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Volume 96, Issue 7
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Keiko Yamamoto2022 Volume 96 Issue 7 Pages 281-290
Published: July 25, 2022
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSActive vitamin D, 1 α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 ] is a hormone that plays an essential role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 is also involved in cell differentiation and proliferation, and immunomodulation. 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 and its analogs exhibit these effects by binding to the vitamin D receptor which is a ligand-dependent transcription factor. The vitamin D receptor belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily which includes receptors for steroids, retinoids and thyroid hormones. We developed various vitamin D analogs which specifically bind to the vitamin D receptor, and then we classified these analogs into agonist, a partial agonist and antagonist for the receptor by judging from their biological activities. Using crystal structural analysis and solution structural analysis we clarified the three-dimensional structure of the vitamin D receptor and interactions between vitamin D analogs and the vitamin D receptor. The results indicated that agonism, partial agonism and antagonism of the vitamin D receptor by the ligand binding were structure-biologically clarified.View full abstractDownload PDF (1205K) -
Masahito Yamada2022 Volume 96 Issue 7 Pages 291-295
Published: July 25, 2022
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe number of people with dementia is rapidly increasing in association with aging of populations in Japan and around the world. Recent epidemiological studies have suggested that some lifestyles and lifestyle-related diseases are the risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as well as the whole dementia. Our prospective longitudinal study with a population-based cohort (the Nakajima study) revealed that consumption of green tea was associated with a risk reduction of future cognitive decline and that, in women with apolipoprotein E gene ε4 allele, higher blood concentrations of vitamin C were associated with a lower risk of future cognitive decline. We focused on natural phenolic compounds (polyphenols) contained in green tea and other diets and examined their anti-AD effects using in vitro and in vivo AD models. As rosmarinic acid (RA) was the best compound in our experimental studies, we had performed clinical trials with lemon balm (Melissa officinalis ) extract rich in RA; the extract was safe and well tolerated and had effects on neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild AD dementia. A clinical trial for dementia prevention with food extract rich in RA in non-demented local residents is ongoing. It is expected that the scientific basis of dementia prevention with dietary factors such as natural polyphenols and vitamins will be established.View full abstractDownload PDF (808K) -
Fumihiro Kawagoe, Atsushi Kittaka2022 Volume 96 Issue 7 Pages 296-304
Published: July 25, 2022
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSReplacing carbon-hydrogen bonds with carbon-fluorine bonds has been studied for a long time for the improvement of pharmacological activity from the viewpoint of 1) enhancing interaction with the target biological components based on molecular polarity changes and conformational changes on the molecule derived from the large electronegativity of fluorine, 2) obtaining stability against catabolism based on the large carbon-fluorine bond energy, and 3) improving the lipophilicity of the molecule into which fluorine was introduced (on the contrary, fat solubility decreases in some cases). In the vitamin D research field, fluorination has been progressing from the 1st position to the 27th position in the vitamin D3 molecule. This mini review outlines the fluorinated vitamin D synthesis reported so far and introduces our improved synthetic methods of fluorination on the vitamin D side chain and also new fluorinated vitamin D derivatives.View full abstractDownload PDF (1011K) -
Koshi Hashimoto2022 Volume 96 Issue 7 Pages 305-310
Published: July 25, 2022
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSRecently, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) theory, in which nutritional environment in gestation and lactation periods may determine the life-style diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes has been proposed. Modification of gene expression via epigenetics, particularly DNA methylation, is a candidate of the molecular mechanism of the DOHaD theory. We have demonstrated that fatty acid β-oxidation genes including fibroblast growth factor 21 gene (Fgf21) are subject to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α-dependent DNA demethylation in the mouse liver during the postnatal period. We have also revealed that the DNA methylation status of Fgf21, once established in early life, is relatively stable and persists into adulthood, which may partly determine diet-induced obesity in adulthood. Thus, the DNA methylation status of Fgf21 as an epigenetic memory may be a molecular entity of the DOHaD theory regarding obesity. On the other hand, it has been revealed that vitamin C plays an important role in PPARα -independent DNA demethylation in the mouse liver during the postnatal period.View full abstractDownload PDF (1206K) -
Akihiro Tai2022 Volume 96 Issue 7 Pages 311-321
Published: July 25, 2022
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSAscorbic acid 2-glucoside (AA-2G) is a stable ascorbic acid (AsA) derivative approved as a quasi-drug principal ingredient in skin care and a food additive in Japan and is widely used in cosmetics and health foods. AA-2G is a provitamin C agent that exhibits vitamin C activity after its enzymatic hydrolysis to AsA by α-glucosidase. We have synthesized a series of lipophilic stable AsA derivatives (6-Acyl-AA-2G) having straight-acyl chains of varying carbon chain lengths from C4 to C18 and branched-acyl chains of varying carbon chain lengths from C6 to C16 to improve the bioavailability of AA-2G and have indicated that 6-Acyl-AA-2G exerts usually known vitamin C functions efficiently in vitro and in vivo. Recently, we found that, unexpectedly, 6-Acyl-AA-2G having a straight-acyl chain per se had antiallergic activity based on its degranulation inhibitory action and that a 6-O-acyl AsA, an intermediate in the hydrolysis of 6-Acyl-AA-2G having a branched-acyl chain to AsA, showed a significant antitumor activity. More recently, we succeeded in creating AsA derivatives that exhibit a superior antiallergic effect. In this review, the author presents a possible drug development application for created AsA derivatives.View full abstractDownload PDF (1021K) -
Misora Ao, Kiyoshi Tanaka2022 Volume 96 Issue 7 Pages 322-324
Published: July 25, 2022
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2023
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Norihisa Kato, Thanutchaporn Kumrungsee2022 Volume 96 Issue 7 Pages 325-328
Published: July 25, 2022
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2023
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...2022 Volume 96 Issue 7 Pages 329-330
Published: 2022
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2023
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...2022 Volume 96 Issue 7 Pages 330-331
Published: 2022
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2023
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]2022 Volume 96 Issue 7 Pages 331-
Published: 2022
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2023
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[in Japanese]2022 Volume 96 Issue 7 Pages 331-333
Published: 2022
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2023
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[in Japanese]2022 Volume 96 Issue 7 Pages 333-334
Published: 2022
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2023
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[in Japanese]2022 Volume 96 Issue 7 Pages 334-
Published: 2022
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2023
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2022 Volume 96 Issue 7 Pages 335-339
Published: 2022
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (794K)
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