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Article type: Cover
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
Cover1-
Published: March 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: December 18, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
245-256
Published: March 25, 1961
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
256-
Published: March 25, 1961
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
256-
Published: March 25, 1961
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
256-
Published: March 25, 1961
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Keisuke TSUJIOKA
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
257-259
Published: March 25, 1961
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In my previous study it was found that the water metabolism of pyridoxine deficient rats was significantly impaired. Since 2-methyl-4-amino-5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine (OMP) has been shown to be antagonistic to pyridoxine. The water metabolism of OMP-treated rats was studied. These rats exhibited a delayed response to a water load. However, the ability of liver and kidney vasopressin was not impaired at all, and the content of ADH in the pituitary gland also unchanged. These results were in accord with those observed in pyridoxine deficient rats. It was inferred that ADH does not play a significant role in the derangement of water metabolism. On the other hand, OMP treatment casued a decrease in adrenal ascorbic acid content and adrenal weight ; these findings were different from those in pyridoxine deficient rats. It was suggested that adrenocortical insufficiency resulted from OMP treatment might be one of the causes of the derangement of water metabolism.
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Yasuto WATANABE
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
260-265
Published: March 25, 1961
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The effect of vitamin A and thiamine in the diet on the growth, physical activity, contents of ATP and creatine phosphate in muscle, and contents of vitamin A and thiamine in organs of the rat were studied. The deficiency of either vitamin A or thiamine caused decrease in the growth, physical activity, ATP and creatine phosphate, vitamin A or thiamine contents. No clear relationship between vitamin A and thiamine, however, was noticed in the effect of these vitamins.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
265-
Published: March 25, 1961
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
265-
Published: March 25, 1961
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
265-
Published: March 25, 1961
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Ichiro TANAKA, Susumu MURAYAMA, Shoji OTANI, Juichi NAKAYASHIKI
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
266-271
Published: March 25, 1961
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It is well known that thiamine hydrochloride is unstable in the presence of calcium carbonate or ascorbic acid. The authors synthesized three kinds of stable salt of thiamine, namely thiamine di-diphenyl monosulfonate, dithiamine diphenyl-4,4'-disulfonate and thiamine diphenyldisulfonate. They are difficult soluble in water, tasteless, odorless, non-toxic and stable even in the presence of calcium carbonate. Dithiamine diphenyl-4,4'-disulfonate is easily absorbed from digestive tract and blood thiamine concentration is maintained higher level for a long time than thiamine hydrochloride, so that the salt may be well used for the treatment of latent beriberi.
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Kazuo HOTTA, Isao ISHIGURO, Zyunko NAITO
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
271-276
Published: March 25, 1961
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The presence of ammonium sulfate in samples was suitable for the separation of free riboflavin, FMN and FAD in the paper chromatography. Phenol had no effect on the separation.
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Kozo YAMADA, Shuhei OGAWA, Tomohiro SHIN
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
277-279
Published: March 25, 1961
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Eight patients with hyperthyroidism were treated with pyridoxamine phosphate, but any significant improvement could be seen in neither case.
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Sumihiko OKUYAMA, Kohei KAWAGUCHI, Mieko OI
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
280-288
Published: March 25, 1961
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The authors examined the effects of lipoamide on the experimental liver damage of rats by CCl_4 and on the treatment of patients with liver diseases. In experimental studies, lipoamide showed a higher activity in promoting the growth of Streptococcus faecalis 10 C1 than lipoic acid. Moreover, in rats it was observed that both lipoamide and lipoic acid alleviated the histological changes in the CCl_4 poisoning liver and restored the transaminase activity in liver which was lowered due to CCl_4 poisoning. The effects of lipoamide were therefore studied clinically in various liver diseases including 3 cases of acute hepatitis, 8 cases of chronic hepatitis, and 5 cases of liver cirrhosis. Thirty-60mg of lipoamide daily was administered for 1-5 weeks. The subjective symptoms ameliorated or disappeared some or other in all cases and the results of liver : function tests improved in many cases.
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Kunio YAGI, Sueharu NAKANO
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
288-291
Published: March 25, 1961
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D-Amino acid oxidase activity was measured with the liver and the kidney of rat bearing atypical epithelioma of Guerin strain. Comparing with normal case, the enzyme activity of the liver of rat bearing tumor was markedly decreased. However, significant change was not observed between the enzyme activity of the kidney of rat bearing tumor and that of normal rat. Flavin content was decreased both in the liver and in the kidney of rat bearing tumor.
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Sei TACHIBANA
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
291-294
Published: March 25, 1961
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An unknown flavin compound was found in the culture solution of Rhizopus oryzae containing riboflavinylglucoside. This flavin was suggested to be a new type of nucleotide, namely a riboflavinylglucoside mononucleotide, because it was revealed chemically and enzymatically that the compound consisted of a riboflavinylglucoside of which ribityl radical was linked with a phosphate.
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Kunio YAGI, Minoru HARADA, Shigetaka FUJIMOTO, Hideki YAMAMOTO
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
294-297
Published: March 25, 1961
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By the injection of 200μg of FAD, the excretion of flavins in the urine was rapidly increased. Twenty minutes after the injection, flavins in the urine consisted of 90% of riboflavin and 10% of FMN, and FAD was not found at all. Until six hours after the injection, the excreted flavin was reached to the amount of injected flavin. By the injection of 200μg of FMN, the amount of flavin in the urine was also increased. Twenty minutes after the injection, flavins in the urine consisted of more than 90% of riboflavin and less than 10% of FMN. Until six hours after the injection, the excreted flavin was reached to the amount of injected flavin.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
297-
Published: March 25, 1961
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
297-
Published: March 25, 1961
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
297-
Published: March 25, 1961
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Teijiro KAMIHARA
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
298-303
Published: March 25, 1961
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A tube assay procedure for lipoic acid with Streptococcus faecalis 10 C1 was presented. The growth of the organism in a synthetic medium containing 0.125% of sodium propionate and various amounts of lipoic acid at 37℃ for 15-20 hours was measured turbidimetrically with an electrophotometer. A sufficient growth response was obtained to 0-0.25 mγ of L-lipoic acid per cc of the assay medium. An acid hydrolysis in 6N H_2SO_4 at 120℃ for 1 hour was carried out in order to liberate lipoic acid from natural substances. Discussion was made on the stability of lipoic acid in the acid treatment and the effect of sodium sulfate formed by neutralizing the extract with sodium hydroxide and, furthermore, on several problems in the application of this procedure to urine. The existence of an unknown substance in the mycelium of Aspergillus oryzae which stimulates the growth of the test organism under the same condition as this assay method was also cited.
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Tao Hsung LIAO, Yoshiaki TAKAICHI, Susumu HOTTA, Sigemasa YOKOTA, Chiu ...
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
303-305
Published: March 25, 1961
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Bacterial thiaminase was often recognized in the excrement of men having a positive precipitation reaction in blood serum with the culture broth of thiaminase bacteria. The thiamine level of blood of those having a positive precipitation reaction was compared to those having negative reaction. The thiamine level of the former seemed to be little lower than that of the latter.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
305-
Published: March 25, 1961
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
305-
Published: March 25, 1961
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
305-
Published: March 25, 1961
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Sueharu NAKANO
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
306-312
Published: March 25, 1961
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Distribution of D-amino acid oxidase was studied with the tissues of dog, rat, pig, cow, horse, guinea pig, rabbit and cat. The enzyme activity was measured both with the homogenates of these tissues and the enzyme samples purified from the homogenates. The results showed that the distribution of this enzyme was restricted to the kidney, liver and brain. In every animal, the amount of the enzyme in the kidney was larger than that of the liver, and the small amount was found in the brain. The order of the concentration of this enzyme in the kidney is as follows : pig>rat>dog>cat>horse>cow>guinea pig>rabbit.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
312-
Published: March 25, 1961
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Fumio IMANISHI
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
313-322
Published: March 25, 1961
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The lesion of each organ of the rats administrated with 50,000 I.U. of vitamin A-acetate for 7-15 days was examined histologically. After describing the pathological changes of heart, liver, kidneys, brain, peripheral nerve fibers and end-plates in skeletal muscle, bone, endcrine glands etc., the author discussed the effect of synthetic vitamin A on the living bodies comparing with the old examination using liver oil. From the histological finding of thalamo-hypophyseal system, it was pointed out that the hypervitaminosis was regarded as a kind of stressor.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
322-
Published: March 25, 1961
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Morihisa IGUCHI
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
323-327
Published: March 25, 1961
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The activity of several metabolites functionally related but structually unrelated to PABA in reversing sulfadiazine inhibition of E. coli 0-20 standard strain and in spareing PABA requirement of a mutant strain, 273-A-1,derived from 0-20,was examined. When added singly into the medium, methionine, vitamin B_<12> and to a lesser extent glycine revealed the activities. Xanthine, on the other hand, inhibited the growth of the mutant in the presence of minimal but sufficient amounts of PABA. When methionine, xanthine, serine, thymine, valine and glycine were added to the medium sequentially, the inhibitory effect of sulfadiazine for the growth of the parent and the amounts of PABA necessary for the growth of the mutant decreased. The ability to reverse sulfadiazine growth inhibition of the sequential addition of serine, thymine and valine, however, was not so apparent as that to spare PABA requirement. In a medium containing these metabolites as well as vitamin B_<12>, the mutant did not require added PABA any more. The combination of these metabolites and vitamin B_<12> was also found to be noticeably effective in reversing sulfadiazine growth inhibition, but the effect was not complete in the presence of high concentrations of sulfadiazine.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
327-
Published: March 25, 1961
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
327-
Published: March 25, 1961
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
327-
Published: March 25, 1961
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Hideko MITUMURA
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
328-336
Published: March 25, 1961
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The author examined the changes of each organs of rat which fed with riboflavin deficient diet, histologically and histochemically. On animals of ariboflavinosis, it was showed remarkable degeneration of main organs, fatty degeneration of liver, degeneration and atrophy of nerve cells, degeneration of heart muscles and kidneys etc., except eye and skin lesions. From ultraviolet microscopical pictures of liver cells and intestinal epithelium etc., the author concluded that the disturbances of nucleic acid and protein synthesis in cells play the important role in pathogenesis of ariboflavinosis.
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Hideko MITSUMURA
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
336-341
Published: March 25, 1961
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The author observed the effect of orotic acid on Ehrlich's ascites tumor cells. After intraperitoneal transplantation of ascites tumor cells (1×10^6), orotic acid injection was performed for 6 days. More than 128 mg/kg per day of orotic acid, was toxic for mice. By an administration of 4-64 mg per kg per day carcinoma cells increased. The hypertrophy of nucleolus caused by orotic acid was found by phase contrast microscope, showing the intensive absorbtion at 265mμ. The hypertrophical nucleolus was more pyroninphilic by methylgreen. pyronin stainning, suggesting the increase of RNA. It was concluded that orotic acid may promote the cell division.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
341-
Published: March 25, 1961
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
341-
Published: March 25, 1961
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
341-
Published: March 25, 1961
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
341-
Published: March 25, 1961
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Tadao WADA, Hiromu TAKAGI, Shigeru MIYAZAWA, Yoshio SUZUKI, Haruhiko M ...
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
342-349
Published: March 25, 1961
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In the course of studies on thiamine phosphates we found that a new derivative of thiamine monophosphate, S-benzoyl-thiamine O-monophosphate (BTMP) is easily absorbed into organisms. BTMP exerts thiamine activity approximately equivalent to that of thiamine hydrochloride in a thiamine requiring organism, Lactobacillus fermenti 36,rice bird and pigeon. BTMP is hardly decomposed by thiaminases produced by Bacillus thiaminolyticus and Bacillus aneurinolyticus. BTMP is readily absorbed in the human body as well as in dog or mouse, by oral administration and consequently the blood thiamine levels, the thiamine contents of organs and blood cocarboxylase activity rise remarkably and the risen levels last for a long time. Subcutaneously and intravenously administered BTMP causes higher blood thiamine level and cocarboxylase activity than thiamine hydrochloride.
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Akira ITO, Wataru HAMANAKA, Koichi OKAMOTO, Katsuro KAWADA
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
349-357
Published: March 25, 1961
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Investigation was made on the physical and chemical properties of S-benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate (BTMP), C_<19>H_<23>O_5N_4SP・nH_2O. Four crystalline forms named α, β (n=2,plate), γ (n=1.5,needle), and δ (n=0,prism) were found. The crystals are colorless, odorless and nonhygroscopic. On the basis of infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns of the four crystalline forms, similarity in α and β, and an obvious difference between γ and δ were shown. Ultraviolet absorption of its aqueous solution was studied at various pHs and found that the absorption maxima were shifted with change of pH, and the isosbestic points were 239 mμ and 277 mμ. Dissociation constants obtained by the titration curve are K_<a1> 1.64×10^<-6>, K_<a2> 0.98×10^<-7> and K_b 2.00×10^<-12> and isoelectric point was calculated as pH 4.05. Surface tension of the aqueous solution was measured and it was found that BTMP is more surface active than thiamine hydrochloride. Solubilities in various solvents were measured. Alpha crystal is most readily soluble, and the solubility decreased to the minimum value at pH 4. Rf value is 0.48-0.53,when a developing solvent consisted of acetic acid, butanol and water. is used. Relationship between stability of the aqueous solution of BTMP in a concentration of 5mg/ml and pH was studied by means of paper chromatography and fluorometry, and it was shown that BTMP is stable in acidic enviroments, particulary at pH 4,while unstable in alkaline solution.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
357-
Published: March 25, 1961
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
357-
Published: March 25, 1961
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Akira ITO, Wataru HAMANAKA, Koichi OKAMOTO, Tadao WADA
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
358-363
Published: March 25, 1961
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Optimum conditions for the quantitative determination of S-benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate (BTMP) were defined based on the results of fundamental investigations on the conditions of hydrolysis of BTMP to free thiamine with Taka-diastase B and of debenzoylation to thiamine monophosphate (TMP) with cysteine. When BTMP was hydrolyzed with Taka-diastase B of the final concentration of about 1%, at pH 5-6,37℃ for 5-15 hours, free thiamine was obtained quantitatively, and consequently, it was determined by the fluorometric procedure (Taka-diastase method). When BTMP was heated at 50℃, pH 5 for 30 minutes with cysteine of 1000-10000 parts in weight to BTMP, TMP was produced quantitatively, and then free thiamine was obtained by the hydrolysis of the solution with Taka-diastase B, at pH 4.5,37℃, for about 2 hours (cysteine・Taka-diastase method). For the quantitative determination of BTMP in aqueous solution, Taka-diastase method and cysteine・Taka-diastase method were both useful. When BTMP, free thiamine and esterified thiamine were contained together in blood, cysteine・Taka-diastase method and suitable combination of both methods were seemed to be effective for the determination of total thiamine and of BTMP respectively.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
363-
Published: March 25, 1961
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
363-
Published: March 25, 1961
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Koichi OKAMOTO, Akira ITO
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
364-370
Published: March 25, 1961
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Polarographic behaviours of S-benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate (BTMP) were studied by direct current method and the following results were obtained. BTMP showed direct current polarographic waves in buffer solutions of pH 2-12. In the pH-range of about 4-7,two reduction waves were observed. The first wave was comparatively well-defined (E_<1/2>=-1.275 V us SCE at pH 7.0) and was more dependent on pH. The other was ill-defined and almost overlapped with the discharging current of the supporting electrolyte. It was found for the first wave to be irreversible (RT/αnF=68 mV) and controlled with diffusion process, by the various investigations on the nature of the wave in neutral buffer solutions. Fluorometry and crystallization of the reduction products and coulometry by a controlled potential electrolysis were carried out in order to define the electrode reaction of BTMP. It was indicated that the first wave was consisted of the reductional splitting of S-benzoyl radical of BTMP to give thiamine monophosphate (TMP) through an intermediate and the second showed the reduction of TMP to tetrahydrothiamine monophosphate. The direct current waves of BTMP were not considered to be suitable for analysis of the substance because of the inferior forms of them and of the unfavourable influences of other thiamine derivatives such as thiamine hydrochloride or dibenzoylthiamine.
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Haruhiko MINAKAMI, Hiromu TAKAGI, Tadao WADA
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
371-373
Published: March 25, 1961
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Examinations were made on pharmacological actions of S-benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate (BTMP). Acute toxicity on mice was lower than that exerted by thiamine hydrochloride. BTMP depressed the myocardial activity of isolated hearts of frog and guinea pig though the action is weaker than that of thiamine hydrochloride or diphosphate. In urethan-anesthetized rabbit, a temporary and slight fall of blood pressure and a slight augmentation of the myocardial activity were observed with BTMP, while with thiamine hydrochloride or monophosphate, the temporary fall of the blood pressure was greater and a slight depression of the myocardial activity occurred. BTMP in concentration of 0.02-0.04% had almost no effect upon isolated intestine of rabbit, while thiamine hydrochloride or monophosphate in the same concentration caused a decrease in the peristalsis and fall of the tension. The above-mentioned experimental results demonstrate that pharmacological actions of BTMP are generally weaker than those of other thiamine derivatives.
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Yoshito NISHIZAWA
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
374-378
Published: March 25, 1961
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Comparative studies on the intestinal absorption and effect on amino acid absorption of S-benzoylthiamine monophosphate, a derivative of thiamine, and thiamine hydrochloride were carried out. Absorption from the intestine of the former was greater. No effect on amino acid absorption was observed with either agent in in vitro experiments but in vivo, both had a suppressive effect. This suppressive effect was prevented by pyridoxine in the case of thiamine hydrochloride.
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Yoshito NISHIZAWA
Article type: Article
1961 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
379-381
Published: March 25, 1961
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S-benzoylthiamine monophosphate, a derivative of thiamine, was experimentally injected intraspinally. Side effects were not observed and there was little difference in urinary excretion of thiamine compared to thiamine hydrochloride.
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