactions whereby adenosine triphosphate is formed. These results suggest that thiamine is synthesized in green leaves from both the moieties of pyrimidine and thiazole in the presence of adenosine triphosphate.
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  • VITAMIN E CONTENT AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF JAPANESE AVERAGE DIETS
    Hideo IKEHATA, Haruko TANAKA, Chizuko KAMISHIMA
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 253-258
    Published: October 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.4_253
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    Three representative Japanese diets composed of typical menus were prepared and cooked in the laboratory kitchen. The average contents of α-tocopherol, non-α-tocopherol and polyunsaturated fatty acids of the diets (per day) were 5.0mg, 8.3mg and 10.5g by calculation, and 5.2mg, 7.0mg and 12.4g by determination, respectively.
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  • STUDIES ON VITAMIN B_6 DERIVATIVES : (XI) DIRECT CURRENT POLAROGRAPHIC STUDIES ON PYRIDOXAL-HOMOCYSTEINE
    Kenji MASUKAWA, Kiichiro FURUSAKI, Hiroaki MONAKA, Tadashi UEBA, Kenta ...
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 259-263
    Published: October 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.4_259
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    Polarographic behaviours of pyridoxal-homocysteine (PAL-HCySH) were studied by the direct current method and the following results were obtained. (1) In the acidic or neutral solution, two cathodic waves were clearly observed and it was found to be controlled with diffusion process. At higher pH value, the hydrolysis occurs and the wave of pyridoxal appears on polarographic waves. (2) Electrophoresis and spectrophotometry of the substances produced by means of potential electrolysis were determined to clarify the reduction course of PAL-HCySH. It was indicated that the first cathodic wave of PAL-HCySH was attributed to the hydrogenalytic fission of the C-S bond to give N-pyridoxyl-homocysteine (I). The second wave was due to hydrogenolysis of the C-N bond in (I) to afford 4-deoxypyridoxine.
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  • STUDIES ON VITAMIN B_6 DERIVATIVES : (XII) ON THE URINARY AMINO ACIDS, AFTER ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF PYRIDOXAL-DL-HOMOCYSTEINE
    Tamotsu DANNO, Yuzo MATSUOKA, Tadashi YANAGIDA, Kenji MASUKAWA
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 264-270
    Published: October 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.4_264
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    The excessive doses of 100 or 50mg/100g of pyridoxal-DL-homocysteine (PAL-HCySH), pyridoxal hydrochloride (PAL-HCl) and DL-homocysteine (HCySH) were administered to the rats fed with vitamin B_6-deficient diet during 6 weeks. Subacute lethalities, body weights and general toxic symptoms of the rats were observed. Amino acids in urine and plasma were determined, also. PAL-HCySH has smaller toxicity than PAL-HCl. Amino acids in 24 hours urine showed that taurine, cysteic acid were much larger than the others, in rats with administered PAL-HCySH and HCySH. Cystathionine was excreted in urine of vitamin B_6-deficient rats, and did not change by an application of HCySH but disappeared by PAL-HCySH or PAL-HCl. HCySH in PAL-HCySH molecule did not exist in the body, but it was changed to metabolite of the sulfur containing amino acids.
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  • PYRIDOXINE AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
    Kazuhiko FURUTA
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 271-282
    Published: October 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.4_271
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    Effects of pyridoxine deficiency on carbohydrate metabolism were investigated in albino rats and the following results were obtained. 1) aldose-^<14>C and ketose-^<14>C were oxidized more readily in pyridoxine deficient rats than in control rats at 30 to 60 minutes after injection. 2) Pyridoxine deficient rats contained more glycogen in liver and muscles after being fed and less when fasting, as compared to the control. 3) Incorporation of glucose into fat was normal but that of acetate was impaired. 4) Disappearance of injected glucose from serum was delayed in pyridoxine deficient rats. Gluconeogensis, however, was not accelerated. 5) Increased oxidation of aldose and ketose was not influenced by insulin, glucagon, hydrocortisone and epinephrine. Significance of these findings in turns of energy metabolism in pyridoxine deficiency was discussed. Some of the vitamin B_6 analogues also elicited the increased oxidation of glucose.
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  • MICROAUTORADIOGRAM OF RIBOFLAVIN : ON THE UPTAKE OF RIBOFLAVIN-^<14>C AND RIBOFLAVIN TETRABUTYRATE-^<14>C IN THE ORGANS OF THE MICE WITH ORAL ADMINISTRATION
    Chentung CHEN
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 283-292
    Published: October 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.4_283
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    Uptake of riboflavin-^<14>C (B_2-^<14>C) and riboflavin tetrabutyrate-^<14>C (B_2-But-^<14>C) in various organs of the mice with oral administration has been studied by microautoradiogram. Both B_2-^<14>C and B_2-But-^<14>C were absorbed from upper small intestine and brought into liver by portal vein. In the liver marked uptake of the vitamin was observed in cytoplasm and nucleus of liver cells. Grains found in the cytoplasm revealed diffuse distribution from cell membrane to nucleus or accumulation in Golgi field. Nuclear grains were detected in karyoplasm and nucleolus. Myocardium exhibited marked uptake of B_2-^<14>C and B_2-But-^<14>C in muscle fibers. Brain and spinal cord disclosed numerous grains in nerve cells. Perikaryon showed much grains, though less in nerve fibers. Hypophysis revealed uptake of the vitamin in glandular cells of anterior lobe. Thyroid gland showed uptake in follicular epthelium. Adrenal gland exhibited marked distribution of the grains in cortical cells, especially in fascicular zone. Marked uptake was detected in Langerhans' islets of pancreas. In the eyes the most marked uptake was demonstrated in pigment cell and layer of rods and cones of the retina. B_2-But-^<14>C showed distribution of the grains in the liver and brain for longer time than B_2-^<14>C.
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  • EFFECT OF ADMINISTRATION OF THIAMINE TETRAHYDRO-FURFURYLDISULFIDE AND CITRIC ACID ON THE URINARY VITAMIN C AND OXALIC ACID EXCRETION
    Yoshitaka YAMAZOE
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 293-298
    Published: October 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.4_293
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    The present investigation was undertaken to study the effects of TTFD and citric acid on the urinary vitamin C and oxalic acid excretion in adult humans. In the first experiment, 4 adults were ingested with 50mg of TTFD daily for 4 days. In the second experiment, 4 adults were ingested with 5 mg of citric acid for 4 days. By the administsation of TTFD, rate of utilization of vitamin C was steadily increased, and the amount of urinary oxalic acid also increased. By the administration of citric acid, the rate of vitamin C utilization was lowered, especially in the patients of anemia, and it caused the deficiency of vitamin C, which suggests some disturbances of its utilization. The influence of citric acid was considerably strong.
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  • HIGH CONTENTS OF VITAMIN B_<12> IN BLOOD : (II) INCREASED URINARY EXCRETION OF VITAMIN B_<12> IN LEUKEMIA
    Kiyokazu OOMAE
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 312-321
    Published: October 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.4_312
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    Daily determinations were made on vitamin B_<12> excreted into the urine of 19 leukemia patients in whom it was possible to continue such determiantions for a period of more than 3 weeks. It was noted that in all patients the amount of B_<12> excretion was markedly higher than normal individuals. Vitamin B_<12> excreted into the urine was determined by microbiological assay and destroyed by alkali heating. Most of the B_<12> excreted into the urine was nondialyzable. The amount of excretion by disease type showed CGL to be highest and when compared with acute leukemia the frequency for excretion of such large amounts as more than 1.0μg/day was significant at the 1% level. Study of urinary B_<12>-excretion in CGL with Busulfan administration indicated that when compared with the non-treated and remission cases, the excretion amount was markedly increased for those under treatment, being significant at the 1% level. The leukocyte turnover rate can be calculated from the amount excreted into the urine on the assumption that all the urinary B_<12> was derived from the destroyed leukocyte. The result obtained showed that these values corresponded to 15〜21% of leukocyte turnover rate which was given in the experiments using radioisotope leukocyte labelling, for both normal individuals and leukemic patients. Further, it was assumed that the destruction of leukocytes during the course of treatment of CGL until remission is of the level of 10^<12>〜10^<13>.
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  • STUDIES ON DEOXYTHIAMINE : (VII) ANTITHIAMINE EFFECT OF DEOXYTHIAMINE ON RATS BY ORAL ADMINISTRATION AND ON THE LIVER THIAMINE PYROPHOSPHOKINASE
    Hiroe KISHI, Eiichi HIRAOKA
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 322-325
    Published: October 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.4_322
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    It was previously reported by us that DOB_1 had no B_1 antagonistic effect on rats when given subcutaneously with B_1 (Vitamins 28,549,1963). Throughout the present study, it was observed that DOB_1 had competitive inhibitory effect when given orally with B_1,while it had no effect when either one of B_1 or DOB_1 was given subcutaneously and the other orally. From these results above mentioned, it is suggested that DOB_1 inhibits specifically the absorption of B_1 at the intestinal tract. To examine the B_1 antagonistic effect of DOB_1 at B_1 relating enzyme system, rat liver thiamine pyrophosphokinase was purified according to Mano's method. Whereas the presence of pyrithiamine at a molar ratio to B_1 of about 8 : 1 resulted in a significant inhibition, DOB_1 at levels 100 times those of B_1 was found to be ineffective.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 326-
    Published: October 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.4_326_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 326-327
    Published: October 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.4_326_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 327-
    Published: October 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.4_327_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 327-328
    Published: October 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.4_327_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 328-
    Published: October 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.4_328_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 328-329
    Published: October 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.4_328_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 329-
    Published: October 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.4_329_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1968 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 329-
    Published: October 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.38.4_329_2
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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