VITAMINS

Online ISSN : 2424-080X
Print ISSN : 0006-386X

J-STAGE home
/
VITAMINS
/
All issues

Browse

Search
Browse

All issues

Volume 13

Displaying 1-50 of 405 articles from this issue

Download citation

Show all abstracts

ABSORPTION OF CAROTENE IN HUMAN BODY

Akiji FUJITA

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 1-8
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_1

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (758K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 8-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_8_1

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (152K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 8-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_8_2

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (152K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 8-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_8_3

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (152K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 8-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_8_4

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (152K)
STUDIES ON THE DESTRUCTION OF THIAMINE BY MICROORGANISMS (I) : THIAMINE DESTRUCTION BY CERTAIN FUNGI

Kenji OZAWA

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 9-12
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_9

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Intracellular thiamine decomposing abilities of 52 strains of yeast-like fungi belonging to Torulaspora, Torulopsis, Torula, Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula and Trichosporon were investigated. 0.2g of wet cells from 16 strains could decompose over 50 per cent of 3 μg thiamine under a given experimental condition. Evidence was obtained to suggest that thiamine decomposing enzyme, "thiaminase" is widely distributed in the yeast-like fungi.

View full abstract

Download PDF (452K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 12-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_12_1

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (172K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 12-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_12_2

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (172K)
STUDIES ON BACTERIAL SYNTHESIS AND DESTRUCTION OF THIAMINE (I) : THIAMINASE IN THE CELL FREE PREPARATION OF MICROCOCCUS PYOGENES

Juichi OGATA

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 13-20
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_13

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Cell free preparation obtained from M. pyogenes by shaking its aqueous suspension with glass powder under the condition of a low temperature and vacuum was able to hydrolyze thiamine to its moieties. That the factor in the preparation responsible for the thiamine decomposition is attributable to an enzyme "thiaminase II" is shown by the following facts : (a) this factor was not thermostable, had optimum pH and temperature for its action and was precipitated acetone ; (b) the action of the preparation was not accerelated by aniline or pyridine and was impeded from heavy metals. The Michaelis constant of the enzyme was calculated by the author as (2.4±0.25)×10^<-5> M/l at 30℃ and pH6.5.

View full abstract

Download PDF (819K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 20-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_20_1

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (158K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 20-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_20_2

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (158K)
STUDIES ON BIOTIN METABOLISM IN VARIOUS DISEASES (I) : STUDIES ON URINARY EXCRETION OF BIOTIN IN PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS DISEASES

Yasuhiko KISHIMA

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 21-30
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_21

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Spontaneous excretion of biotin was found to be increased in patients with liver diseases and diabetes mellitus, while it was found to be decreased in patients with gastrointestinal diseases, hypertension, chronic nephritis, and those who were treated with aureomycin. Increase in urinary excretion following intramuscular administration of biotin was greater in patients with liver diseases, especially acute hepatitis, and in diabetes mellitus. In patients with hypertension, chronic nephritis, and those who were treated with aureomycin, increase in urinary biotin excretion was less than normal. This data indicates that there may be disturbances in biotin utilization in liver diseases and diabetes mellitus, while biotin deficiency seems to exist in patients treated with aureomycin. Signigicant correlation was fond between the fasting blood sugar level and the increase of urinary excretion after biotin administration in patients with diabetes mellitus. Normalization of biotin metabolism was observed after insulin treatment.

View full abstract

Download PDF (925K)
STUDIES ON THE SERUM VITAMIN B_<12> (I) : THE FREE AND THE BOUND FORM OF VITAMIN B_<12> IN HUMAN SERUM AND THEIR RELATION TO PAPER ELECTROPHORETIC FRACTIONS OF SERUM PROTEIN

Nobuo KATO

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 31-38
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_31

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

1) The total vitamin B_<12> concentration of forty normal sera was found to vary from 160 to 812 μμg/ml with a mean of 415 μμg/ml. The range of the free form of vitamin B_<12> in these sera was from 0 to 83 μμg/ml. 2) By the paper electrophoretic examination of the human sera it was clarified that the bound form of vitamin B_<12> is bound by α-globulin especially by α_2-globulin and the free form by β-globulin. 3) When excess vitamin B_<12> was added to the normal sera in vitro and unbound vitamin was dialysed off, the bound vitamin was found mainly in α-and β-globulins. The binding ability of α-globulin appears to be stronger and larger than that of β-globulin. In the saturated normal sera with vitamin B_<12> the amount of the vitamin in α-globulin is 1.5-1.7 mμg/ml and that in β-globulin is 0.7-1.1 mμg/ml. 4) The significance of the vitamin B_<12>-binding proteins in the serum and its relation to the liver functions were discussed.

View full abstract

Download PDF (892K)
ABSORPTION OF VITAMIN A FROM HUMAN INSTESTINE (II)

Tsuyuko KAWAGUCHI, Tadashi YAMAGUCHI

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 38-40
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_38

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Varying amounts (equivalent to 19.4-308mg vitamin A-alcohol) of synthetic vitamin A-acetate and-palmitate dissolved in vegetable oils were ingested and the amounts of the vitamin excreted in feces were estimated. The amounts ingested minus those excreted in feces were assumed to be the amounts absorbed from the intestine. It was found that about 90 per cent of the vitamin ingested was always absorbed from human intestine regardless of the amounts ingested. The reason for the difference of the results from those obtained in the previous experiment was discussed.

View full abstract

Download PDF (246K)
HUMAN ABSORPTION EXPERIMENT OF CAROTENE (II)

Tsuyuko KAWAGUCHI, Tadashi YAMAGUCHI

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 41-42
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_41

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Absorption experiment of β-carotene was performed in a Japanese female adult, using cooked carrot alone or that supplemented with β-carotene solution. The absorption of β-carotene of the combined diet was found to be the sum of the absorption of each component, i.e., the absorption for cooked carrot was 46 per cent and that for carotene solution 93 per cent.

View full abstract

Download PDF (198K)
STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF VARIOUS MINERAL ELEMENTS UNDER AN ADMINISTRATION OF VITAMIN D (II) : EFFECT OF VITAMIN D_2 INJECTION UPON MINERAL CONTENTS OF BONE AND LIVER OF INDUCED RACHITIC ANIMALS

Tamotu SANO, Tae GOTO

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 42-45
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_42

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The Ca-content of bone and liver of artificially induced rachitic animals is increased obviusly by an injection of vitamin D_2. Their P-content is observed also to increase, though not so pronounoedly as in the case of Ca. On the contrary, the Na- and K-contents of liver decrease markedly in the case of malnourished rachitic animals. Those of bone show also a decreasing tendency. The contents of Fe and Cu increase in the bone on injection of vitamin D_2,but decrease in the liver, both approaching the corresponding values in the bone and liver of the control animals.

View full abstract

Download PDF (484K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 45-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_45_1

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (165K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 45-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_45_2

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (165K)
STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF VARIOUS MINERAL ELEMENTS UNDER AN ADMISTRATION OF VITAMIN D (III) : EFFECT OF VITAMIN D_2 INJECTION UPON MINERAL CONTENTS OF KIDNEY AND SMALL INTESTINE OF INDUCED RACHITIC ANIMALS

Tamotsu SANO, Tae GOTO

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 46-48
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_46

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

By vitamin D injection to artificially induced rachitic animals, they recover from rickets and the amounts of Ca, P, Fe and Cu in kidney decrease obviously. On the contrary, K and Na contents increase in the case of malnourished rachitic animals. The amounts of Ca, P, Fe and Cu in small intestine of induced rachitic animals are observed to increase by an injection of vitamin D, but K and Na contents decrease.

View full abstract

Download PDF (362K)
BLOOD RIBOFLAVIN AND ITS CORRELATION TO CLINICAL SIGNS OF ARIBOFLAVINOSIS IN CHILDREN

Tsuneo ARAKAWA, Akira KAGAYA

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 48-52
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_48

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

On 90 boys at the age of from 8 to 13 years, a signifficant correlation was found between total riboflavin content in blood and the severity in ariboflavinosis, which was expressed numerically by marks according to the severity of such three cardinal signs of ariboflavinosis as angular stomatitis, cheilosis and lingual changes. Concerning the esterified forms of riboflavin in the blood of these children, conversion of FMN into FAD was found to be disturbed in the mild cases of ariboflavinosis, while, in the severe cases, a disturbance in conversion of free riboflavin into FMN was found simultaneously with the disturbed FMN→FAD conversion.

View full abstract

Download PDF (500K)
EFFECT OF ENRICHED SOY UPON RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY OF CHILDREN IN A FARM-VILLAGE

Akira KAGAYA, Yakumo INABA, Takashi ABE, Ryohei TAKATA

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 52-57
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_52

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

An enriched soy, in which 75mg of thiamine, 75mg of riboflavin and 750mg of niacinamide were added per 2 litres, was introduced into a farm-village where ariboflavinosis was found endemically among the inhabitants. Observations on its effect were made from February to October 1956. By the use of the enriched soy, it was supposed that the daily intake of riboflavin was increased from 0.4mg to 1.0mg. Both ariboflavinotic signs and urinary outout of riboflavin were monthly examined on 10 boys with use of the enriched soy and on 20 boys of the control, and the blood riboflavin level was estimated on October 1956. As a consequence of the use of the enriched soy, an improvent of ariboflavinotic signs, an increase in the urinary output of riboflavin and an increase in the esterified vitamin in blood were observed.

View full abstract

Download PDF (531K)
THIAMINE-ANHYDRIDE

Chikataro KAWASAKI, Isao TOMITA, Tadashi MOTOYAMA

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 57-59
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_57

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

O. Bessey (J. Biol. Chem. 195,453,1952) inactivated thiamine in its alkaline solution with benzenesulfonyl chloride for the purpose of estimating thiamine in biological materials. We isolated 4.3g crystals of mp. 97° after standing the reaction mixture of 10g thiamine-hydrochloride in 40cc of 30% NaOH-solution with 10.5g benzenesulfonyl chloride for a night. After its recrystallization from acetone or alcohol, prisms of mp. 113-114°(I) were obtained and they lost 2 moles of crystalline water on drying in vacuum. The analysis shows its empirical formula (anbydrous) as C_<12>H_<16>ON_4S and the substance can not be carried back to thiamine by cysteine treatment or any other means. (I) is easily hydrolysed by HCl into 2-methyl-4-amino-5-aminomethyl-pyrimidine (II) and oily substances of bp_4 41〜42° (III)and bp_4 121〜125°. (III) agrees with C_5H_6OS. (I) is oxidized its sulfoxide (IV) by hydrogen peroxide in 50% acetic acid. We tentatively designate (I) as thiamine-anhydride ; its chemical structure and the degradation schema by HCl will be shown as follows

View full abstract

Download PDF (364K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 59-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_59_1

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (158K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 59-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_59_2

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (158K)
RIBOFLAVIN CONTENT OF ALCOHOLIC DRINKS

Hikaru FUKUSHIMA, Kazuo HOTTA

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 60-62
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_60

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Riboflavin content in various alcoholic drinks was not so high as expected. The values obtained by lumiflavin method were as follows : Sake 1.5-9,beer 13-15,unclarified sake 88,and whisky zero, respectively expressed in μg per 100ml. Thus the riboflavin content in untreated drinks is much higher than that of treated ones.

View full abstract

Download PDF (331K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 62-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_62_1

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (142K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 62-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_62_2

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (142K)
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD OF VITAMIN D ON RAT

Isao KURODA, Yohko SOENO

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 63-70
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_63

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (1836K)
Serine-sulfhydrase

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 70-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_70_1

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (127K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 70-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_70_2

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (127K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 71-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_71_1

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (169K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 71-72
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_71_2

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (298K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 72-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_72_1

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (180K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 72-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_72_2

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (180K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 72-73
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_72_3

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (311K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 73-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_73_1

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (183K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 73-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_73_2

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (183K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 73-74
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_73_3

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (298K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 74-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_74_1

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (165K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 74-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_74_2

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (165K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 74-75
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_74_3

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (258K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 75-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_75_1

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (137K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 75-76
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_75_2

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (279K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 76-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_76_1

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (188K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 76-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_76_2

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (188K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 76-77
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_76_3

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (322K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 77-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_77_1

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (186K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 77-78
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_77_2

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (307K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 78-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_78_1

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (167K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1957 Volume 13 Pages 78-
Published: 1957
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20632/vso.13.0_78_2

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (167K)

feedback

Top

Register with J-STAGE for free!