VITAMINS
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Print ISSN : 0006-386X
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Volume 26, Issue 4
Displaying 1-32 of 32 articles from this issue
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  • ON THE ABSORPTION AND EXCRETION OF THIAMINE PROPYLDISULFIDE-^<35>S : (I) METHODS OF ESTIMATION OF TPD-^<35>S
    Katsu TAKENOUCHI, Kazuo ASO, Akira MINATO, Seiya HIROSE
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 241-245
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_241
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    This paper deals with an examination of the methods of estimation of thiamine propyldisulfide (TPD)-^<35>S which was a part of our program for the study of the absorption and excretion of TPD. It was revealed that, when an aqueous solution of TPD-^<35>S was dried by infrared rays, its side-chain of propylsulfide was decomposed into a volatile compound. Therefore, it is necessary to convert sulfur to sulfate and determine as Ba^<35>SO_4. It is recommended to carry out the estimation of ^<35>S as Ba^<35>SO_4 to the thickness of about 30 mg.
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  • ON THE ABSORPTION AND EXCRETION OF THIAMINE PROPYLDISULFIDE-^<35>S : (II) THE MECHANISM OF ABSORPTION OF TPD
    Katsu TAKENOUCHI, Kazuo ASO, Takaya KOBAYASHI
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 245-250
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_245
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    By admininistering TPD-^<35>S into the intestinal canal of dogs and rats, ^<35>S, total and free thiamine, and TPD in the intestinal canal, intestestinal and mesenteric veins were estimated. It was revealed that TPD, which passed to the tissues of the intestine immediately after administration, was converted to thiamine on liberating propylsulfide and was reduced in the tissues, and thiamine thus formed reached the liver by way of the mesenteric and portal veins.
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  • ON THE ABSORPTION AND EXCRETION OF THIAMINE PROPYLDISULFIDE-^<35>S : (III) ON THE METABOLISM OF PROPYLDISULFIDE-^<35>S
    Katsu TAKENOUCHI, Kazuo ASO, Takaya KOBAYASHI
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 251-256
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_251
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    It was revealed that the propylsulfide radical of TPD was separated immediately after TPD had passed to the tissues and it was soon absorbed independently of thiamine, and a part of it was excreted in the feces and urine through the lymphatic system. When TPD-^<35>S was given orally, 80 to 90 per cent of propylsulfide-^<35>S was excreted in the feces and urine, 41 hours later, while 50 to 60 per cent was excreted 48 hours after an intramuscular injection. Only 0.5 to 0.8 per cent was retainned in various organs (50 per cent of it was detected in the contents of the small intestine) 41 hours after an oral administration, and 3.3 to 4.5 per cent was retained in the organs (50 per cent was detected in the intestinal contents) 48 hours after an intramuscular injection.
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  • ON THE ABSORPTION AND EXCRETION OF THIAMINE PROPYLDISULFIDE-^<35>S : (IV) ON THE TRANSFER OF TPD TO THE ERYTHROCYTE
    Katsu TAKENOUCHI, Kazuo ASO, Shunichi SHIMIZU, Takaya KOBAYASHI
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 257-260
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_257
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    It was shown that TPD passed to the erythrocyte by the similar mechanism as the absorption through the intestinal wall. Our experiments in which TPD and TPD-^<35>S were added to the suspension of the erythrocyte of rabbits showed that TPD immediately passed to the erythrocyte and continued the passage if there was not a chance of being reduced to thiamine in the suspension. The transfer of TPD into the erythrocyte had nothing to do with its esterification, nor replacement of the thiamine, already existed in it. TPD was reduced in the erythrocyte to thamine, releasing propylsulfide.
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  • ON THE ABSORPTION AND EXCRETION OF THIAMINE PROPYLDISULFIDE-^<35>S : (V) THE ABSORPTION AND EXCRETION OF TPD-^<35>S(INNER)
    Katsu TAKENOUCHI, Kazuo ASO, Shunichi SHIMIZU, Takaya KOBAYASHI
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 261-268
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_261
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    TPD or thiamine whose sulfur in thiazole part was labelled, was administered to rat, orally or intravenously and the TPD or thiamine content of various organs was compared. The results revealed that TPD was distributed in the organs in larger amounts than thiamine. The radioactivity in the organs after an oral administration of labelled TPD was assumed to represent thiamine, except for the thiamine decomposed in the tissue. There was a difference in the amounts of radioactivity in the organs between rats fed on a normal and thaimine deficient diets. Radioactivity was not detected after I week in the former, while in the brain, skin, testes and muscles of the latter, it was found as much radioactivitay 1 week later as 2 hours later.
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  • STUDIES ON OROTIC ACID : (III) THE EFFECT OF OROTIC ACID ON LIPIDES IN ANIMALS WITH THE EXPERIMENTAL LIVER DAMAGE AND HYPOPROTEINOSIS
    Takeo KINOSHITA, Shohji IKEDA, Yoshizumi YAMAGUTI, Yasutoshi DOI, Take ...
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 268-271
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_268
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    The authors report the effect of orotic acid on liver lipids in two groups of rats, one is damaged liver tissue by carbon tetrachloride, and the other is depleted protein by none protein diet. In the former, fall of ratio of esterified to total cholesterol, and increase of neutral fats and fatty acids were observed in liver, but by the adminstration of orotic acid cholesterolesterification was accelerated and neutral fats and fatty acids were suppressed. Phospholipids in liver increased by the administration of orotic acid whether liver was damaged or not. In the latter group, cholesterol in liver decreased remarkably but increased not so much even by the administration of orotic acid. Neutral fats and fatty acids in liver were not influenced by the administration of orotic acid, while phospholipids increased markedly. Thus, by the adminstration of orotic acid it is possible to prevent deposition of neutral fats in liver and increase phospholipids in liver. This fact shows the lipotropic action of orotic acid.
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  • ON THE DISCOVERY OF BACILLUS THIAMIN AESEUES
    Waichi YONEZAWA
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 272-274
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_272
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    Comparison of a microorganism which was newly designated Bacillus thiaminaeseus by Chang with Bacillus thiaminolyticus Matsukawa et Misawa, on the bacteriogical and immunological properties, was reviewed and discussed in accordance with some additional experiments. It was concluded that Bacillus thiaminaeseus Chang is different from the original type of Bacillus thiaminolyticus, and at the same time it was proposed that the bacteriolgical classification and definition of Bacillus thiaminolyticus should be reconsidered.
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  • ON THE SODIUM SALT OF FLAVINADENINEDINUCLEOTIDE
    Yoneo MIYAZAKI, Taiji MORITA, Jiro MIYASHITA, Tadashi ISHIDA, Yutaka Y ...
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 275-278
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_275
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    It was discussed about the sodium salt of FAD in this paper. Sodium was estimated colorimetrically as the zinc uranyl acetate complex and also titrimetrically as the sodium chloride isolated with Amberlite IR-120. Hydrate was determined with Karl-Fischer method. The stoichiometric point of the sodium salt of FAD as determined by the potentiometric titration curve was about 6. The curve presented clearly shows that two moles of sodium hydroxide united with one mole of FAD resulting in the break of the curve at pH 6. The dissociation constants, K_1 and K_2,were 7.6×10^<-4> and 6.0×10^<-5>, respectively. Inspection of the data shows that the sodium salt of FAD, when dried in vacuum desiccator over phosphorus pentoxide at room temperature, is FAD disodium salt dihydrate (C_<27>H_<31>N_9O_<15>P_2.Na_2.2H_2O).
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  • ROLE OF LIPOIC ACID IN DISEASED LIVER : (I) HEPATIC CONTENT OF LIPOIC ACID IN RATS WITH VARIOUS EXPERIMENTAL LIVER DAMAGE AND IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER DISEASE
    Sumihiko OKUYAMA, Mieko OOI, Akira FUKUMURA
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 279-284
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_279
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    Studies were made, using rats, on the hepatic content of lipoic acid in the various states as, acute and chronic liver damage by CCl_4,acute liver damage by ethionine, acute poisoning by arsenite, phosphorus and alcohol, and the deficiency of vitamin B_1 or vitamin B_6. The determination of lipoic acid was done by the bioassay with Streptococcus faecalis 10Cl. The acid hydrolysis in 6N H_2SO_4 at 120℃ for one hour was carried out in order to liberate lipoic acid from liver tissue. The hepatic content of lipoic acid in the various states mentioned above was lower than that in the normal rats, except of vitamin B_1 deficiency in which the hepatic content of lipoic acid was higher than that in normal rats. The hepatic content of lipoic acid in patients with liver disease was also determined. It was lower than that in patients without liver disease, while it did not decrease in patients with acute hepatitis.
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  • STUDIES ON FATTY ACID ESTERS OF FLAVINS : (X) SOLUBILITIES OF RIBOFLAVIN TETRABUTYRATE IN OILS, FAT, AND ORGANIC SOLVENTS
    Kunio YAGI, Jun OKUDA, Yoshiko YAMAMOTO, Keiko YAMAJI
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 285-286
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_285
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    The solubilities of riboflavin tetrabutyrate in oils and various organic solvents were estimated. Among the tested oils and fat, riboflavin tetrabutyrate was the most soluble in corn oil (115mg/100g) at 25℃. It was freely soluble in chloroform, acetone, ethyl alcohol, but hardly soluble in hexane and insoluble in water.
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  • STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF VITAMIN D, ADMINISTERED IN EXCESS AMOUNT
    Makoto MINO, Otosaburo HISHIKAWA
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 287-292
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_287
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    The distribution of vitamin D in the body of rachitic children or rats in case of massive dose of the vitamin administration, In peroral administration, a definite amount of vitamin D was appeared in serum of renal rachitic children only once at 6 hours after the administration of 12.5 and 15 mg of vitamin D. In rats, it was found in the serum at 6 and 12 hours after the admistration of 2.25 and 0.375 mg pro 100kg. In rat, the maximum vitamin D level was found at 12 hours after the administration. The vitamin D content at that time was highest in liver, followed by kidney and lung, while in spleen, bone and muscle were low. The faecal elimination of the vitamin on the first 2 days after the administration was found 7.2% in oily vitamin D solution and 3.4% in aqueous solution. In intramuscular injection of the vitamin, the utilization of the vitamin is supposed to be relatively low, because the vitamin was detected in the serum only in case of 4 times injection of 1.5 mg every other day and it was found only 1.7 μg/g of vitamin D in liver. The faecal elimination of the vitamin was a little more than by peroral administration. The vitamin D content of whole body of mouse after an injection of vitamin D was studied. The vitamin content of the whole body was about 65% of the injected dose after 48 hours, 55% after 96 hours and 32% after 144 hours.
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  • BIOSYNTHESIS OF THIAMINE : (I) BIOSYNTHESIS OF THIAMINE IN RADISH DURING GERMINATION OF ITS SEEDS
    Chikataro KAWASAKI, Takashi SUHARA, Nobuko IRITANI
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 293-297
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_293
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    As biosynthesis of thiamine in isolated roots or sprouting seeds of certain kinds of plants had been shown by several groups, the authors sought for plant materials which were capable to build up thiamine from the pyrimidine and thiazole moieties on the incubation with their homogenate. It was found that sprouting radish was always proved to promote the biosynthesis while many other plant materials were less or not effective for the biosynthesis. Then germination of radish-seeds in sand culture was carried out with or without addition of 2-methyl-4-amino-5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine (I) and 4-methyl-5-β-hydroxyethylthiazole (II) (each 10^<-4>moles to 1g of seeds) and thiamine contents of radish increased to the maximal values when sprouts reached to the length of 7-9 cm. Comparing to the control without addition of I and II, simultaneous addition of the both was most effective and addition of I only was more effective than that of II to increase thiamine contents. Similar pyrimidineco mpounds hauing 5-formyl or 5-aminomethyl instead of the 5-hydroxymethyl radical of I, were shown to be less effective than I for biosynthesis of thiamine. Such thiazole-precursor as cysteine or methionine failed to promote the biosynthesis during germination of radish-seeds, when it was added to the culture with I. Biosynthesis of thiamine by combining I and II in sprouts of radish was one of the probable ways.
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  • FORMATION OF THIOCHROME : (VI) FORMATION OF THIAMINE DISULFIDE AND THIOCHROME FROM THIAMINE BY FERRICYANIDE AND ITS DEPENDENCY TO pH OF THE REACTION-MEDIA
    Chikataro KAWASAKI, Takatomo HORIO, Isamu DAIRA
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 298-302
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_298
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    Oxidation of thiamine by alkaline ferricyanide solution always yielded thiochrome and thiamine disulfide (TDS) in different proportions according to pH of the reaction-media. 0.2% solutions of thiamine were first adjusted to different pH between 8.7 and 13.1 by buffers and immediately followed by addition of ferricyanide and after standing for 0〜30 minutes, aliquot portions from the solutions were separately taken to determine TDS by thiochrome method with cysteine-reduction after adsorption to Amberlite IRC-50 column. The formation of TDS was most favorable at pH 11.6 (Fig.1). If the thiamine solutions were kept for standing still more than 5 minutes at pH 11.6 before the addition of ferricyanide, yields of TDS were nearly quantitative but at pH lower than 11 or higher than 12,formation of TDS was decreasing. Oxidation of thiamine or its derivatives at pH 11〜12 in higher concentraions gave better yields and purer crystals of TDS or its derivatives than other preparative procedures using alkaline iodine or hydrogen peroxide. The formation of thiochrome was highest at pH 13.1 but it decreased so rapidly to increase the yield of TDS predominantly, by standing the strongly alkaline thiamine solution for a while before the addition of ferricyanide.
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  • STUDIES ON DIHYDROTHIAMINE : (XV) STABILITY OF ISOMERS OF DIHYDROTHIAMINE (3)
    Chikataro KAWASAKI, Kozo OKADA, Yoshiko ONO
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 303-308
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_303
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    It was previously demonstrated by the authors that dihyhydrothiamine (DHB_1) was stable in alkaline solution, whereas it was very unstable in acidic solution. Now stability of n- and pseudo-isomers of DHB_1 in aqueous diluted solution was again checked and the both were unstable in acid media, as they were ionized into the same quarternary thiazolim form (III). n-DHB_1 was decomposed easily in alkaline solution, when it was carefully dissolved with alcohol, while pseudo-DHB_1 was stable in alkaline solution even on heating. The difference would be based on their constitutions I and II ; pseudo-DHB_1 took II in alkaline media while n-DHB_1 (I) would be transformed into I'and then into the opened ring form (IV) which was further decomposed to the pyrimidine moiety and a mercaptol. Sulfite cleavage of n- and pseudo-DHB_1 at 3.75 mM concentration occured just similarly to that of thiamine between pH 4〜7 but at pH more than 8. pseudo-DHB_1 was not decomposed by sulfite, while n-DHB_1 was still unstable at these ranges of pH. n-DHB_1 at such a diluted concentration as 0.05 μM was very unstable and neither further cleavage nor preservation of DHB_1 was observed by addition of sulfite to it. Thus n- and pseudo-DHB_1 indicated different attitudes at alkaline media and alkaline sulfite treatment.
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  • STUDIES ON THIAMINASE : (XXXII) THE RESISTIBILITY OF O-BENZOYLTHIAMINE DISULFIDE AND S-CARBALKOXYTHIAMINE UPON BACTERIAL THIAMINASE I AND II.
    Kiku MURATA, Motoko IIDA, Junko IZUMI
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 309-313
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_309
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    Decomposition percentages of O-benzoylthiamine disulfide (BTDS) and S-carbalkoxythiamine, e.g. carbethoxythiamine (CET), carbobutoxythiamine (CBT), and O, S-dicarbethoxythiamine (DCET) by the bacterial thiaminase I and II were studied comparing with that of thiamine, dibenzoylthiamine (DBT) and thiamine disulfide (TDS). It was observed that BTDS, CET, CBT, and DCET were resistant to the thiaminases as well as that of DBT and TDS. On the other hand it was found that DCET was stable in the reaction mixture with thiaminase I and II, while CET and CBT were easily converted to thiamine and partly decomposed by thiaminase II.
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  • ABSORPTION AND EXCRETION OF THIAMINE AND FAT SOLUBLE THIAMINE GIVEN TO HEALTHY MEN
    Kuniko MIYAGAWA, Teijiro MIYAMOTO, Kiku MURATA
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 314-318
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_314
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    Apparent absorption percentages and amount of thiamine excreted in urine after administration of dibenzoylthiamine (DBT), benzoylthiamine monophosphate (BTMP), and thiamine propyldisulfide (TPD) to healthy men were studied comparing with that of thiamine hydrochloride. The amounts of thiamine and its derivatives orally given per day were 10 mg or 30mg respectively equivalent to thiamine hydrochloride. It was observed that DBT was highly absorbed as well as BTMP and TPD, and their apparent absorption percentages were more than two times as that of thiamine. The amount of thiamine in urine after the administration of fat soluble thiamine were also higher than that in the case of thiamine hydrochloride.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 319-
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_319_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 319-
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_319_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 319-320
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_319_3
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 320-
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_320_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 320-
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_320_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 320-321
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_320_3
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 321-322
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_321
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 322-
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_322_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 322-
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_322_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 322-323
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_322_3
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 323-
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_323_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 323-324
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_323_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 324-
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_324_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 324-325
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_324_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 325-
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_325_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1962 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 325-
    Published: October 25, 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.26.4_325_2
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