VITAMINS

SEVERAL CONSIDERATIONS OF THE SYNDROMES OF RIBOFLAVIN-DEFICIENCY ON THE STANDPOINT OF CELL DIVISION

Kazuma MIYAJI

Article type: Article
1965 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 295-307
Published: September 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.32.3_295

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PHOTOLYSIS OF VITAMIN K_1 : (1) DEGRADATION IN BENZENE SOLUTION

Goichiro KATSUI, Masahiko OHMAE

Article type: Article
1965 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 308-311
Published: September 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.32.3_308

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When vitamin K_1 in benzene solution was exposed to the ultraviolet light and then subjected to thin-layer chromatography, a number of colored and fluorescent spots were detected. The main spots and the degradation process were as follow : [numerical formula] Spot 2 was prcduced in the presence of phytyl double bond. On the other hand, this double bond was not necessary for the formation of spot 3 and 4. Finally it was made clear that spot 3 was phthiocol.

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REACTION PRODUCTS OF VITAMIN A ACID WITH ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE

Goichiro KATSUI, Seiji ISHIKAWA, Michiko SHIMIZU

Article type: Article
1965 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 312-317
Published: September 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.32.3_312

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Vitamin A acid, when treated with antimony trichloride reagent in chloroform solution, formed a red-violet color, having an absorption maximum at 573mμ. By being allowed to stand the maximum absorption at 573 mμ slowly disappeared, and then that at 470 mμ developed. When the absorption spectrum at 573 mμ reached its maximum, this reaction was broken up with water. Then its color disappeared and yellow fluorescent substance (I) was formed. When the absorption spectrum at 470 mμ reached its maximum, the blue fluorescent substance (II) was formed by the same procedure. It was revealed by thin layer chromatography, absorption spectrum, antimony trichloride reaction and fluorescence color, that the substance I is changed to the substance II by the treatment with antimony trichloride. By treatment with anhydrous alcoholic hydrochloric acid or acid earth, the substance I could be also obtained, but the substance II could not.

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URINARY EXCRETION OF PANTOTHENIC ACID AND PANTETHINE IN HUMAN SUBJECTS

Yukio SHIGETA, Motoaki SHICHIRI

Article type: Article
1965 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 318-322
Published: September 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.32.3_318

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Pantothenic acid and its combined form, pantethine, in human urine were determined by microbioassay. The dose-response curve of pantethine on Lactobacillus bulgaricus B_1 showed steep slope between 2 to 10 μg/ml, but the sensitivity to pantothenic acid was one twenty-fifth of that to pantethine by this bacteria. On the other hand, the response of pantothenic acid to Lactobacillus fermenti ATCC 9338 was so specific that correct amount of pantethine was calculated from values of microbioassay using both Lactobacillus bulgaricus B_1 and Lactobacillus fermenti ATCC 9338. The urinary excretion of pantothenic acid in healthy subjects for 6 hours was 1,149 ± 91μg, whereas no pantethine was found in urine for same hours. The increase of urinary pantothenic acid was 21.3 ± 1.5% of dose following intramuscular administration of 20 mg of Ca-pantothenate. On the other hand, the increase of urinary pantethine was only 1.8 ± 0.8% of dose following intramuscu1ar administration of 20mg of pantethine. About 10% of dose of pantethine was found in urine as pantothenic acid. These data suggested that pantethine was more retained in blood or converted to coenzyme A in tissues compared with pantothenic acid.

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STUDIES ON ANTAGONISTS OF THIAMINE : (X) THE GROWTH-INHIBITION OF THIAMINE-REQUIRING LACTOBACILLUS AND YEAST BY IMIDAZOLETHIAMINE

Chikataro KAWASAKI, Chisae YAMADA, Yoshio ITO, Gun-ichi KURATA

Article type: Article
1965 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 323-327
Published: September 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.32.3_323

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The growth of thiamine-requiring microorganisms such as L. fermenti 36 and Kl. apiculata was inhibited by imidazolethiamine (1-[(2-methyl-4-amino-5-pyrimidinyl)-methyl]-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methylimidazole) (I), while the growth of both L. casei and L. arabinosus which require no thiamine wasn't inhibited by I. The inhibitory effect of imidazolethiamine was competitive and reversed only by thiamine ; the inhibition index for L. fermenti was 300 and that for Kl. apiculata was 7,000. Imidazolethiamine also proved to have the inhibitory effect on Sacch. carlsbergensis 4228,on which thiamine and the compounds reversible to thiamine were shown to be inhibitory.

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THE RELATION BETWEEN THIAMINE AND VITAMIN B_6 ON SACCHAROMYCES CARLSBERGENSIS 4228 : (V) THE EFFECT OF THIAMINE ON VITAMIN B_6 CONTENTS OF THE YEAST DURING ITS GROWTH

Chikataro KAWASAKI, Chisae YAMADA

Article type: Article
1965 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 328-331
Published: September 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.32.3_328

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Vitamin B_6 contents of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis were assayed microbiologically (Atkin : Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 15,141,1943) at various stages of the growth in the broth with or without thiamine. 1) In the broth without thiamine and pyridoxine, the vitamin B_6 content of cells reached to the maximal value (15〜20 mμg/mg) at the end of the lag phase and then dropped to 5〜7 mμg/mg at the logarithmic growth. 2) In the broth with thiamine only, the yeast began to grow after a prolonged lag phase, while the vitamin B_6 content continued to drop to the minimal value (1 mμg/mg) at the maximal growth, showing no peakpoint of the content. 3) In the broth with thiamine and pyridoxine, the yeast grew more rapidly than in other broths. The vitamin B_6 content of cells reached the highest peak (47 mμg/mg) after 6 hours but fell down to values as those low as in the broth 2) at the logarithmic growth. Vitamin B_6 was found in the broth after 6 hours but no vitamin B_6 was detected in it after 10 hours. 4) In the broth with pyridoxine, the yeast grew rapidly and its vitamin B_6 content fell down quickly.

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EFFECTS OF THIAMINE AND ITS DERIVATIVES ON THE ISOLATED TOAD HEART MUSCLE

Atsushi MURAI, Eisuke KATSURA

Article type: Article
1965 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 332-338
Published: September 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.32.3_332

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It has been reported that thiamine and its derivatives in large dosis weaken the heart action. However, whether these vitamins in any concentration decrease the contractile power or not is remained to be further investisated. In order to elucidate this problem, the following investigations were performed. (1) Thiamine hydrochloride, thiamine disulfide, oxythiamine, thiamine propyldisulfide, and thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryldisulfide in large dosis increased the contractility of a recycling toad heart. Particularly, the latter two derivatives revealed such marked inotropic action that kymographically recorded contractile deflection, aortic pressure and cardiac output were twicely increased in a final concentration of 1.4×10^<-3>M. Thiamine diphosphate revealed no inotropic action. On the contrary, thiaminic acid depressed the contractile power. (2) Thiamine propyldisulfide (1.4×10^<-3>M) prolonged the latent period and repolarization phase of the transmembrane action potential of toad heart ventricle. (3) Using a specially devised Warburg chamber which enclosed a recycling toad heart, the effects of thiamine propyldisulfide on the oxygen consumption, aortic pressure and cardiac output were studied. The addition of this drug (4.2×10^<-4>M) was followed by the increase of oxygen consumption and external work of the heart. However, cardiac efficiency was never decreased.

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EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID ON CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM

Choten INAGAKI, Kumiko OIZUMI

Article type: Article
1965 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 339-343
Published: September 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.32.3_339

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The metabolism of cholesterol was studied on guinea pigs, fed with the diet containing 1% of cholesterol. In the normal animals, receiving 2 mg of ascorbic aicd daily, a marked increase of liver and plasma cholesterols was recognized after 2 weeks, while free cholesterol level was not elevated so much. It is found that cholesterol in liver and plasma is predominant in ester form. In the both groups, ascorbic acid-deficient and excessively administered (500 mg of ascorbic acid daily), without the addition of cholesterol in the diet for 4 weeks, the cholesterol level of plasma was significantly higher than that of the normal animals. The liver lipids were increased markedly by the feeding of cholesterol, while the effect of the dose of ascorbic acid was not recognized. The composition of liver lipid was analyzed by column chromatography and it was found that the levels of sterol ester and free cholesterol were elevated and phospholipid fraction was lowered in the cholesterol fed group compared with that of without cholesterol. By an excessive administration of ascorbic acid, the histological change of the liver and elevation of plasma cholesterol were recognized, while body weight gain was similar to that of the normal group. In the ascorbic acid-deficient group, without the addition of cholesterol in the diet, the decline of body weight was observed after 2 weeks, but in the group added with cholesterol did not show a marked decrease. The reason why the administration of cholesterol to ascorbic acid-deficient diet prevents the decrease of body weight, is yet unknown.

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A SIMPLE TECHNIQUE FOR THE ISOLATION AND THE PURE CULTURE OF ANAEROBIC THIAMINOLYTIC BACILLI FROM HUMAN FECES

Sigeru MIZUGUCHI

Article type: Article
1965 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 344-346
Published: September 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.32.3_344

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A culture method for the isolation of anaerobic thiaminolytic bacilli from human feces was accomplished, according to Buchner's method of the exclusion of oxygen from culture plates, using pyrogallol and anhydrous sodium carbonate in tightly closed plates. This method was favorable for the development d superficial colonies as well as for daily observations, maintaining the necessary anaerobie state. This technique was found to be simple and easier than other methods in general use, for example, phosphorus jar method, so it seemed to be more suitable for dealing with many samples at the same time. The actual application of this method for the isolation was done by the two kinds of culture method. One was the direct inoculation of diluted materials onto agar plates and the other the indirect inoculation, namely the previous growth of bacilli in a liquid medium. The latter is more successful than the former.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1965 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 347-
Published: September 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.32.3_347

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1965 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 348-
Published: September 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.32.3_348_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1965 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 348-
Published: September 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.32.3_348_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1965 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 348-
Published: September 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.32.3_348_3

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1965 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 348-349
Published: September 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.32.3_348_4

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1965 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 349-
Published: September 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.32.3_349_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1965 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 349-350
Published: September 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.32.3_349_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1965 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 350-
Published: September 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.32.3_350_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1965 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 350-
Published: September 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.32.3_350_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1965 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 350-351
Published: September 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.32.3_350_3

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1965 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 351-
Published: September 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.32.3_351_1

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